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Garcinia xanthochymus

(False Mangosteen)

Overview

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Interesting Facts

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Common Names

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Click on the language to view common names.

Common Names in Assamese:

Dampel, Tamal Hindi Tepor, Tepor Tenga, Tezpur

Common Names in Chinese:

Da Ye Teng Huang

Common Names in English:

False Mangosteen, Gamboge, Garcinia, Himalayan Garcinia, Mysore Gamboge, Sour Mangosteen, Yellow Mangosteen

Common Names in French:

Gamboge Des Teinturiers, Mangoustan Amer

Common Names in Hindi:

Jharambi, Tamal, Tumul

Common Names in Informal Latinized N:

Garcinia

Common Names in Kannada:

Devagarike, Devajarige, Devangi, Gansargi, Hiraykanagilu, Hirekanigu, Janagijavangi, Jorige Julimara, Moogurchi

Common Names in Malayalam:

Pinar

Common Names in Sanskrit:

Bhavishya, Kalakhanda, Kusumodar, Pichchalabija, Samputanga, Tamala, Vakrashodana, Vamala, Vamalaki, Vapinjha

Common Names in Sinhalese:

Cochin Goraka, Rata Goraka

Common Names in Tamil:

Pacchilai, Paccilai, Pachilai

Common Names in Telugu:

Cikatimranu, Ivarumamidi, Memaditamalamu, Sikatimramu, Sitakamraku, Tamalamu

Common Names in Thai:

Cha Kha Sa (Karen), Mada (Northern Thailand), Mada Luang (Chiang Mai)

Description

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Genus Garcinia

Trees or shrubs , usually with yellow latex. Terminal bud functional; buds usually lacking scales . Leaves opposite [or rarely whorled ], very rarely stipulate , petiolate , entire, leathery to papery , usually glabrous ; secondary veins usually prominent , numerous to few, oblique to perpendicular to midvein ; tertiary veins reticulate, with adaxial brownish transvenous resin canals [or much branched] and abaxial linear [to punctiform or much branched] or intervenous translucent glands ; petiole often with basal liguliform appendage . Plant functionally dioecious (sometimes apparently flowers bisexual or plant monoecious), flowers in terminal and/or axillary cymes (often thyrsiform), triads or fascicles, or paired or solitary. Sepals [2 or 3 or]4 or 5, decussate or imbricate (quincuncial), free [or very rarely completely connate in bud]. Petals [3 or]4 or 5[-8], fascicles each with many to few stamens with filaments almost free to completely united , or ± completely connate [or adnate to petals], with anthers 1, 2, 4 or many-celled, basifixed or variously united; fasciclodes (sterile stamen fascicles) 4 or 5, antisepalous and free or ± united or absent; pistillode present or absent. Female flowers: staminode fascicles as for staminate flowers but smaller or staminodes apparently free; fasciclodes free as in male flower but smaller or united in a ring at base of ovary or absent; stigmas free or ± united, peltate, 2-5-lobed or entire. Berry smooth or sulcate [or verrucose or rarely secondarily dehiscent ], with leathery to thin exocarp and 1-5 or sometimes more seeds embedded in endocarpic pulp. Seeds large; hypocotyl massive.

About 450 species: tropical and S Africa, Madagascar, tropical Asia, NE Australia, W Polynesia, tropical America; 20 species (13 endemic, one introduced ) in China.

The fruit of most species in this genus are edible, among them, those of Garcinia mangostana are famous. The seeds yield more than 15% oil . The yellow resin of some species is used as a medicine. Species like G. hanburyi J. D. Hooker provide medicinal resin and yellow dyes of the best quality. The timber of many species is used for building houses or making furniture.[1]

Physical Description

Species Garcinia xanthochymus

Trees 8-10 m tall, 15-45 cm in diam. Bark gray-brown. Branches numerous , slender, decussate, horizontal but usually ± distally pendulous, twigs distinctly angled . Petiole robust , V-shaped and somewhat clasping at base , 1.5-2.5 cm, angled and transversely wrinkled when dry, those of terminal 1 or 2 pairs on branchlet usually rose-colored; leaf blade shiny, elliptic or oblong to oblong-lanceolate, (14-) 20-34 × (4-) 6-12 cm, thickly leathery, midvein robust, raised on both surfaces; veins dense, to 35-40 pairs, near margin arching and anastomosing; tertiary veins and veinlets conspicuous , base ± broadly cuneate, margin involute, apex acute to obtuse , rarely acuminate. Corymbose cyme (2-) 5-10(-14) -flowered, arising from leafless axils; peduncle 6-12 mm. Pedicels 1.8-3 cm. Flowers 5-merous, only female observed. Sepals and petals 3 large and 2 small, apparently ciliate . Staminode fascicles 5, ca. 3 mm, complanate , united below, upper parts free , each fascicle with 2-5 staminodes; fasciclodes 5, square , ca. 1 mm, strongly rugose . Ovary globose , usually 5-loculed; style short, ca. 1 mm; stigma peltate, apex concave , (3-) 5-cleft. Mature berry yellow, globose or ovoid , sometimes oblique , 3-5 cm in diam., smooth or sometimes with orbicular lenticels , apiculate , sepals and staminal bundles usually persistent . Seeds 1-4, oblong or ovoid; testa brown, smooth. Fl. Mar-May, fr. Aug-Nov. 2n = 72, 80, 96. [source]

Some scholars have reduced Garcinia pictoria Buchanan-Hamilton (Mem. Wern. Nat. Hist. Soc. 5: 346. 1826) to this species; however, G. pictoria Buchanan-Hamilton has 4-merous, solitary, sessile flowers, 4-cleft stigmas, and 4-angled fruit, so it is regarded as distinct . [source]

Habit: Evergreen .

Size/Age/Growth

Size: 20-30' tall.

Habitat

Dense humid forests of valleys or on hills ; (100-)600-1000(-1400) m [2].

Biology

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Growth

Culture: Space 20-30' apart.

Soil: Minimum pH: 5.6 • Maximum pH: 7.5

Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Sun to Partial Shade.

Temperature: Cold Hardiness: 10b, 11. (map)

Taxonomy

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Synonyms

G. tinctoria (Candolle) Dunn (1915) • G. tinctoria W. Wight (1909) • Garcinia pictoria (Roxburgh) Engler (1925) • Rheedia acuminata (Spreng.) Triana & Planch. • Rheedia madruno (Kunth) Planchon & Triana • Rheedia portoricensis Urban • X. tinctorius Candolle. • Xanthochymus pictorius Roxb. • Xanthochymus pictorius Roxburgh

Notes

Publishing author : Hook.f. Publication : Fl. Brit . India [J. D. Hooker] i. 269.

Similar Species

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Members of the genus Garcinia

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 20 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus:

G. capuronii (Tin Can Bay Whiting) · G. dulcis (Gourka) · G. hanburyi (Hanbury's Garcinia) · G. hessii (Lemon Saptree) · G. hombroniana (Luli) · G. indica (Garcinia) · G. intermedia (Monkey Fruit) · G. kola (Garcinia) · G. lateriflora (Garcinia) · G. livingstonei (African Mangosteen) · G. lowryi (Clanwilliam Redfin) · G. mangostana (Manggis) · G. morella (Ceylon Camboge) · G. multiflora (Garcinia) · G. myrtifolia (Garcinia) · G. portoricensis (Bakupari) · G. prainiana (Button Mangosteen) · G. schomburgkiana (Madan) · G. spicata (Gamboge Tree) · G. xanthochymus (False Mangosteen)

More Info

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Further Reading

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Notes

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Contributors

Identifiers

Footnotes

  1. Xi-wen Li, Jie Li & Peter Stevens "Garcinia". in Flora of China Vol. 13 Page 1, 40. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
  2. "Garcinia xanthochymus". in Flora of China Vol. 13 Page 41, 42. Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
Last Revised: 7/15/2012