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Garcinia multiflora

(Garcinia)

Interesting Facts

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Common Names

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Click on the language to view common names.

Common Names in English:

Garcinia

Common Names in Informal Latinized N:

Garcinia

Common Names in Vietnamese:

Cây Gióc

Description

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Genus Garcinia

Trees or shrubs , usually with yellow latex. Terminal bud functional; buds usually lacking scales . Leaves opposite [or rarely whorled ], very rarely stipulate , petiolate , entire, leathery to papery , usually glabrous ; secondary veins usually prominent , numerous to few, oblique to perpendicular to midvein ; tertiary veins reticulate, with adaxial brownish transvenous resin canals [or much branched] and abaxial linear [to punctiform or much branched] or intervenous translucent glands ; petiole often with basal liguliform appendage . Plant functionally dioecious (sometimes apparently flowers bisexual or plant monoecious), flowers in terminal and/or axillary cymes (often thyrsiform), triads or fascicles, or paired or solitary. Sepals [2 or 3 or]4 or 5, decussate or imbricate (quincuncial), free [or very rarely completely connate in bud]. Petals [3 or]4 or 5[-8], fascicles each with many to few stamens with filaments almost free to completely united , or ± completely connate [or adnate to petals], with anthers 1, 2, 4 or many-celled, basifixed or variously united; fasciclodes (sterile stamen fascicles) 4 or 5, antisepalous and free or ± united or absent; pistillode present or absent. Female flowers: staminode fascicles as for staminate flowers but smaller or staminodes apparently free; fasciclodes free as in male flower but smaller or united in a ring at base of ovary or absent; stigmas free or ± united, peltate, 2-5-lobed or entire. Berry smooth or sulcate [or verrucose or rarely secondarily dehiscent ], with leathery to thin exocarp and 1-5 or sometimes more seeds embedded in endocarpic pulp. Seeds large; hypocotyl massive.

About 450 species: tropical and S Africa, Madagascar, tropical Asia, NE Australia, W Polynesia, tropical America; 20 species (13 endemic, one introduced ) in China.

The fruit of most species in this genus are edible, among them, those of Garcinia mangostana are famous. The seeds yield more than 15% oil . The yellow resin of some species is used as a medicine. Species like G. hanburyi J. D. Hooker provide medicinal resin and yellow dyes of the best quality. The timber of many species is used for building houses or making furniture.[1]

Physical Description

Species Garcinia multiflora

Trees , rarely shrubs , (3-) 5-15 m tall, 20-40 cm in diam. Bark gray, scabrid . Twigs gray, angled . Petiole 0.6-1.2 cm; leaf blade abaxially glaucous-green or brown when dry, ovate , oblong-ovate, or oblong-obovate, 7-16(-20) × 3-6 cm, thinly leathery, midvein raised abaxially, impressed adaxially; secondary veins 10-15 pairs, slender, joining near leaf margin; tertiary veins and veinlets inconspicuous adaxially, base cuneate or broadly cuneate, margin somewhat recurved, apex acute, acuminate, or obtuse . Plant monoecious. Male flowers sometimes solitary, sometimes in a thyrse 5-7 cm, 2-3 cm in diam.; pedicels 0.8-1.5 cm; sepals 2 large, 2 small; petals orange, obovate , 1-5 × as long as sepals; stamen fascicles stalk 2-3 mm, each fascicle with 50 anthers ; anthers aggregated into a head , 2-celled, cells longitudinally dehiscent ; pistillode columnar ; stigma distinctly peltate, 4-lobed. Female flowers 1-5; staminode fascicles short, stalk ca. 1.5 mm, shorter than pistil; ovary oblong , wider in upper half, 2-loculed; stigma sessile, peltate, large, thick. Mature fruit yellow, ovoid to obovoid , 3-5 × 2.5-3 cm, smooth . Seeds 1 or 2, oblong, 2-2.5 cm. Fl. Jun-Aug, fr. Nov-Dec, flowers and fruit appear occasionally at same time. [source]

This is a widely adaptable species growing in various habitats and at various elevations . [source]

Habitat

Open or dense forests on mountain slopes , valley margins , secondary forests, thickets; (100-)400-1200(-1900) m [2].

Typically found in water with a depth of 0 to -1,142 meters (0 to -3,747 feet).[3]

Biome: Marine .

Taxonomy

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Synonyms

Garcinia hainanensis Merrill.

Notes

Publishing author : Champ. ex Benth. Publication : Hooker's J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 3: 310 1851

Name Status: Accepted Name .

Last scrutiny: 15-Mar-2000

Similar Species

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Members of the genus Garcinia

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 20 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus:

G. capuronii (Tin Can Bay Whiting) · G. dulcis (Gourka) · G. hanburyi (Hanbury's Garcinia) · G. hessii (Lemon Saptree) · G. hombroniana (Luli) · G. indica (Garcinia) · G. intermedia (Monkey Fruit) · G. kola (Garcinia) · G. lateriflora (Garcinia) · G. livingstonei (African Mangosteen) · G. lowryi (Clanwilliam Redfin) · G. mangostana (Manggis) · G. morella (Ceylon Camboge) · G. multiflora (Garcinia) · G. myrtifolia (Garcinia) · G. portoricensis (Bakupari) · G. prainiana (Button Mangosteen) · G. schomburgkiana (Madan) · G. spicata (Gamboge Tree) · G. xanthochymus (False Mangosteen)

More Info

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Further Reading

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Notes

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Contributors

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 24, 2007:

Identifiers

Footnotes

  1. Xi-wen Li, Jie Li & Peter Stevens "Garcinia". in Flora of China Vol. 13 Page 1, 40. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
  2. "Garcinia multiflora". in Flora of China Vol. 13 Page 41, 42, 43. Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
  3. Mean = -1,069.710 meters (-3,509.547 feet), Standard Deviation = 368.560 based on 80 observations. Ocean depth information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]
Last Revised: 7/15/2012