Geranium ibericum

• Interesting Facts
• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Description

Genus Geranium

Annual or perennial herbs. Leaves usually alternate, stipulate , variously divided . Peduncles (1-) 2-flowered. Flowers often showy, regular, usually 5-merous. Petals alternating with 5 nectiferous glands . Stamens (5-) 10, staminodes occasional. Carpels usually 5, adnate , separating septifragally from the central axis at maturity. Ovary 5-lobed. Fruit schizocarpic, of 5 mericarps which remain attached to an elastically coiling stylar axis upwards; mericarps without apical pits.

A genus of c. 400 species, mainly distributed in the temperate zone of N. Hemisphere, but also in the tropics. Represented in Pakistan by 22 species. The large flowered perennials are difficult to key out satisfactorily unless there is ample information on the nature of the underground parts, flower colour, shape and size of the leaves and the fruits. In the key that follows, I have used the following terminology: segments for primary division of leaves; lobes for secondary division . The sepal length excludes the awn . The beak length (in fruit) excludes the styles.[1]

Physical Description

Biology

Reproduction

Duration: Perennial

Growth

Culture: Space 18-24" apart.

Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Sun to Partial Shade.

Temperature: Cold Hardiness: 5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b. (map)

Taxonomy

Synonyms

Geranium grandiflorum Gueldenst. • Geranium ibericum jubatum (Hand. -Mazz.) P. H. Davis • Geranium ibericum var. album Lauman in L. H. Bailey • Geranium ibericum var. hyrcanum Woronow in Kusn. • Geranium ibericum var. subglandulosum Rupr. • Geranium jubatum Hand. -Mazz. • Geranium montanum Hablitz Ex Pall.

Notes

Publishing author : Cav. Publication : Diss. 209. t. 124. f. 1.

Name Status: Accepted Name .

Last scrutiny: May-2008

Similar Species

Members of the genus Geranium

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 263 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:

G. (Cranesbill [thumping Heart]) · G. aequale (Awnless Geranium) · G. aequatoriale (Cranesbill) · G. albicans (Roundleaf Geranium) · G. arboreum (Hawai'i Red Cranesbill) · G. aristatum (Cranesbill) · G. asphodeloides (Hedgerow Geranium) · G. atropurpureum Heller var. cowenii (Rydb.) Dorn (Western Purple Cranesbill) · G. bicknellii (Bicknell's Cranesbill) · G. bicknellii Britton var. bicknellii Britton (Bicknell's Cranesbill) · G. bohemicum 'Orchid Blue' (Cranesbill) · G. caespitosum (James Cranebill) · G. caespitosum E.James var. fremontii (Torr. ex A.Gray) Dorn (Fremont Geranium) · G. caespitosum var. parryi (Engelm.) W.A.Weber (Parry Geranium) · G. californicum (California Crane's-Bill) · G. canariensis (Giant Geranium) · G. carolinianum (Carolina Crane's-Bill) · G. carolinianum L. var. sphaerospermum (Fern.) Breitung (Carolina Geranium) · G. cinereum (Grayleaf Geranium) · G. cinereum var. subcaulescens 'Giuseppe' (Greyleaf Geranium) · G. cinereum'Alice' (Alice Grayleaf Geranium) · G. cinereum 'Ballerina' (Ballerina Cranesbill) · G. cinereum 'Carol' (Carol Cranesbill) · G. cinereum 'Lawrence Flatman' (Grayleaf Geranium) · G. cinereum 'Memories' (Grayleaf Geranium) · G. cinereum 'Purple Pillow' (Grayleaf Geranium) · G. cinereum 'Sateene' (Sateen Grayleaf Geranium) · G. cinereum subcaulescens 'Splendens' (Grayleaf Geranium) · G. clarkei (Cranesbill) · G. clarkei 'Kashmir Pink' (Cranesbill) · G. clarkei 'Kashmir Purple' (Cranesbill) · G. clarkei 'Kashmir White' (Cranesbill) · G. columbinum (Long-Stalk Crane's-Bill) · G. cuneatum cuneatum (Cuneate-Leaf Crane's-Bill) · G. cuneatum hololeucum (Hinahina) · G. cuneatum hypoleucum (Hinahina) · G. cuneatum tridens (Hinahina) · G. dalmaticum (Geranium) · G. dissectum (Cut-Leaf Crane's-Bill) · G. divaricatum (Fanleaf Geranium) · G. Dragon Heart = 'Bremdra' (Cranesbill [dragon Heart]) · G. endressii (Cranesbill) · G. endressii x psilostemon 'Patricia' (Patricia Cranesbill) · G. erianthum (Northern Crane's-Bill) · G. farreri (Farrers Geranium) · G. gracile (Hardy Geranium) · G. hanaense (Maui Geranium) · G. harveyi (Cranesbill) · G. hayatanum (Hardy Geranium) · G. himalayense (Cranesbill) · G. himalayense 'Baby Blue' (Himalayan Geranium) · G. himalayense 'Derrick Cook' (Himalayan Geranium) · G. himalayense 'Devil's Blue' (Devil's Blue Himalayan Geranium) · G. himalayense 'Gravetye' (Himalayan Geranium) · G. himalayense 'Irish Blue' (Himalayan Geranium) · G. himalayense 'Plenum' (Birch Double Geranium) · G. homeanum (Australasia Crane's-Bill) · G. ibericum (Iberian Crane's-Bill) · G. ibericum jubatum (Iberian Geranium) · G. incanum (Carpet Geranium) · G. incanum 'Silver Sugar Plum' (Carpet Geranium) · G. kauaiense (Kauai Geranium) · G. lambertii (Geranium) · G. lambertii x procurrens 'Salome' (Salome Cranesbill) · G. lambertii 'Swansdown' (Geranium) · G. lentum (Mogollon Crane's-Bill) · G. libani (Geranium Geranium Libani) · G. lucidum (Shining Crane's-Bill) · G. macrorrhizum (Big Root Geranium) · G. macrorrhizum 'Album' (Cranesbill) · G. macrorrhizum 'Bevan's Variety' (Bevan's Variety Bigroot Cranesbill) · G. macrorrhizum 'Czakor' (Cranesbill) · G. macrorrhizum 'Ingwersen's Variety' (Ingwersen's Variety Bigroot Cranesbill) · G. macrorrhizum 'Lohfelden' (Cranesbill) · G. macrorrhizum 'Spessart' (Bigroot Cranesbill) · G. macrorrhizum 'Variegatum' (Bigroot Geranium) · G. macrorrhizum 'White-Ness' (Cranesbill) · G. macrostylum (Cranesbill) · G. maculatum (Cranesbill) · G. maculatum 'Album' (Spotted Geranium) · G. maculatum 'Elizabeth Ann' (Elizabeth Anne Hardy Geranium) · G. maculatum 'Espresso' (Espresso Cranesbill) · G. maderense (Madeiran Cranesbill) · G. magnificum (Cranesbill) · G. magniflorum (Cranesbill) · G. magniflorum 'Laveta Lace' (Geranium) · G. makmelicum (Grayleaf Geranium) · G. molle (Awnless Geranium) · G. molle molle (Dovesfoot Crane's-Bill) · G. multiflorum (Many-Flower Crane's Bill) · G. multiflorum multiflorum (Manyflower Geranium) · G. multisectum (Cranesbill) · G. nodosum (Geranium) · G. oreganum (Oregon Crane's-Bill) · G. palmatum (Canary Island Geranium) · G. palustre (Marsh Cranes-Bill) · G. phaeum (Dusky Cranesbill) · G. phaeum phaeum 'Samobor' (Cranesbill) · G. phaeum 'Album' (Dusky Cranesbill) · G. phaeum 'Calligrapher' (Dusky Cranesbill)

More Info

• Search for Pictures: images.google.com
• Search for Scholarly Articles: Google Scholar
• Search using Scientific Name and Vernacular Names: All the Web | AltaVista Canada | AltaVista | Excite | Google | HotBot | Lycos
• Search using Specialized Databases: GenBank | Medline | Scirus | CISTI/CAL | Agricola Periodicals | Agricola Books

Further Reading

• A year's gardening London, T. Werner Laurie, [1912?] url .
• Alpines and bog-plants / by Reginald Farrer. London, Arnold, 1908. url p. 105.
• Alpines and bog-plants, London, E. Arnold, 1908. url .
• An encyclopaedia of gardening; comprising the theory and practice of horticulture, floriculture, arboriculture, and landscape-gardening, including all the latest improvements; a general history of gardening in all countries; and a By J.C. Loudon. London, Printed for Longman, Ross, Orme, Brown, and Green, 1828. url p. 871.
• Children and gardens, by Gertrude Jekyll; with one hundred and six illustrations by the author. London, C. Scribner's sons, 1908. url p. 77.
• Colour in my garden, by Louise Beebe Wilder. Illustrated in colour, by Anna Winegar. Garden City, N.Y., Doubleday, Page, 1918. url p. 217, p. 390, p. 394, p. 396.
• Colour in the flower garden / [London]: "Country life, " ltd. [etc.], 1908. url p. 145, p. 42.
• Edwards's botanical register. 28 1842 London: James Ridgway, 1829-1847. url , .
• Favourite flowers of garden and greenhouse /by Edward Step. ..; the cultural directions edited by William Watson. ..; illustrated with three hundred and sixteen coloured plates, selected and arranged by D. Bois. 1 1896 London and New York: Frederick Warne & co., 1896-97. url , p. 106.
• Flora of the U.S.S.R. [Springfield, Va.: Israel Program for Scientific Translations; 1968- url , p. 14.
• Flower grouping in English, Scotch & Irish gardens; notes & 56 sketches in colour, by Margaret Waterfield. .. with contributions by E. V. B., S. Arnott [and others] London: E. P. Dutton & co., 1907. url p. 224.
• Gardeners' chronicle of America. New York: Chronicle Press, 1905-1950. url p. 119.
• Gardening for amateurs; a simple, complete, and practical guide for garden lovers, edited by H. H. Thomas. Illustrated by twenty-four coloured plates and many hundreds of photographs and sketches. New York: Funk and Wagnalls company, [1915] url p. 148.
• Guide to the autumn flowers of Minnesota, field and garden. [By] F. E. Clements, C. O. Rosendahl and F. K. Butters. Minneapolis, University of Minnesota, 1913. url p. 10.
• Hand-list of herbaceous plants cultivated in the Royal Botanic Gardens. London, Printed for H. M. Stationery Off. by Darling, 1902. url p. 509.
• Handbook of flower pollination based upon Hermann Müller's work 'The fertilisation of flowers by insects'; tr. by J.R. Ainsworth Davis. Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1906. url p. 228.
• Handbook of flower pollination: based upon Hermann Mu?ller's work 'The fertilisation of flowers by insects' / Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1906-09. url .
• Hardy flowers. Descriptions of upwards of thirteen hundred of the most ornamental species, with directions for their arrangement, culture, etc.. .. By W. Robinson. London, Macmillan, 1878. url p. 134.
• Journal of genetics. Cambridge: University Press, 1910-1977. url p. 220, p. 226.
• List of herbaceous perennials tested in the arboretum and botanic garden: central experimental farm, Ottawa, Canada, with descriptions of flowers, and other notes by W. T. Macoun. Ottawa: Government Printing Bureau, 1908. url p. 45.
• Lists of plant types for landscape planting; the materials of planting for ornament listed according to their various uses, by Stephen F. Hamblin. Cambridge, Harvard University Press, 1923. url , , p. 98.
• Memoirs of the Torrey Botanical Club. 9 1900 Durham, N.C.: Published for the Club by the Seeman Printery, 1889- url p. 271.
• My garden in spring, by E. A. Bowles. New York: Dodge Pub. Co., [1914] url p. 286.
• Nicholson, G. The illustrated dictionary of gardening: a practical and scientific encyclopædia of horticulture for gardeners and botanists /edited by George Nicholson; assisted by J.W.H. Trail. .. and J. Garrett. .. 9 1884 London: L.U. Gill, [1884]-88. url p. 433.
• Report. Albany, J. B. Lyon, 1894. url .
• Rock gardening for amateurs, by H. H. Thomas assisted by S. Arnott; beautifully illustrated with twelve direct colour photographs by H. Essenhigh Corke, sixty-four half-tone plates and numerous sketches. London, Cassell and company, limited, 1914. url p. 225.
• Round the year in the garden; a descriptive guide to the flowers of the four seasons, and to the work of each month in the flower, friut and kitchen garden, by H. H. Thomas. .. Beautifully illustrated with twelve direct colour photographs by H. Essenhigh Corke, and sixty-four half-tone plates. New York, Funk and Wagnalls company[1916] url p. 64.
• Standardized plant names; a catalogue of approved scientific and common names of plants in American commerce. Salem, Mass., 1923. url p. 101.
• Studies in gardening, New York, C. Scribner's sons, 1916. url .
• Studies in gardening, by A. Clutton Brock; with preface and notes by Mrs. Francis King. .. New York, C. Scribner's Sons, 1916. url p. 311, p. 311.
• The English flower garden and home grounds: design and arrangement shown by existing examples of gardens in Great Britain and Ireland, followed by a description of the plants, shrubs and trees for the open-air garden and their culture / by W. Robinson; illustrated with many engravings on wood. London: J. Murray, 1906. url p. 590.
• The English rock-garden, by Reginald Farrer. London, Jack, 1919. url p. 18.
• The Garden: an illustrated weekly journal of gardening in all its branches. London: [s.n., url , , , , p. 108, p. 143, p. 18, p. 187, p. 192, p. 214, p. 245, p. 262, p. 269, p. 308, p. 308, p. 32, p. 320, p. 458, p. 473, p. 479, p. 484, p. 507, p. 544.
• The Gardeners' chronicle and agricultural gazette. London: published for the proprietors, 1844-1873. url p. 549, p. 820.
• The Gardeners' chronicle: a weekly illustrated journal of horticulture and allied subjects. London: [Gardeners Chronicle], 1874-1955. url p. 112, p. 139, p. 18, p. 212, p. 222, p. 254, p. 282, p. 334, p. 40, p. 420, p. 633, p. 678, p. 748.
• The Illustrated dictionary of gardening: a practical and scientific encyclopaedia of horticulture for gardeners and botanists / edited by George Nicholson. ..; assisted by J.W.H. Trail. .. and J. Garrett. ... London: L. Upcott Gill; 1887-1889. url p. 368.
• The Magazine of horticulture, botany, and all useful discoveries and improvements in rural affairs. Boston: Hovey and Co., 1837- url p. 58.
• The alpine flora / by Henry Correvon and Phillippe Robert; translated into English and enlarged, under the author's sanction, by E. W. Clayforth. London: Methuen, [1911] url p. 432.
• The book of nature study, ed. by J. Bretland Farmer. .. assisted by a staff of specialists. Fully illustrated. London, Caxton publishing company[1908?]-1909. url p. 171.
• The century supplement to the dictionary of gardening, a practical and scientific encyclopaedia of horticulture for gardeners and botanists / by Geo. Nicholson. .. [et al.]. Hyde Park, Mass.: Geo. T. King; 1901. url p. 388.
• The encyclopedia of gardening. A dictionary of cultivated plants, etc., giving in alphabetical sequence the culture and propagation of hardy and half-hardy plants, trees and shrubs, orchids, ferns, fruit, vegetables, hothouse and g London, W. H. & L. Collingridge[1908] url .
• The faunal connections between Europe and North America. New York, Wiley[1957] url p. 146.
• The gardener's magazine and register of rural & domestic improvement. London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown and Green, 1826-1844. url p. 528.
• The hardy flower book, by E. H. Jenkins, ed. by F. W. Harvey. London, C. Scribner's sons[1914] url p. 94.
• The standard cyclopedia of horticulture; a discussion, for the amateur, and the professional and commercial grower, of the kinds, characteristics and methods of cultivation of the species of plants grown in the regions of the United States a Illustrated with colored plates, four thousand engravings in the text, and ninety-six full-page cuts. New York, Macmillan, 1919 [c1914] url p. 3591.
• The survey of western Palestine. The fauna and flora of Palestine, by H. B. Tristram. London, The Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund, 1884. url p. 256.
• The wild garden, or the naturalization and natural grouping of hardy exotic plants with a chapter on the garden of British wild flowers. London, J. Murray, 1894. url .
• Villa gardening: a handbook for amateur and practical gardeners / by Edward Hobday. London; MacMillan, 1887. url p. 87.

Notes

Contributors

• Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed April 30, 2012.
• Geranium Taxonomic Information System 2006.
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed December 06, 2007. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 4 providers.
• RJB Geranium: Geranium Taxonomic Information System. Release date: May 27, 2008
• RJB Geranium
• Ruggiero M., Gordon D., Bailly N., Kirk P., Nicolson D. (2011). The Catalogue of Life Taxonomic Classification, Edition 2, Part A. In: Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist (Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D., eds). DVD; Species 2000: Reading, UK.
• The International Plant Names Index. Accessed Dec 27, 2011.
• USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. URL (April 28, 2008)

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal December 06, 2007:

• Bundesamt für Naturschutz / Zentralstelle für Phytodiversität Deutschland, Bundesamt fuer Naturschutz / Zentralstelle fuer Phytodiversitaet Deutschland
• UK National Biodiversity Network, Botanical Society of the British Isles - Vascular Plants Database
• USDA PLANTS, USDA PLANTS Database

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2652493
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: Ger-247
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 4490920
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:373165-1
• GRIN Nomen Number: 419
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 29138
• International Plant Names Index (IPNI) ID: 373165-1
• Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: PDGER020H0
• U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: GENET2
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 40651

Footnotes

1. Yasin J Nasir "Geranium". in Flora of Pakistan . Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]

©2004-2012 David Stang. All rights reserved.