Geranium carolinianum (Carolina Crane's-Bill)

Overview

[ Back to top ]

Carolina geranium. <em>Geranium carolinianum</em> leaf and flower.

Interesting Facts

[ Back to top ]

This is a common yard weed . It has interesting beak-shaped seed pods which throw their seeds when they ripen and split.

Common Names

[ Back to top ]

Common Names in English:

Carolina Crane's-Bill, Carolina Crane´s-Bill, Carolina Cranesbill, Carolina Geranium, Cranesbill

Description

[ Back to top ]

Genus Geranium

Annual or perennial herbs. Leaves usually alternate, stipulate , variously divided . Peduncles (1-) 2-flowered. Flowers often showy, regular, usually 5-merous. Petals alternating with 5 nectiferous glands . Stamens (5-) 10, staminodes occasional. Carpels usually 5, adnate , separating septifragally from the central axis at maturity. Ovary 5-lobed. Fruit schizocarpic, of 5 mericarps which remain attached to an elastically coiling stylar axis upwards; mericarps without apical pits.

A genus of c. 400 species, mainly distributed in the temperate zone of N. Hemisphere, but also in the tropics. Represented in Pakistan by 22 species. The large flowered perennials are difficult to key out satisfactorily unless there is ample information on the nature of the underground parts, flower colour, shape and size of the leaves and the fruits. In the key that follows, I have used the following terminology: segments for primary division of leaves; lobes for secondary division . The sepal length excludes the awn . The beak length (in fruit) excludes the styles.[1]

Physical Description

Species Geranium carolinianum

Annuals . Stem 10-65(-70) cm tall, erect , not rooting at nodes, with abundant 0.2-1.1 mm patent to retrorse nonglandular trichomes and scattered 0.2-0.7 mm patent glandular trichomes. Stipules lanceolate to subulate , distinct . Leaves 1-3 alternate but opposite at inflorescence; petiole with usually 0.2-1.1 mm patent nonglandular trichomes and scattered glandular trichomes; leaf blade 2.2-6.5 cm, palmately cleft , ratio of main sinus/middle segment length = 0.7-0.9, pilose with appressed nonglandular trichomes; segments 5(or 7), rhombic , 2-5 mm wide at base , 5-12-lobed in distal half, ratio of second sinus/middle segment length = 0.27-0.31. Cymules in dense aggregates at apex of each branch or solitary in forks, 2(or 3) -flowered; peduncle 0-2.5(-6) cm. Pedicel 3-11 mm, with 0.2-0.7 mm patent or sometimes retrorse but not appressed nonglandular trichomes and 0.3-0.6 mm patent glandular trichomes; bracteoles lanceolate. Sepals 5-6.5 mm, mucro 1.5-2 mm, ratio of mucro/sepal length = ca. 0.3, outside with 0.1-0.6 mm antrorse to patent nonglandular trichomes and 0.2-0.5 mm patent glandular trichomes, inside glabrous . Petals white or pale purple, 5.5-6 mm, erect to patent, inside glabrous, margin basally ciliate , apex rounded or slightly notched . Staminal filaments whitish, lanceolate to lanceolate with an abruptly narrowed apex, abaxially sparsely pilose and basal half ciliate, trichomes 0.1-0.3 mm; anthers yellowish, 0.4-0.6 mm. Nectaries 5, hemispheric , glabrous. Stigma pinkish. Fruit 1.9-2.5 cm, erect when immature ; mericarps smooth , with a basal callus, with 0.5-1.8 mm patent to antrorse nonglandular trichomes and sometimes 0.4-1 mm patent glandular trichomes; rostrum 1.5-1.9 cm, with a 1-2 mm narrowed apex; stigmatic remains 0.7-1.4 mm. Seeds 2-2.2 mm. Fl. Apr-Jul, fr. May-Sep. 2n = 46-48, 52. [source]

This species has distinctive mericarps that are blackish when ripe and that have long patent trichomes. Presence of glandular trichomes is rather variable along plant. The whole plant is used in Chinese medicine for relieving rheumatic pains and colds. [source]

Habit: Forb/herb

Flowers: Bloom Period: January, February, March, April, May, June. • Flower Color: near white, pale pink, white

Size/Age/Growth

Size: 12-18" tall.

Habitat

Plains , weedy areas; sea level to 800 m [2].

Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 2,333 meters (0 to 7,654 feet).[3]

Biology

[ Back to top ]

Reproduction

Duration: Annual , Biennial

Growth

Culture: Space 9-12" apart.

Soil: Minimum pH: 5.6 • Maximum pH: 7.8

Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Full Sun .

Taxonomy

[ Back to top ]

Domain: Eukaryota () - Whittaker & Margulis,1978 - eukaryotes
- Kingdom: Plantae () - Haeckel, 1866 - Plants
  - Subkingdom: Viridaeplantae () - Cavalier-Smith, 1981
    - Phylum: Tracheophyta () - Sinnott, 1935 ex Cavalier-Smith, 1998 - Vascular Plants
      - Subphylum: Euphyllophytina ()
        Infraphylum: Radiatopses () - Kenrick & Crane, 1997
        Class: Spermatopsida () - Brongniart, 1843
        Subclass: Rosidae () - Takhtajan, 1967
        Superorder: Geranianae () - (Dumortier, 1829) Takhtajan, 1997
        Order: Geraniales () - Dumortier, 1829
        Family: Geraniaceae () - A.L. de Jussieu, 1789, nom. cons.
        Subfamily: Rhododendroideae ()
        Tribe: Geranieae ()
        Genus: Geranium () - C. Linnaeus, 1753 - Geranium
        Specific epithet: carolinianum - L.
        Botanical name: - Geranium carolinianum L.

Synonyms

Geranium atrum Moench • Geranium carolinianum f. albiflorum B. Boivin • Geranium carolinianum var. carolinianum L. • Geranium carolinianum var. confertiflorum Fernald • Geranium carolinianum var. sphaerospermum (Fernald) Breitung • Geranium carolinum Burm. F. • Geranium carolinum Crantz • Geranium dissectum var. carolinianum (L.) Hook. F. • Geranium langloisii Greene • Geranium lanuginosum Jacq. • Geranium lenticulum Raf. • Geranium sphaerospermum Fernald • Geranium thermale Rydb.

Notes

Publishing author : L. Publication : Species Plantarum 1753 (1 May 1753)

Similar Species

[ Back to top ]

Members of the genus Geranium

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 263 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:

More Info

[ Back to top ]

Search for Pictures: images.google.com
Search for Scholarly Articles: Google Scholar
Search using Scientific Name and Vernacular Names: All the Web | AltaVista Canada | AltaVista | Excite | Google | HotBot | Lycos
Search using Specialized Databases: GenBank | Medline | Scirus | CISTI/CAL | Agricola Periodicals | Agricola Books

A Yosemite flora; a descriptive account of the ferns and flowering plants, including the trees, of the Yosemite National Park; with simple keys for their identification. .. by Harvey Monroe Hall and Carlotta Case Hall. San Francisco, Elder, 1912. url p. 148.
A biological survey of the sand dune region on the south shore of Saginaw Bay, Michigan. Prepared under the direction of Alexander G. Ruthven. Lansing, Mich.: Wynkoop, Hallenbeck, Crawford co., state printers, 1911. url p. 101.
A botanical survey of the Sugar Grove region / by Robert F. Griggs. Columbus: Ohio State University, 1914. url p. 317.
A compendium of the flora of the northern and middle states, containing generic and specific descriptions of all the plants, exclusive of the cryptogamia, hitherto found in the United States, north of the Potomac. New York, S. B. Collins, 1826. url p. 254.
A flora of California, by Willis Linn Jepson. San Francisco, Calif., Cunningham, Curtis & Welch, 1909- url p. 403, p. 404.
A guide to the wild flowers east of the Mississippi and north of Virginia / by Norman Taylor. New York: Greenberg, 1928. url p. 144.
A manual of the flora of northern Idaho /Carl Epling and Joe Ewan. 2 1941 1941. url p. 227.
A naturalist in the Great Lakes region, by Elliot Rowland Downing. .. Chicago, Ill., The University of Chicago Press[c1922] url , , , , , p. 136, p. 140, p. 318.
A preliminary catalogue of the flora of Vancouver and Queen Charlotte Islands. Victoria, B.C., Printed by W. H. Cullin, 1921. url p. 55.
A provisional list of the indigenous and naturalized flowering plants of Jamaica, Kingston, Jamaica, Aston W. Gardner & Co., 1893. url .
A spring flora for high schools, New York, Cincinnati [etc.]American Book Company[c1915] url , , .
A spring flora for high schools, by Henry C. Cowles. .. and John G. Coulter. .. New York, American book company[c1915] url p. 17, p. 22, p. 86.
An annotated translation of the part of Schweinitz's two papers giving the rusts of North America / by J.C. Arthur and G.R. Bisby. Philadelphia ?: s.n., 1918? url p. 223, p. 224.
An illustrated flora of the Pacific States: Washington, Oregon, and California. Stanford University, Stanford University Press, 1923-[60] url p. 2, p. 3.
An illustrated flora of the northern United States, Canada and the British possessions: from Newfoundland to the parallel of the southern boundary of Virginia and from the Atlantic Ocean westward to the 102nd meridian / by Nathaniel Lord Britton and Hon. Addison Brown. New York: Scribner, 1913. url p. 426, p. 428, p. 428.
An illustrated guide to the flowering plants of the middle Atlantic and New England states (excepting the grasses and sedges) the descriptive text written in familiar language, by George T. Stevens. .. with more than 1800 illustrations from drawings by the author. New York, Dodd, Mead and company, 1910. url p. 365, p. 367.
Annotated list of the ferns and flowering plants of New York state, by Homer D. House. Albany, The University of the state of New York, 1924. url p. 459.
Annual report / New York State Museum. Albany, N.Y.: University of the State of New York, c1904-1920. url p. 115.
Annual report Missouri Botanical Garden. 19 1908 St. Louis: Board of Trustees, 1890-1912. url p. 179, p. 184, p. 187, p. 187, p. 189, p. 190, p. 199, p. 220.
Annual report of the Commissioner of Agriculture. .. Albany: State of New York, Dept. of Agriculture, 1894-1911. url p. 745.
Annual report of the New Jersey State Museum. Trenton, N.J.: MacCrellish & Quigley, url p. 515, p. 55.
Annual report of the Ohio State Academy of Science. Columbus: The Academy, 1893- url p. 258.
Annual report of the Secretary of the State Board of Agriculture of the State of Michigan. .. Lansing: The Board, 1862- url p. 175.
Annual wholesale catalogue of American trees, shrubs, plants and seeds: cultivated and for sale at the Linn©an Botanic Garden and Nurseries, near New-York / William Prince & Sons, proprietors. New York: s.n., 1832 url p. 200.
Bartonia;proceedings of the Philadelphia botanical club. .. 29 - 41 1957 - 19 Philadelphia, Philadelphia Botanical Club, Academy of Natural Sciences. url p. 10, p. 10, p. 10, p. 20, p. 27, p. 47, p. 69, p. 77, p. 8.
Biologia centrali-americana; or, Contributions to the knowledge of the fauna and flora of Mexico and Central America. London, Pub. for the editors by R. H. Porter and Dulau & co., 1879-88. url .
Botany of the northern and middle states, or, A description of the plants found in the United States, north of Virginia: arranged according to the natural system: with a synopsis of the genera according to the Linnaean system. .. / Albany: Printed by Webster and Skinners. .., 1833. url p. 68.
Britton, N. L. (ed.). North American flora. 6 1922 [New York]New York Botanical Garden. url p. 62, p. 78, p. 8, p. 9.
Budd's flora of the Canadian Prairie Provinces / [Ottawa]: Research Branch, Agriculture Canada, 1987. url p. 504, p. 505.
Bulletin - New York State Museum. Albany: New York State Education Dept. url p. 115, p. 8.
Bulletin / Illinois Natural History Survey. Urbana, State of Illinois, Dept. of Registration and Education, Natural History Survey Division, 1918-1985. url p. 431, p. 510.
Bulletin / New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station. [New Brunswick, N.J.]: The Station, 1880- url p. 208.
Bulletin / Ohio Biological Survey. Columbus, Ohio: Ohio State University, 1913- url p. 171.
Bulletin / U.S. Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Plant Industry. Washington: G.P.O., 1901-1913. url p. 93.
Bulletin from the laboratories of natural history of the State University of Iowa. Iowa City, Iowa: The University, 1888-[1918]. url p. 201, p. 223, p. 49.
Bulletin of miscellaneous information /Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 1923 London: H.M. Stationery Office, 1900-1941. url p. 165.
Bulletin of the Charleston Museum. [Charleston, S.C.: the Museum], 1907-1922. url , p. 62.
Bulletin of the Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History. Bloomington, Ill.: The Laboratory, 1876-1918. url p. 315, p. 361, p. 361, p. 646, p. 646.
Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club. 34 1907 New York: Torrey Botanical Club, 1870-1996 url p. 400, p. 622, p. 625.
Bulletin of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. [Washington, D.C.?]: Supt. of Docs., G.P.O., 1913-1923. url p. 24, p. 29, p. 29, p. 30, p. 5, p. 5.
California art & nature San Diego url .
California fish and game. [San Francisco, etc.]: State of California, Resources Agency, Dept. of Fish and Game. url p. 179.
Catalog of Ohio vascular plants: arranged according to the phyletic classification: with notes on the geographical distribution in the state, based mainly on specimens in the State Herbarium, Botanical Laboratory, the Ohio State Uni by John H. Schaffner. Columbus: Ohio State University, 1914. url p. 171.
Catalog of hymenoptera in America north of Mexico / prepared cooperatively by specialists on the various groups of Hymenoptera under the direction of Karl V. Krombein. .. [et al.]. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1979- url p. 1809.
Catalogue of scientific papers (1800-1900) Comp. by the Royal society of London. Cambridge, C. J. Clay and sons, 1867-1902; url p. 266.
Catalogue of scientific papers, 1800-1900. Compiled by the Royal Society of London. London, C.J. Clay and Sons, 1867-1902 [etc.] Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1914-25. url p. 266.
Catalogue of the flowering plants and ferns of Connecticut growing without cultivation / by Charles Burr Graves. .. [et al.]; Committee of the Connecticut Botanical Society. Hartford: Printed for the State Geological and Natural History Survey, 1910. url p. 261.
Chamber's encyclopaedia, a dictionary of universal knowledge. London, Chambers, 1902. url p. 166.
Contributions from the Botanical Laboratory. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1892- url , .
Contributions from the New York Botanical Garden. New York: The Garden, 1899- url p. 551.
Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 21 1919 Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1890- url p. 191, p. 336, p. 337, p. 378, p. 379, p. 489, p. 531, p. 564, p. 583, p. 593.
Cultures of Uredineae 1899-1921. n.p., n.d. url p. 322.
Elementary flora of the Northwest, by Theodore C. Frye. .. and George B. Rigg. .. Cincinnati [etc.]American book company[c1914] url p. 143.
Erigenia: journal of the Illinois Native Plant Society. Carbondale, Ill.: The Society, 1982- url p. 17, p. 31, p. 47, p. 59.
Experimental pollination; an outline of the ecology of flowers and insects, by Frederic E. Clements and Frances L. Long. Washington, Carnegie Institution of Washington, 1923. url p. 40.
Farmer's cyclopedia: a compilation of such bulletins and reports as are indispensable to the practical farmer. Garden City, N. Y.: Doubleday, Page, 1914. url p. 155.
Field book of American wild flowers; being a short description of their character and habits, a concise definition of their colors, and incidental references to the insects which assist in their fertilization, by F. Schuyler Mathews. 1912 New York, Putnam, [1912] url p. 577.
Fieldbook of Illinois wild flowers; six hundred fifty of the more common flowering plants in the state. Urbana, 1936. url p. 177, p. 177.
Flora Malesiana. general editor, C.G.G.J. van Steenis. Djakarta: Noordhoff-Kolff, 1950- url p. 445.
Flora Peoriana; the vegetation in the climate of middle Illinois. Peoria, Ill., J. W. Franks & Sons, 1887. url , p. 83.
Flora of Bermuda. .. by Nathaniel Lord Britton. .. New York, C. Scribner's sons, 1918. url p. 191.
Flora of Bermuda... by Nathaniel Lord Britton... New York, Scribner, 1918. url p. 191.
Flora of Delaware and the Eastern Shore: an annotated list of the ferns and flowering plants of the peninsula of Delaware, Maryland and Virginia. [Wilmington]: Society of Natural History of Delaware, 1946. url p. 162.
Flora of Illinois, containing keys for identification of flowering plants and ferns. Notre Dame, Ind., University of Notre Dame Press, 1963. url p. 99.
Flora of Indiana, by Charles C. Deam. Indianapolis, Wm. B. Burford printing co., contractor for state printing and binding, 1940. url p. 624, p. 625.
Flora of Jamaica, containing descriptions of the flowering plants known from the island, by William Fawcett and Alfred Barton Rendle. London.Printed by order of the Trustees of the British Museum, 1910- url p. 155.
Flora of Lancaster County: being descriptions of the seed-plants growing naturally in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania / by John Kunkel Small and Joel Jackson Carter. New York: The authors, 1913. url p. 171.
Flora of Los Angeles and vicinity / by LeRoy Abrams. Stanford University, Cal. 1917. url p. 207.
Flora of Nebraska; a list of the ferns, conifers and flowering plants of the state with keys for their determination. Plainview, Neb., 1923 url p. 90.
Flora of Peru / by J. Francis Macbride. 13 1949 Chicago, [Ill.]: Field Museum of Natural History, [1949] url p. 517.
Flora of West Virginia, by Charles Frederick Millspaugh and Lawrence William Nuttall. 1 1896 Chicago, 1896. url p. 213.
Flora of southeastern Washington and adjacent Idaho / by Charles V. Piper and R. Kent Beattie. Lancaster, Pa.: New Era, 1914. url p. 155.
Flora of southern British Columbia and Vancouver Island: with many references to Alaska and northern species / by Joseph Kaye Henry. Toronto: W.J. Gage, c1915. url p. 198.
Flora of the Black Hills of South Dakota. By P.A. Rydberg. Washington, Govt. Print. Off., 1896. url p. 489.
Flora of the District of Columbia and vicinity. By A.S. Hitchcock and Paul C. Standley, with the assistance of the botanists of Washington. WashingtonGovt. print. off.1919 url p. 191.
Flora of the Indiana dunes, a handbook of the flowering plants and ferns of the lake Michigan Coast of Indiana and of the Calumet District, by Donald Culross Peattie. Chicago, Field Museum of Natural History, 1930. url p. 245.
Flora of the Rocky Mountains and adjacent plains, Colorado, Utah, Wyoming, Idaho, Montana, Saskatchewan, Alberta, and neighboring parts of Nebraska, South Dakota, North Dakota, and British Columbia / by P.A. Rydberg. New York: The author, 1922. url p. 530, p. 531.
Flora of the northwest coast, including the area west of the summit of the Cascade Mountains, from the forty-ninth parallel south to the Calapooia Mountains on the south border of Lane County, Oregon. Lancaster, Pa., Press of the New Era Printing Company, 1915. url , .
Flora of the northwest coast: including the area west of the summit of the Cascade Mountains, from the forty-ninth parallel south to the Calapooia Mountains on the south border of Lane County, Oregon / by Charles V. Piper and R. Kent Beattie. Lancaster, Pa.: Press of the New era printing company, 1915. url p. 229.
Flora of the southeastern Washington and adjacent Idaho, Lancaster, Pa., Press of the New Era Printing Company, 1914. url .
Flora of the state of Washington / by Charles V. Piper. Washington: G.P.O., 1906 url p. 378, p. 379.
Flora of the state of Washington. By Charles V. Piper. Washington, Govt. Print. Off., 1906. url p. 378, p. 379.
Flora of the vicinity of New York; a contribution to plant geography. [New York]1915 url p. 414.
Florida wild flowers; an introduction to the flora of the Florida peninsula, by Mary Francis Baker, photographs by the author. New York, The Macmillan company, 1926. url p. 246.
Flowers and insects; lists of visitors of four hundred and fifty-three flowers, by Charles Robertson. Carlinville, Ill., n.p.1928. url p. 109.
Geology of the county of Cape May, state of New Jersey. Trenton, Printed at the office of the True American, 1857. url p. 150.
Gray's new manual of botany (7th ed.--illustrated) A handbook of the flowering plants and ferns of the central and northeastern United States and adjacent Canada, Cincinnati [etc.]American book company[c1908] url p. 535.
Gray's new manual of botany, a handbook of the flowering plants and ferns of the central and northeastern United States and adjacent Canada, rearranged and extensively revised by Benjamin Lincoln Robinson. .. and Merritt Lyndon Fernald. .. New York, Cincinnati [etc.]American Book Co.[c1908] url p. 535.
Great Basin naturalist memoirs. 1987 [Provo, Utah]Brigham Young University, 1976-1992. url p. 313.
Hand-list of herbaceous plants cultivated in the Royal Botanic Gardens. London, Printed for H. M. Stationery Off. by Darling, 1902. url p. 507.
Harper's guide to wild flowers, by Mrs. Caroline A. Creevey. New York, Harper, 1912. url p. 480, p. 504, p. 531.
Hill prairies of Illinois. Urbana, 1955. url p. 405, p. 431.
Hooker, W. J. Botanical miscellany. 1 1830 London: J. Murray, 1830-1833. url p. 180.
Hortus Kewensis, or, A catalogue of the plants cultivated in the Royal Botanic Garden at Kew /by William Aiton. .. 2 1789 London: Printed for George Nicol, Bookseller to his Majesty, 1789. url p. 437.
Illinois River Bluffs area assessment / Illinois Department of Natural Resources, Office of Scientific Research and Analysis, [and the] State Geological Survey Division. Springfield, Ill.: Illinois Dept. of Natural Resources, 1998- url p. 173, p. 180.
Journal kept by David Douglas during his travels in North America 1823-1827, together with a particular description of thirty-three species of American oaks and eighteen species of Pinus, with appendices containing a list of the plants introduced by Douglas and an account of h London: W. Wesley & Son, 1914. url p. 329.
Journal of mycology. Manhattan, Kan.: [s.n.], 1885-1908. url p. 271.
Journal of the Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society. Chapel Hill, N.C. [etc.]Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society [etc.] url p. 138, p. 138, p. 138.
Journal of the Kentucky Academy of Science. Lexington, KY: The Academy, 1998- url p. 46.
Key to the Rocky Mountain flora. Colorado, Utah, Wyoming, Idaho, Montana, Saskatchewan, Alberta, and parts of Nebraska, South Dakota, North Dakota, and British Columbia. New York, [c1919] url .
Key to the Rocky Mountain flora; Colorado, Utah, Wyoming, Idaho, Montana, Saskatchewan, Alberta, and parts of Nebraska, South Dakota, North Dakota, and British Columbia. New York, 1919. url p. 148.
Lake Maxinkuckee. A physical and biological survey by Barton Warren Evermann and Howard Walton Clark. [Indianapolis]Dept. of Conservation, State of Indiana [Wm. B. Burford, printer]1920. url p. 348.
Lake Maxinkuckee. a physical and biological survey by Barton Warren Evermann and Howard Walton Clark. [Indianapolis, Wm. B. Burford, printer]1920. url p. 348.
Lake Superior. [With a narrative of the tour by J. Elliot Cabot. Huntington, N.Y.]R. E. Krieger Pub. Co., 1974 [c1850] url p. 156.
Lake Superior: its physical character, vegetation, and animals, compared with those of other and similar regions. By Louis Agassiz. With a narrative of the tour, by J. Elliot Cabot. And contributions by other scientific gentlemen. .. Boston, Gould, Kendall and Lincoln, 1850. url p. 156, p. 156.
Leaflets of western botany. San Fransisco:[J. T. Howell], 1932-1966. url p. 20, p. 295, p. 66.
Manual of the flowering plants of Iowa. [Lamoni, Iowa]Privately published, 1899. url .
Manual of the southeastern flora: being descriptions of the seed plants growing naturally in Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, eastern Louisiana, Tennessee, North Carolina, South Carolina and Georgia. 1933 New York: The author, 1933. url p. 744.
Minnesota botanical studies. Minneapolis, Geological and Natural History Survey of Minnesota. url p. 551.
Miscellaneous publication - University of Kansas, Museum of Natural History. 1967 Lawrence: University of Kansas, 1946-1996. url p. 10, p. 10, p. 48.
Miscellaneous studies in agriculture and biology. BerkeleyUniversity of California Press1919 url p. 85, p. 85.
Narrative of an expedition through the upper Mississippi to Itasca Lake, the actual source of this river embracing an exploratory trip through the St. Croix and Burntwood (or Broule) rivers in 1832, under the direction of Henry R. Schoolcraft. New York: Harper & Brothers, 1834. url .
National Arboretum contribution. Washington, D.C.: The Arboretum: 1953- url p. 27.
Natural area inventory of Pender County, North Carolina / Raleigh: North Carolina Coastal Energy Impact Program, Office of Coastal Management, North Carolina Dept. of Natural Resources and Community Development, [1982?] url p. 156.
Natural areas inventory of Carteret County, North Carolina: for the North Carolina Natural Heritage Program, Coastal Natural Area Inventory Project / [Raleigh]: N.C. Coastal Energy Impact Program, Office of Coastal Management, N.C. Dept. of Natural Resources and Community Development, [1983]. url p. 140.
New manual of botany of the central Rocky mountains (vascular plants) Cincinnati [etc.]American Book Company[c1909] url .
New manual of botany. A handbook of the flowering plants and ferns of the central and northeastern United States and adjacent Canada, rearr. and extensively rev. by Benjamin Lincoln Robinson and Merritt Lyndon Fernald. New YorkAmerican Book Co.[c1908] url p. 535.
Occasional papers - San Diego Society of Natural History. San Diego, The Society. url p. 80.
Occasional papers of Bernice P. Bishop Museum. Honolulu, Bishop Museum Press, 1898-1984. url p. 29, p. 29, p. 337, p. 37, p. 37.
Occasional papers. Honolulu, Bishop Museum Press. url p. 29, p. 337, p. 337, p. 337, p. 337, p. 37.
Pamphlets on forestry in California. [1900?- url p. 103.
Phytologia. Bronx Park, New York, H.A. Gleason and H.N. Moldenke, url p. 141, p. 203, p. 213, p. 22, p. 33, p. 348, p. 395, p. 40, p. 43, p. 50, p. 56, p. 59, p. 85.
Plant life of Alabama, an account of the distribution, modes of association, and adaptations of the flora of Alabama, together with a systematic catalogue of the plants growing in the state. By Charles Mohr. .. Montgomery, Ala., Brown printing co., 1901. url p. 153, p. 583, p. 874.
Plant life of Alabama. An account of the distribution, modes of association, and adaptations of the flora of Alabama, together with a systematic catalogue of the plants growing in the state. Prepared in cooperationwith the Washington, Govt. Print. Off., 1901. url , .
Plant life of Alabama: an account of the distribution, modes of association, and adaptations of the flora of Alabama, together with a systematic catalogue of the plants growing in the state / by Charles Mohr. Montgomery, Ala.: Brown Printing Co., 1901. url p. 583, p. 874.
Plants of Iowa; a preliminary list of the native and introduced plants of the state, not under cultivation; comp. by Wesley Greene, secretary. Des Moines, Bishard brothers, printers, 1907. url p. 186, p. 186, p. 25, p. 25.
Preliminary report of explorations in Nebraska and Dakota, in the years 1855-'56-'57, by Lieut. G.K. Warren, Topographical Engineers. .. Washington, Govt. Print. Off., 1875. url p. 112.
Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. Philadelphia, Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia url p. 662, p. 832.
Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society held at Philadelphia for promoting useful knowledge. Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society url p. 223, p. 223, p. 224.
Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. Washington, Biological Society of Washington url p. 1000, p. 1010, p. 127, p. 216.
Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, 4th series. San Francisco, California Academy of Sciences. url p. 629.
Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington. Washington, etc.: Entomological Society of Washington url p. 227, p. 849, p. 853, p. 855, p. 858.
Proceedings of the Indiana Academy of Science. Indianapolis, Ind.[s.n.] url p. 144, p. 176.
Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales. Sydney, Linnean Society of New South Wales. url p. 332, p. 346, p. 352.
Psyche. Cambridge, Mass.: Cambridge Entomological Club url p. 169.
Reevaluation of vegetational characteristics at the CERC Field Research Facility, Duck, North Carolina / by Richard L. Harris, Gerald F. Levy, and James E. Perry; prepared for U.S. Army, Corps of Engineers, Coastal Engineering Research Center. Fort Belvoir, Va.: National Technical Information Service, Operations Division [distributor, 1983] url p. 31.
Report of the Geological Survey of Ohio. Columbus, Nevins & Myers, state printers, 1873-93. url .
Report of the Michigan Academy of Science. Lansing, Mich.: The Academy, 1904-1916. url p. 175.
Report of the State Botanist. Albany, N.Y.: University of the State of New York, 1898-1925. url , p. 115, p. 8.
Report on the scientific results of the voyage of H.M.S. Challenger during the years 1873-76: under the command of Captain George S. Nares, R.N., F.R.S. and Captain Frank Turle Thomson, R.N. / prepared under the superintendence of Sir C. Wyville Thomson. Edinburgh: Neill, 1880-1895. url p. 24.
Reports of explorations and surveys, to ascertain the most practicable and economical route for a railroad from the Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean. Made under the direction of the secretary of war, in 1853-[6]. .. Washington, A.O.P. Nicholson, Printer [etc.]1855-60. url p. 57.
Reports of the Survey. Botanical series. Minneapolis [etc.]1892- url p. 333, p. 686, p. 687.
Rydberg, P. A. Flora of the Rocky Mountains and adjacent plains, Colorado, Utah, Wyoming, Idaho, Montana, Saskatchewan, Alberta, and neighboring parts of Nebraska, South Dakota, and British Columbia /by P. A. Rydberg... 1917 New York: The author, 1917. url p. 530, p. 531.
Selected western flora: Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta / Toronto: Macmillan Company of Canada, [c1915] url .
Sensitive plant species survey, Ashland District, Custer National Forest, Powder River and Rosebud Counties, Montana / by Bonnie L. Heidel and Hollis Marriott; for Custer National Forest. Helena, MT: Montana Natural Heritage Program, [1996] url .
Sensitive plant surveys in the Big Belt and Elkhorn Mountains, U.S.D.A. Forest Service, Region 1, Helena National Forest, Montana / prepared by Jackie M. Poole and Bonnie L. Heidel; prepared for Helena National Forest. Helena, Mont.: Montana Natural Heritage Program, [1993] url .
Studies in natural history. Iowa City, Ia. url p. 178, p. 223, p. 31.
Summary narrative of an exploratory expedition to the sources of the Mississippi River, in 1820: resumed and completed, by the discovery of its origin in Itasca Lake, in 1832. By authority of the United States. With appendices, comprising. .. all of the official reports and scientific papers of b By Henry R. Schoolcraft. Philadelphia, Lippincott, Grambo, and co., 1855. url p. 522.
Syllogeus. Ottawa, National Museum of Natural Sciences, 1972-1995. url p. 43.
The American midland naturalist. Notre Dame, Ind., University of Notre Dame. url , p. 104, p. 58.
The American natural history: a foundation of useful knowledge of the higher animals of North America / William T. Hornaday. .. illustrated by 225 original drawings. .. 151 photographs. .. and with numerous charts and maps. New York: C. Scribner's sons, 1914. url p. 95.
The American natural history; a foundation of useful knowledge of the higher animals of North America, New York, C. Scribner's Sons, 1914. url .
The Canadian field-naturalist. Ottawa, Ottawa Field-Naturalists' Club. url p. 152, p. 168, p. 178, p. 179, p. 574, p. 726, p. 84.
The Great Basin naturalist. 34 1974 Provo, Utah: M.L. Bean Life Science Museum, Brigham Young University, 1939-1999. url p. 299, fig. 3, page 301, p. 302, p. 304, p. 35, p. 397.
The Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science: JIAS. Cedar Falls, Iowa: The Academy, 1988- url p. 139.
The Magazine of horticulture, botany, and all useful discoveries and improvements in rural affairs. Boston: Hovey and Co., 1837- url p. 120.
The Metaspermae of the Minnesota Valley: a list of the higher seed-producing plants indigenous to the drainage-basin of the Minnesota River / by Conway MacMillan. Minneapolis: Geological and Natural History Survey of Minnesota, 1892. url p. 686, p. 687, p. 787.
The Metaspermae of the Minnesota valley; a list of the higher seed-producing plants indigenous to the drainage-basin of the Minnesota river. Minneapolis[Harrison & Smith, State Printers]1892 url p. 333, p. 686, p. 687, p. 787.
The Natural history of the Toronto Region, Ontario, Canada / edited by J.H. Faull. -- Toronto: Canadian Institute, 1913. url .
The Ohio journal of science. Columbus, Ohio, The Ohio State University and the Ohio Academy of Science url p. 188, p. 291.
The Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science. Des moines, Iowa: The Academy, [1889-1987] url p. 139, p. 288.
The Queensland flora: Queensland, Printed by H. J. Diddams & co., 1899-1902. url .
The flora of the Palouse region. Containing descriptions of all the Spermatophytes and Pteridophytes known to grow wild in the area within 35 kilometers of Pullman, Washington. By Charles V. Piper and R. Kent Beattie. Pullman, Washington Agricultural College and School of Science, 1901. url p. 109.
The flora of the town of Southold, Long Island, and Gardiner's Island / New York: Torrey Botanical Club, 1914? url p. 121.
The gardener's magazine and register of rural & domestic improvement. London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown and Green, 1826-1844. url p. 608.
The natural history of Washington territory, with much relating to Minnesota, Nebraska, Kansas, Oregon, and California, between the thirty-sixth and forty-ninth parallels of latitude, being those parts of the final reports on the survey of the N By J. G. Cooper, M. D., and Dr. G. Suckley. .. This edition contains a new preface, giving a sketch of the explorations, a classified table of contents, and the latest additions by the authors. With f London, Baillière brothers, 1859. url p. 53.
The natural history of the Toronto region, Ontario, Canada / edited by J.H. Faull. Toronto: Canadian Institute, 1913. url p. 123.
The parasitic fungi of New Jersey / by Carl A. Schwarze. New Brunswick: New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Stations, 1917. url p. 208.
The plant life of Maryland, by Forrest Shreve [et al.] Baltimore, Johns Hopkins Press, 1910. url p. 449.
The plants of Michigan; simple keys for the identification of the native seed plants of the state, by Henry Allan Gleason. Ann Arbor, G. Wahr, c1918. url p. 65.
The plants of Southern New Jersey with especial reference to the flora of the pine barrens and the geographic distribution of the species. Trenton, N. J., 1911. url , , .
The plants of Southern New Jersey; with especial reference to the flora of the Pine Barrens and the geographic distribution of the species. Trenton, 1911. url p. 514.
The plants of southern New Jersey; with especial reference to the flora of the pine barrens and the geographic distribution of the species. Trenton, 1911. url p. 515.
The rusts of Australia their structure, nature and classification / by D. McAlpine. Melbourne: Robt. S. Brain, government printer1906. url p. 180.
The rusts of Australia, their structure, nature, and classification. Melbourne, Brain, 1906. url p. 180.
The weed flora of Iowa / [by L. H. Pammel; with the collaboration of Charlotte M. King. .. et al.] Des Moines: Iowa Geological Survey, 1913. url p. 555, p. 556.
The weed flora of Iowa Des Moines, Iowa geological survey, 1913. url .
Torreya. Burlington, Vt., Torrey Botanical Club, 1901-1945. url p. 10, p. 121, p. 130, p. 132, p. 149, p. 164, p. 174, p. 191, p. 227, p. 235, p. 278, p. 304, p. 65, p. 90.
Transactions and proceedings of the New Zealand Institute. Wellington: New Zealand Institute. url p. 242, p. 95, p. 95.
Transactions of the Academy of Science of St. Louis. [St. Louis: Academy of Science of St. Louis], 1860-1958. url p. 105, p. 262, p. 262, p. 263, p. 263.
Transactions of the Canadian Institute. Toronto: Canadian Institute. url p. 202.
Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science. Topeka, Kan.: W.Y. Morgan, 1903- url p. 199.
Transactions of the Kentucky Academy of Science. [Lexington, Ky.]Kentucky Academy of Science, 1923-1997. url p. 103, p. 146, p. 148, p. 23, p. 234, p. 27, p. 42, p. 67, p. 83, p. 93.
Transactions of the Maryland Academy of Sciences. Baltimore: The Academy, 1901-[1921] url p. 70.
Transactions of the Tennessee Academy of Science. Nashville, Williams printing company[1914-17] url p. 82.
Transactions of the. .. annual meetings of the Kansas Academy of Science. Topeka, Kan.: Kansas Pub. House, 1883-1901. url p. 107, p. 189, p. 194, p. 82.
Transactions. Columbus, Ohio [etc.] url p. 248.
Tulane studies in zoology and botany. 24 1983 New Orleans: Tulane University, [1968- url p. 122.
Vascular plants of the Sangamon River basin; annotated checklist and ecological summary [by] Almut G. Jones and David T. Bell. [Urbana], University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, College of Agriculture, [1974] url p. 38, p. 6.
Watson, S. Botany /by Sereno Watson, aided by Daniel C. Eaton, and others. 5 1871 Washington, D.C.: G.P.O., 1871. url p. 50.
Weeds of the North Central States. Urbana, Ill: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, College of Agriculture, Agricultural Experiment Station, [1981] url p. 112, p. 262, p. 271, p. 300.
Weeds of the farm and garden, by L.H. Pammel. .. New York, Orange Judd, 1912. url , p. 59.
Wholesale catalogue of American trees, shrubs, plants, and seeds, cultivated and for sale at the Linn©an Botanic Garden and nurseries, near New-York. William Prince, proprietor. .. New-York, Printed by T. and J. Swords, 1827. url p. 151.
Wild flowers of New York, by Homer D. House. Albany, The University of the state of New York, 1918. url p. 156, p. 156.
Wild flowers of the North American mountains. New York, McBride, 1917. url p. 222, p. 25, p. 372.
Wild flowers; New York, Macmillan Co., 1934. url .
Zoe:a biological journal. 2 1892 San Diego, Calif. [etc.]Zoe Publishing Co. url p. 344.
[Collected reprints, 1895-1916. s.l., s.n., 19--] url .

Notes

[ Back to top ]

Contributors

Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed April 30, 2012.
Geranium Taxonomic Information System 2006.
"Geranium carolinianum". in Flora of China Vol. 11 Page 8, 11, 14. Published by Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed November 14, 2007. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 13 providers.
Light, Kris. East Tennessee Wildflowers
RJB Geranium: Geranium Taxonomic Information System. Release date: May 27, 2008
RJB Geranium
Ruggiero M., Gordon D., Bailly N., Kirk P., Nicolson D. (2011). The Catalogue of Life Taxonomic Classification, Edition 2, Part A. In: Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist (Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D., eds). DVD; Species 2000: Reading, UK.
The International Plant Names Index. Accessed Dec 27, 2011.
USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. URL (April 28, 2008)

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 14, 2007:

Missouri Botanical Garden, Missouri Botanical Garden
Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, Vascular Plant Herbarium, Oslo
Oregon State University, Vascular Plant Collection
USDA PLANTS, USDA PLANTS Database
University of Alabama Biodiversity and Systematics, Herbarium

Identifiers

Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2652470
Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: Ger-65
Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 14714276
Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:372871-1
GRIN Nomen Number: 403
Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 29105
International Plant Names Index (IPNI) ID: 320496-2
Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: PDGER02073 PDGER02070
U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: GECAC GECA
Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 40633

Footnotes

Yasin J Nasir "Geranium". in Flora of Pakistan . Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
"Geranium carolinianum". in Flora of China Vol. 11 Page 8, 11, 14. Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
Mean = 249.000 meters (816.929 feet), Standard Deviation = 311.270 based on 1,126 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]

Geranium carolinianum

Overview

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Description

Genus Geranium

Physical Description

Species Geranium carolinianum

Size/Age/Growth

Habitat

Biology

Reproduction

Growth

Taxonomy

Synonyms

Notes

Similar Species

Members of the genus Geranium

More Info

Further Reading

Notes

Contributors

Data Sources

Identifiers

Footnotes