Galium triflorum

Taxonomy

Unambiguous Synonyms:

1. Asperula galioides Jacquem. ex Hook.f.
2. Galium brachiatum Pursh
3. Galium bryophyllum Goldb. ex DC.
4. Galium cuspidatum Muhl.
5. Galium gratum Wall.
6. Galium jalapense Schltdl.
7. Galium longicaule Raf.
8. Galium obovatum Schltdl. & Cham.
9. Galium paridifolium Eschsch. ex Ledeb.
10. Galium pennsylvanicum W.P.C.Barton
11. Galium suaveolens Wahlb.
12. Galium triflorum var. asprelliforme Fernald
13. Galium triflorum var. bryophyllum (Goldb. ex DC.) Nyman
14. Galium triflorum forma glabrum Leyendecker
15. Galium triflorum forma hispidum Leyendecker
16. Galium triflorum forma rollandii Vict.
17. Galium triflorum var. viridiflorum DC.

Notes:

Name Status: Accepted Name.

Physical Description

Family Rubiaceae:

The Rubiaceae are trees, shrubs, or infrequently herbs comprising about 450 genera and 6,500 species, including some lianous forms. The leaves are simple and usually entire, and are opposite or sometimes whorled; stipules are present and interpetiolar. The flowers are nearly always bisexual and actinomorphic, often heterostylous, and usually are in cymose inflorescences. The calyx is mostly somewhat reduced and 4-5-lobed or sometimes the lobes are obsolete or rarely one of them greatly expanded and brightly colored. The sympetalous corolla is mostly 4-5-lobed, occasionally with 3 or up to 10 lobes. The androecium consists of as many stamens as corolla lobes and is adnate to the corolla tube or epigynous zone, alternate with the lobes. The gynoecium consists of a single compound pistil of 2 or seldom more carpels, a single style, and a nearly always inferior ovary with the number of locules equaling the number of carpels, each with 1-many axile ovules. An epigynous nectary disk is usually present. The fruit is variable, sometimes forming multiples. -- Gerald Carr.

Habit: Forb/herb

Flowers: Dense clusters of tiny, fragrant flowers bloom in April, May, June, July. • Bloom Period: June. • Flower Color: near white, pale green, white

Foliage: Summer foliage: Bright green emergent foliage matures as dark green. Hay-scented leaves are hairy underneath, in whorls of 8-12 on stems. Leaflet is lanceolate or narrow elliptical.

Images:

Distribution

Landscaping

Landscape Uses: Excellent for shady rock garden. Beautiful groundcover for partial shade and moist, loamy soil. Mass planting. Embankments. Borders. Naturalized areas. • Care: Deer resistant. Drought tolerant (will seem to die back, but will recover when moisture returns). Low maintenance. Can be grown under black walnut trees. Deadhead to prevent self-sowing, if you wish to prevent volunteers. Follow a regular watering schedule during the first growing season to establish a deep, extensive root system. Control weeds until the plants have filled in. Feed with a general purpose fertilizer.

Reproduction

Duration: Perennial

Growth

Culture: Great groundcover for a shady spot. Self-sows freely, spreads quickly. Spreads slowly at its perimeter by the procumbent rooting stems. Propagate by separating rooted stems, by crown division, or digging the submerged perimeter stolons.

Soil: Soil: Needs good organic, moist, well-drained soil. Tolerates average, well-drained, dry, thin soils.

Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Partial to full shade. Prefers partial shade.

Moisture: Water Requirements: Water regularly, before top 3 in. of soil becomes dry, particularly in hot dry summers.

Temperature: Cold Hardiness: 4a, 4b, 5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b. (map)

Similar Species

Members of the genus Galium:

There are approximately 1,268 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus. Here are just 100 of them: G. abaujense abaujense · G. abaujense polonicum · G. album amani · G. album prusense · G. album suberectum · G. ambiguum siskiyouense · G. angustifolium foliosum · G. angustifolium onycense · G. aparine agreste · G. bourgeanum maroccanum · G. brevifolium brevifolium · G. brockmannii aterratzense · G. brockmannii brockmannii · G. canum antalyense · G. canum canum · G. capense namaquense · G. demissum demissum · G. demissum stojanovii · G. ferrugineum ferrugineum · G. ferrugineum jamesonii · G. floribundum airoides · G. floribundum floribundum · G. fuscum altiplanicum · G. fuscum fuscum · G. fuscum guerrericum · G. gilliesii gilliesii · G. gilliesii telanthos · G. glabrescens glabrescens · G. glabrescens harticum · G. glabrescens josephinense · G. glabrescens modocense · G. humifusum besseranum · G. hypocarpium alluviale · G. hypocarpium buxifolium · G. hypocarpium titicacum · G. incanum libanoticum · G. incanum pseudocornigerum · G. lucidum bernardii · G. lucidum krendlii · G. lucidum venustum · G. mexicanum asperrimum · G. moranii aculeolatum · G. moranii moranii · G. noxium noxium · G. obtusum filifolium · G. orizabense orizabense · G. paradoxum duthiei · G. paradoxum franchetianum · G. paradoxum paradoxum · G. plumosum flossdorfii · G. plumosum plumosum · G. pumilum fleurotii · G. richardianum haenkeanum · G. richardianum pusillum · G. saxatile saxatile · G. sellowianum pubiflorum · G. spurium ibicinum · G. stebbinsii siskiyouense · G. stebbinsii stebbinsii · G. tenuissium trichophorum · G. timeroyi fleurotii · G. timeroyi timeroyi · G. tinctorium floridanum · G. trifidum brevipes · G. trifidum halophilum · G. valdepilosum slesvicense · G. valdepilosum valdepilosum · G. verrucosum halophilum · G. abaujense · G. abaujense subsp. polonicum · G. aberrans · G. abruptorum · G. absurdum · G. achurense · G. aculeatissimum · G. aculeatum · G. acuminatum · G. acutum · G. acutum var. acutum · G. acutum var. himalayense · G. adhaerens · G. advenum · G. aegeum · G. aegeum f. pubescens · G. aetnicum · G. afro-alpinum · G. afro-pusillum · G. afropusillum · G. agrophilum · G. aladaghense · G. alba · G. alberti · G. albertii · G. albo-lutescens · G. album (Hedge Bedstraw) · G. album album · G. album f. pubescens · G. album pycnotrichum · G. album subsp. amani · G. album subsp. prusense

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Notes

Contributors:

• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed November 14, 2007. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 21 providers.
• Light, Kris. East Tennessee Wildflowers

Data Sources:

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 14, 2007:

• Jyväskylä University Museum - The Section of Natural Sciences, Vascular plant collection of Jyvaskyla University Museum
• Missouri Botanical Garden, Missouri Botanical Garden
• Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, Vascular Plant Herbarium, Oslo
• Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, Vascular Plants, Field notes, Oslo
• Oregon State University, Vascular Plant Collection
• The Swedish Museum of Natural History
• , Botany
• The Swedish Museum of Natural History
• , Herbarium of Oskarshamn
• The Swedish Museum of Natural History
• , Lund Botanical Museum
• The Swedish Museum of Natural History
• , Plants
• USDA PLANTS, USDA PLANTS Database
• University of Alabama Biodiversity and Systematics, Herbarium
• University of Alaska Museum of the North, University of Alaska Museum of the North Herbarium
• University of Washington Burke Museum, Vascular Plant Collection - University of Washington Herbarium
• Utah Valley State College
• , Utah Valley State College Herbarium

Identifiers:

• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 34933
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 14264326
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:750771-1
• Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: PDRUB0N270
• U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: GAPE5
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 40100