Galium aparine (Catchweed Bedstraw)

Common Names

Click on the language to view common names.

Common Names in English:

Bedstraw, Catchweed Bedstraw, Cleavers, Cleaverwort, Goose Grass, Goose-Grass, Scarthgrass, Sticky Willy, Sticky-Willy, Stickywilly, White Hedge

Common Names in Portuguese:

Amor-De-Hortelã, Erva-Pegavosa, Pega-Pega

Common Names in Swedish:

Snärjmåra

Description

[ Back to top ]

Family Rubiaceae

The Rubiaceae are trees , shrubs , or infrequently herbs comprising about 450 genera and 6,500 species, including some lianous forms. The leaves are simple and usually entire, and are opposite or sometimes whorled ; stipules are present and interpetiolar . The flowers are nearly always bisexual and actinomorphic , often heterostylous, and usually are in cymose inflorescences. The calyx is mostly somewhat reduced and 4-5-lobed or sometimes the lobes are obsolete or rarely one of them greatly expanded and brightly colored . The sympetalous corolla is mostly 4-5-lobed, occasionally with 3 or up to 10 lobes. The androecium consists of as many stamens as corolla lobes and is adnate to the corolla tube or epigynous zone, alternate with the lobes. The gynoecium consists of a single compound pistil of 2 or seldom more carpels, a single style, and a nearly always inferior ovary with the number of locules equaling the number of carpels, each with 1-many axile ovules. An epigynous nectary disk is usually present. The fruit is variable, sometimes forming multiples . -- Gerald Carr.

Physical Description

Habit: Vine , Forb/herb

Flowers: Dense clusters of tiny, fragrant flowers bloom in April, May, June, July. • Bloom Period: April, May, June. • Flower Color: near white, white

Foliage: Summer foliage: Bright green emergent foliage matures as dark green. Hay-scented leaves are hairy underneath, in whorls of 8-12 on stems. Leaflet is lanceolate or narrow elliptical .

Size/Age/Growth

Growth Rate: Moderate growth of perimeter spread . • Size: 36-48" tall.

Landscaping

Landscape Uses: Excellent for shady rock garden. Beautiful groundcover for partial shade and moist, loamy soil. Mass planting . Embankments . Borders . Naturalized areas. • Care: Deer resistant. Drought tolerant (will seem to die back, but will recover when moisture returns). Low maintenance . Can be grown under black walnut trees . Deadhead to prevent self-sowing, if you wish to prevent volunteers. Follow a regular watering schedule during the first growing season to establish a deep, extensive root system . Control weeds until the plants have filled in. Feed with a general purpose fertilizer .

Biology

[ Back to top ]

Reproduction

Duration: Annual

Growth

Culture: Space 8-10' apart.

Soil: Needs good organic , moist, well-drained soil. Tolerates average, well-drained, dry, thin soils. • Minimum pH: 6.6 • Maximum pH: 7.8

Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Partial to Full Shade.

Moisture: Water Requirements: Water regularly, before top 3 in. of soil becomes dry, particularly in hot dry summers.

Temperature: Cold Hardiness: 4a, 4b, 5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b. (map)

Taxonomy

[ Back to top ]

Domain: Eukaryota () - Whittaker & Margulis,1978 - eukaryotes
- Kingdom: Plantae () - Haeckel, 1866 - Plants
  - Subkingdom: Viridaeplantae () - Cavalier-Smith, 1981
    - Phylum: Tracheophyta () - Sinnott, 1935 Ex Cavalier-Smith, 1998 - Vascular Plants
      - Subphylum: Euphyllophytina ()
        Infraphylum: Radiatopses () - Kenrick & Crane, 1997
        Class: Magnoliopsida () - Brongniart, 1843 - Dicotyledons
        Subclass: Lamiidae () - Takhtajan Ex Reveal, 1992
        Superorder: Gentiananae () - Thorne Ex Reveal, 1992
        Order: Rubiales () - Dumortier, 1829
        Family: Rubiaceae () - A.l. De Jussieu, 1789 - Coffee Family
        Subfamily: Polemonioideae ()
        Tribe: Polemonieae ()
        Genus: Galium () - Linnaeus, 1753
        Specific epithet: aparine - L.
        Botanical name: - Galium aparine

Unambiguous Synonyms

Aparine hispida Moench
Aparine vulgaris Hill
Asperula aparine (L.) Besser
Asterophyllum aparine (L.) Schimp. and Spenn.
Crucianella purpurea Wulff Ex Steud.
Galion aparinum (L.) St. -Lag.
Galium adhaerens Gilib.
Galium agreste Wallr.
Galium aparine forma intermedium (Mérat) R. J. Moore
Galium aparine var. echinospermum (Wallr.) Farw.
Galium aparine var. fructibushispidis Franch.
Galium aparine var. infestum Wimm. and Grab.
Galium aparine var. intermedium (Mérat) Bonnet
Galium aparine var. microphyllum Clos
Galium aparine var. minor Benth.
Galium aparine var. minor Hook.
Galium aparine var. minus Hook.
Galium aparine var. pseudoaparine (Griseb.) Speg.
Galium aparine var. subglabrum Peterm.
Galium asperum Honck.
Galium australe Reiche
Galium borbonicum var. makianum Cordem.
Galium charoides Rusby
Galium chilense Hook. F.
Galium chonosense Clos
Galium hispidum Willd.
Galium horridum Eckl. and Zeyh.
Galium intermedium Mérat
Galium lappaceum Salisb.
Galium larecajense Wernham
Galium oliganthum Nakai and Kitag.
Galium parviflorum Maxim.
Galium pauciflorum Bunge
Galium pseudoaparine Griseb.
Galium scaberrimum Vahl Ex Hornem.
Galium segetum K. Koch
Galium spurium var. echinospermum Desp.
Galium spurium var. echinospermum (Wallr.) Hayek
Galium tenerrimum Schur
Galium uliginosum Thunb.
Galium uncinatum Gray
Rubia aparine (L.) Baill.

Notes

Publishing author : Hill

Publication : Herb. Brit . ii. 149

Publishing author: Moench

Publication: Methodus (Moench) 640 1794 [4 May 1794]

Name Status: Accepted Name . Latest taxonomic scrutiny: Govaerts R., 11-Nov-2003

Place of publication: Sp. pl. 1:108. 1753

Name verified on 20-May-1992 by ARS Systematic Botanists. Last updated: 23-Aug-1994

Similar Species

[ Back to top ]

Members of the genus Galium

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 1198 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:

More Info

[ Back to top ]

Search for Pictures: images.google.com
Search for Scholarly Articles: Google Scholar
Search using Scientific Name and Vernacular Names: All the Web | AltaVista Canada | AltaVista | Excite | Google | HotBot | Lycos
Search using Specialized Databases: GenBank | Medline | Scirus | CISTI/CAL | Agricola Periodicals | Agricola Books

A preliminary catalogue of the flora of New Jersey. Comp. by N. L. Britton with the assistance of eminent botanists. New Brunswick, Office of the survey, 1881. ENG url p. 43.
A Yosemite flora; a descriptive account of the ferns and flowering plants, including the trees, of the Yosemite National Park; with simple keys for their identification by Harvey Monroe Hall and Carlotta Case Hall. San Francisco, Elder, 1912. ENG url p. 232.
A botanical survey of the Sugar Grove region / by Robert F. Griggs. Columbus: Ohio State University, 1914. ENG url p. 335.
A contribution to the knowledge of the flora of southeastern Minnesota. [Boston, Heliotype Print. Co.]1900. ENG url p. 362, p. 407.
A history of British birds, indigenous and migratory: including their organization, habits, and relations; remarks on classification and nomenclature; an account of the principal organs of birds, and observations relative to practical ornithology By W London, Printed for Scott, Webster, and Geary, 1837-1852 ENG url p. 356.
A monograph of the British Uredine� and Ustilagine�, with an account of their biology including the methods of observing the germination of their spores and of their experimental culture. By Charles B. Plowright. London, K. Paul, Trench, 1889. ENG url p. 144, p. 326, p. 333.
A provisional list of the parasitic fungi of Wisconsin. [Madison, 1914] ENG url p. 252, p. 940.
A voyage to China and the East Indies, by Peter Osbeck. Together with A Voyage to Suratte, by Olof Toreen and an account of the Chinese husbandry, by Captain Charles Gustavus Eckeberg. Tr. from the German, by John Reinhold Forster, F. A. S London, B. White, 1771. ENG url p. 55.
Acta Soc. pro Fauna et Flora Fennica. Helsinki, Societas. ENG url p. 101, p. 142, p. 17, p. 21, p. 252, p. 292, p. 33, p. 337, p. 338, p. 34, p. 340, p. 41, p. 440.
Ali, S. I. and S. M. H. Jafri, eds. 1976 –. Flora of Libya. (F Libya)
Allan Hancock Pacific expeditions. [Reports] Los Angeles, University of Southern California Press. ENG url p. 278.
Allgemeine Biologie; Redaktion. C. Chun und W. Johannsen unter Mitwirkung von A. G�nthart, bearb. von E. Raur [et al.] Leipzig, Teubner, 1915. GER url p. 579.
Allgemeine botanische Zeitschrift f�r Systematik, Floristik, Pflanzengeographie etc. Karlsruhe: J.J. Reiff, 1895-1928. GER url p. 139, p. 192, p. 91.
Anales de la Sociedad Cientfica Argentina. Buenos Aires. SPA url p. 205, p. 32.
Anales de la Sociedad Espa�ola de Historia Natural. Madrid: La Sociedad, ENG url p. 156, p. 183, p. 188, p. 256, p. 288.
Anglo-russkii biologicheskii slovar' / [avtory, I. N. Afanas'eva et al.; spetsial'nye nauch. redaktory, O. I. Chibisova i L. A. Koziar]. Moskva: Russkii iazyk, 1979. ENG url p. 116, p. 24, p. 481, p. 546, p. 616, p. 633, p. 67.
Annaes de sciencias naturaes / publicados por Augusto Nobre. Porto: Typ. Occidental, 1894- POR url p. 132.
Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien. Wien, Naturhistorisches Museum [etc.] GER url p. 154.
Annales de la Soci�t� Linneenne de Maine-et-Loire. Angers. url p. 165.
Annales de la Soci�t� entomologique de France. Paris: La Soci�t�, FRE url p. 470.
Annals and magazine of natural history: including zoology, botany and geology London. url p. 153, p. 331.
Annals of applied biology. [Wellesbourne, Warwick, etc.]Association of Applied Biologists [etc.] ENG url p. 287, p. 288.
Annals of the Carnegie Museum. [Pittsburgh]: Published by authority of the Board of Trustees of the Carnegie Institute, 1901- ENG url p. 371, p. 381, p. 382, p. 420, p. 478, p. 521.
Annuaire de l'Institut des Provinces et des Congr�s Scientifiques. Paris. url p. 538.
Annual report of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution. Washington: Smithsonian Institution, -1965. ENG url p. 448, p. 448.
Annual report of the Commissioner of Agriculture Albany: State of New York, Dept. of Agriculture, 1894-1911. ENG url p. 745.
Archiv f�r die naturwissenschaftliche Landesdurchforschung von B�hmen / herausgegeben von den Beiden Comit�s f�r die Landesdurchforschung. Prag: Commissions-Verlag von F. �ivn�, 1869-1915. GER url p. 274.
Babu, C. R. 1977. Herbaceous flora of Dehra Dun. (HF Dehra Dun)
Belgique horticole. Lige. FRE url p. 21.
Billeder af nordens flora, ved A. Mentz og C.H. Ostenfeld. K�benhavn, G.E.C. Gad's forlag, 1917-1927. DAN url p. 450, p. 50.
Biologisches Zentralblatt. Leipzig [etc.]VEB Georg Thieme [etc.] GER url p. 783, p. 90.
Bollettino della Societ� entomologica italiana. Genova: Fratelli Pagano - Tipografi Editori, 1869- ITA url p. 242, p. 246.
Botanisches Zentralblatt; referierendes Organ f�r das Gesamtgebiet der Botanik. Jena [etc.]G. Fischer [etc.] GER url p. 134, p. 15, p. 240, p. 387, p. 471, p. 5, p. 544, p. 55, p. 58, p. 734.
Botany for ladies; or, A popular introduction to the natural system of plants, according to the classification of De Candolle. By Mrs. Loudon. London, J. Murray, 1842. ENG url p. 96.
Botany of the Faer�es, based upon Danish investigations. Copenhagen, Nordisk Forlag, 1901-1908. DAN url p. 843.
Botany of the living plant, by F.O. Bower. In the third edition he was assisted by J.M.F. Drummond, and George Bond, in this fourth edition by C.W. Wardlaw. London, Macmillan and Co., ltd., 1947. ENG url p. 214.
Brako, L. and J. L. Zarucchi. 1993. Catalogue of the flowering plants and gymnosperms of Peru. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 45. (L Peru)
British and European butterflies and moths (Macrolepidoptera). By A. W. Kappel and W. Egmont Kirby With thirty coloured plates by H. Deuchert and S. Slocombe. Printed in [Nuremberg] Bavaria. London, E. Nister;[1895] ENG url p. 50.
British birds. London, Witherby & Co. ENG url p. 94.
British fungi. Phycomycetes and Ustilagineae. By George Massee. London, L. Reeve and Co., 1891. ENG url p. 226.
Bulletin de gographie botanique. Le Mans: Au sige de la Socit, 1911-1919. FRE url p. 84.
Bulletin de l'Acadmie internationale de gographie botanique. Le Mans: Impr. Edmond Monnoyer, 1899-1910. FRE url p. 293, p. 302.
Bulletin de la Soci�t� entomologique de France. Paris: La Soci�t�, 1896- FRE url p. 334.
Bulletin de la Soci�t� linn�enne de Normandie. Lons-le-Saunier [etc.]The Society. FRE url p. 91.
Bulletin des sciences / par la Soci�t� Philomathique de Paris. url p. 172.
Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). London: BM(NH) url p. 173, p. 190, p. 244, p. 391.
Bulletin of the California Academy of Sciences. [S.l.: The Academy], 1884- ENG url p. 400, p. 446, p. 529.
Bulletin of the Essex Institute. Salem, Mass., Essex Institute. ENG url p. 143.
Bulletin of the Natural History Society of New Brunswick. St. John, N. B., Natural History Society of New Brunswick. ENG url p. 195.
Bulletin of the scientific laboratories of Denison University. Granville, Ohio: [The University], 1885- ENG url p. 17.
CIBA-GEIGY, Basel, Switzerland. The CIBA-GEIGY Weed Tables (Weed TabCIBA)
Carnegie Institution of Washington publication. Washington, Carnegie Institution of Washington, 1902- ENG url p. 190, p. 40, p. 59.
Catalog of Ohio vascular plants: arranged according to the phyletic classification: with notes on the geographical distribution in the state, based mainly on specimens in the State Herbarium, Botanical Laboratory, the Ohio State Uni by John H. Schaffner Columbus: Ohio State University, 1914. ENG url p. 223.
Catalogue of scientific papers, 1800-1900. Compiled by the Royal Society of London. London, C.J. Clay and Sons, 1867-1902 [etc.] Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1914-25. ENG url p. 587.
Chloris platensis argentina / por Crist�bal M. Hicken. Buenos Aires: J.A. Alsina, 1910. SPA url p. 230.
Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des s�ances de l'Acad�mie des sciences. Paris: publi�s avec le concours du Centre national de la recherche scientifique par MM. les secr�taires perp�tuels: -1965. FRE url p. 997.
Correll, D. S. and M. C. Johnston. 1970. Manual of the vascular plants of Texas. (F Tex)
Cosmos: a sketch of a physical description of the universe / By Alexander von Humboldt; Translated from the German by E.C. Ott�. New York: Harper & Brothers, [1877] ENG url p. 30.
Cufodontis, G. 1953 –1972. Enumeratio plantarum aethiopiae: Spermatophyta. (F EthiopCuf)
Dansk plantevaekst / af Eug. Warming. K�benhavn og Kristiania: Gyldendal, 1906-1909. DAN url p. 317, p. 33, p. 41, p. 59, p. 62, p. 63, p. 65, p. 81, p. 83.
Darwinism; an exposition of the theory of natural selection, with some of its applications, by Alfred Russel Wallace. London and New York, Macmillan and co., 1889. ENG url p. 322.
Davis, P. H., ed. 1965 –1988. Flora of Turkey and the east Aegean islands. (F Turk)
Dempster, L. T. 1977. The genus Galium (Rubiaceae) in Mexico and Central America. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 73:21.
Denkschriften der Kniglich-Baierischen Botanischen Gesellschaft in Regensburg. Regensburg: In Commission der Montag- und Weissischen Buchh., 1815- GER url p. 16.
Det Kongelige Danske videnskabernes selskabs skrifter. K�benhavn. DAN url p. 305.
Dictionary of biological equivalents, German-English, by Ernst Artschwager Baltimore, The Williams & Wilkins company, 1930. ENG url p. 119.
Die Flora von K�rnten. Klagenfurt, Kleinmayr, 1853. GER url p. 126, p. 53.
Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde: eine systematische Bearbeitung der bis jetzt bekannten Gross-Schmetterlinge / von Professor Dr. Adalbert Seitz. Stuttgart: Alfred Kernen, 1909- GER url p. 213.
Die Pflanzenfeinde aus der Klasse der Insekten. Ein nach Pflanzenfamilien geordnetes Handbuch s�mmtlicher auf den einheimischen Pflanzen bisher beobachteten Insekten zum Gebrauch f�r Entomologen, Insektensammler, Botaniker, Land- und Forstwirthe un von J. Stuttgart, J. Hoffmann, 1874. GER url p. 36.
Die Pflanzenwelt Norwegens. Ein Beitrag zur Natur- und Culturgeschichte Nord-Europas, von F.C. Sch�beler. Christiania, A.W. Br�gger, 1873-1875. GER url p. 394.
Die Pilze (Fungi) von Tirol, Vorarlberg und Liechtenstein. Unter Beistand von K.W. v. Dalla Torre und Ludwig Grafen v. Sarnthein bearb. von Paul Magnus. Innsbruck, Verlag der Wagner'schen Universitts-Buchh., 1905. GER url p. 517.
Duke, J. A. et al. 2002. CRC Handbook of medicinal herbs. (CRC MedHerbs ed2)
Encke, F. et al. 1984. Zander: Handwörterbuch der Pflanzennamen, 13. Auflage. (Zander ed13)
Enumeraci�n de las plantas europ�as que se hallan como silvestres en la provincia de Buenos Aires y en Patagonia. Buenos Aires, Impr. de Pablo E. Coni, 1877. SPA url p. 23.
Enumeratio plantarum sponte nascentium agro Montevidensi: cum synonimis selectis / scripsit Ernestus Gibert. Montevideo: Sumptibus Societatis "La Asociaci�n Rural del Uruguay", 1873. LAT url p. 24.
Experiment station record. Washington: G.P.O., 1889-1946. ENG url p. 144, p. 265, p. 955.
Fauna och flora: populr tidskrift fr biologi. Uppsala: Almqvist & Wiksells, 1906-1967; SWE url p. 146, p. 73.
Faune des vertde la Belgique, par Alphonse Dubois Se des oiseaux Bruxelles, C. Muquardt, 1887-1894. FRE url p. 360.
Flora Aconiensis; seu, Plantarum in Novariensi Provincia sponte nascentium descriptio. [Novara]Ex Typographia Viglevanensi, 1808. LAT url p. 46.
Flora Atlantica, sive, Historia plantarum quae in Atlante, agro Tunetano et Algeriensi crescunt / auctore Renato Desfontaines. Parisiis: Apud Blanchon, 1800. LAT url p. 130.
Flora Parisiensis, ou, Descriptions et figures des plantes qui croissent aux environs de Paris; avec les diffrens noms, classes, ordres et genres qui leur conviennent, rangs suivant la mthode sexuelle de M. Linn, leurs par Mr. Bulliard. Paris, P.F. Didot, 1776-1783. FRE url p. 12.
Flora Petropolitana. Sistens plantas in Gubernio Petropolitano sponte crescentes, tam eas quae olim in Flora Ingrica Krascheninnikovii a Gortero enumeratae sunt, quam novas post annum 1764 hucuque a variis botanicis Petro curante Gregorio Sobolewskj. Petropoli, Typis Collegii Imperialis Medici, 1799. LAT url p. 38.
Flora Sardoa; seu Historia plantarum in Sardinia et adjacentibus insulis vel sponte nascentium vel ad utilitatem latius excultarum, auctore Josepho Hyacintho Moris. Taurini, Ex Regio Typographeo, 1837-59. LAT url p. 304.
Flora Veneta, seu Enumeratio plantarum circa Venetiam nascentium, secundum methodum Linnanam disposita / auctore Stephano Moricand. Vol. I. Genev: Ex Typ. J.J. Paschoud, 1820. LAT url p. 87.
Flora der Schweiz: zum Gebrauche auf Exkursionen, in Schulen und beim Selbstunterricht / von Hans Schinz und Robert Keller. Z�rich: A. Raustein, 1909-1914. GER url p. 204.
Flora der Stadt Lemberg: oder Beschreibung, der um Lemberg wildwachsenden Pflanzen, nach ihrer Blthezeit geordnet / von Alexander Zawadski. Lemberg: Kuhn und Millikowski, 1836. GER url p. 188, p. 60.
Flora der gef�rsteten Grafshaft Tirol, des Landes Vorarlberg und des F�rstenthumes Liechtenstein. Nach eigenen und fremden Beobachtungen, Sammlungen und den Litteraturquellen bearb. von K.W. v. Dalla Torre und Ludwig Grafen von Sarnthein. Innsbruck, Verlag der Wagner'-schen Universit�ts-Buchhandlung, 1900-1913. GER url p. 517.
Flora of Illinois, containing keys for identification of flowering plants and ferns. Notre Dame, Ind., University of Notre Dame Press, 1963. ENG url p. 225.
Flora of Nebraska; a list of the conifers and flowering plants of the state, with keys for their determination. [Lincoln, Neb., Printed by State Printing Co., 1912] ENG url p. 164.
Flora of New Mexico / by E.O. Wooton and Paul C. Standley. Washington: G.P.O., 1915. ENG url p. 604, p. 606.
Flora of Pasadena and vicinity. Los Angeles, Kingsley-Barnes & Neuner Co., printer, 1895." ENG url p. 617.
Flora of West Virginia, by Charles Frederick Millspaugh and Lawrence William Nuttall. Chicago, 1896. ENG url p. 228.
Flora of southeastern Washington and adjacent Idaho, by Charles V. Piper and R. Kent Beattie Lancaster, Pa., Press of the New era printing company, 1914. ENG url p. 233, p. 234.
Flora of the Black Hills of South Dakota. By P.A. Rydberg. Washington, Govt. Print. Off., 1896. ENG url p. 504.
Flora of the northwest coast, including the area west of the summit of the Cascade Mountains, from the forty-ninth parallel south to the Calapooia Mountains on the south border of Lane County, Oregon. By Charles V. Piper and R. Kent Beattie. Lancaster, Pa., Press of the New Era Printing Company, 1915. ENG url p. 335.
Flora of the state of Washington. By Charles V. Piper. Washington, Govt. Print. Off., 1906. ENG url p. 525.
Flora van Helder; handleiding tot het bestemmen der in en om Helder, huisduinen en het koegras wildgroeiende en op openbare plaatsen algemeen aangeplante kruiden, heesters en boomen bewerkt door Julie Hoek en H.C. Redeke. Helder, C. de Boer, 1901. DUT url p. 16.
Flora von Nieder-�sterreich. Handbuch zur Bestimmung s�mmtlicher in diesem Kronlande und den angrenzenden Gebieten wildwachsenden, h�ufig gebauten und verwildert vorkommenden Samenpflanzen und F�hrer zu weiteren botanischen Forsc Wein, C. Gerold, 1890-93. GER url p. 1122.
Florula bostoniensis. A collection of plants of Boston and its environs, with their generic and specific characters, synonyms, descriptions, places of growth, and time of flowering, and occasional remarks. Boston, Cummings and Hilliard, 1814. ENG url p. 37.
Gartenflora. Erlangen: F. Enke, 1852-1940. GER url p. 109.
Great Basin naturalist memoirs. [Provo, Utah]Brigham Young University, 1976-1992. ENG url p. 544.
Grevillea. London: Williams and Norgate; 1872-1894. ENG url p. 183.
Handbook of British fungi, with full descriptions of all the species, and illustrations of the genera. By M. C. Cooke, M.A. London, Macmillan and co., 1871. ENG url p. 501.
Handw�rterbuch der naturwissenschaften / hrsg. von prof. dr. E. Korschelt (zoologie) prof. dr. G. Linck (mineralogie und geologie) prof. dr. F. Oltmanns (botanik) prof. dr. K. Schaum (chemie) prof. dr. H. Th. Simon (physi Jena: G. Fischer, 1912-1915. GER url p. 177.
Hara, H. et al. 1978 –1982. An enumeration of the flowering plants of Nepal. (L Nepal)
Hardwicke's science-gossip: an illustrated medium of interchange and gossip for students and lovers of nature. London: Robert Hardwicke, 1866- ENG url p. 161, p. 166, p. 167, p. 196, p. 206, p. 22, p. 229, p. 27, p. 28, p. 39, p. 93.
Histoire naturelle de la France. par L. Fairmaire. Paris: �mile Deyrolle, [1884?] FRE url p. 22.
Hoffmann-Dennert botanischer Bilderatlas, nach dem naturlichen Pflanzensystem Suttgart, Schweizerbart, 1911. GER url p. 47.
Holm, L. et al. 1979. A geographical atlas of world weeds. (Atlas WWeed)
Index supplementarius locorum natalium specialium plantarum nonnullarum vascularium in provincia Arctica Norvegiae sponte nascentium / quas observavit J.M. Norman. Nidarosiae: Typ. expressit J.C. Manglie, 1864. LAT url p. 20.
Jahrb�cher des Nassauischen Vereins f�r Naturkunde. Wiesbaden: J.F. Bergmann, GER url p. 10, p. 13, p. 14, p. 15, p. 19, p. 40.
Jahresbericht �ber die Fortschritte auf dem Gesamtgebiete der Agrikultur-Chemie. Berlin: Julius Springer, 1866-1919. GER url p. 447.
Jahreshefte des Vereins f�r vaterl��ndische Naturkunde in W�rttemberg. Stuttgart. GER url p. 137.
Journal de l'agriculture. Paris: Ch. Delagrave, FRE url p. 177, p. 620.
Journal of Indian botany. Madras: Methodist Pub. House, 1919-1923. ENG url p. 171.
Journal of genetics. Cambridge: University Press, 1910-1977. ENG url p. 142.
Journal of the Royal Agricultural Society of England. London:Royal Agricultural Society of England [etc.], 1840-2002. ENG url p. 75.
Just's botanischer jahresbericht. Systematisch geordnetes repertorium der botanischen literatur aller l�nder. Berlin, Gebr. Borntraeger, 1874-98; GER url p. 1088, p. 1099, p. 1104, p. 1110, p. 1225, p. 1358, p. 148, p. 202, p. 210, p. 219, p. 257, p. 260, p. 264, p. 297, p. 301, p. 396, p. 399, p. 418, p. 455, p. 506, p. 535, p. 948, p. 999.
Kartesz, J. T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. (L US Can ed2)
Kryptogamenflora f�r Anf�nger: eine Einf�hrung in das Studium der bl�tenlosen Gew�chse f�r Studierende und Liebhaber / hrsg. von Gustav Lindau. Berlin: Springer, [1917?] GER url p. 83.
La Feuille des jeunes naturalistes. Paris: A. Dollfus, 1870-1914. FRE url p. 130.
La flora segusina di G. Francesco Re / riprodotta nel metodo naturale di De Candolle e comentata da Beniamino Caso; preceduta dalla vita dell'autore scritta dal M. Lessona. Torino: Per iniziativa e cura della Sezione di Susa del Club Alpino Italiano, 1881. ITA url p. 166.
Le Gerfaut = De Giervalk. Bruxelles, Institut royal des sciences naturelles de Belgique. DUT url p. 3.
Le Monde des plantes. Le Mans: Impr. Edmond Monnoyer, 1891-1898. FRE url p. 249.
Lectures on plant physiology. Authorized English translation by R.J. Harvey Gibson. Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1907. ENG url p. 455.
Magazin Encyclop�dique: ou journal des sciences, des lettres et des arts. Paris. url p. 251.
Manual of vascular plants of the lower Yangtze Valley, China. Corvallis, Oregon State College[1958] ENG url p. 371, p. 594.
McGuffin, M. et al., eds. 2000. Herbs of commerce, ed. 2. (Herbs Commerce ed2)
Meddelanden af Societatis pro Fauna et Flora Fennica. Helsingfors[Societas pro Fauna et Flora Fennica] SWE url p. 117, p. 122, p. 139, p. 145, p. 184, p. 217, p. 230, p. 277, p. 38, p. 39, p. 40, p. 69.
Memoires de l'Academie des Sciences, Agriculture, Arts et Belles-Lettres (Aix) url p. 671.
Memorias da Academia Real das Sciencias de Lisboa Lisboa: Academia Real das Sciencias de Lisboa POR url p. 41.
Memorie di matematica e di fisica della Societ`a italiana delle Scienze Verona; Societ� Italiana delle Scienze. ITA url p. 188.
National list of scientific plant names. [Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service, 1982- ENG url p. 180.
Natural science. London: Macmillan & Co., [1892-1899] ENG url p. 758.
Naturalist (Maund, Hall & Wood.) London. url p. 252, p. 80.
Naturwissenschaftliche Rundschau: w�chentliche Berichte �ber die Fortschritte auf dem Gesammtgebiete der Naturwissenschaften. Braunschweig: Druck und verlag von Friedrich Vieweg und Sohn, 1886- GER url p. 455.
Navas-Bustamante, L. E. 1973 –1979. Flora de la cuenca de Santiago de Chile. (F Santiago)
Nederlandsch kruidkundig archief. Leyden: S. en J. Luchtmans, 1846-1951. DUT url p. 248, p. 257, p. 72.
Neue Denkschriften der Allgemeinen Schweizerischen Gesellschaft f�r die Gesammten Naturwissenschaften. Zurich. url p. 145.
On the Lysianassa magellanica H. Milne Edwards, and on the Crustacea of the suborder Amphipoda and subfamily Lysianassina found an [i.e., on] the coast of Sweden and Norway / by William Lilljeborg. Upsala: Royal Acad. Press, 1865. ENG url p. 9.
Ornithologische Monatsberichte. Berlin. GER url p. 122.
Oversigt over det Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskabs Forhandlinger. url p. 17.
Pflanzenphysiologie; ein Handbuch der Lehre vom Stoffwechsels und Kraftwechsels in der Pflanze, von Dr. W. Pfeffer... Leipzig, W. Engelmann, 1897-1904. GER url p. 398.
Plant life of Alabama: an account of the distribution, modes of association, and adaptations of the flora of Alabama, together with a systematic catalogue of the plants growing in the state / by Charles Mohr. Montgomery, Ala.: Brown Printing Co., 1901. ENG url p. 741.
Plantenschat: inleiding tot de kennis der flora van Nederland / door F.J. van Uildriks en Vitus Bruinsma. Groningen: P. Noordhoff, 1898. DUT url p. 139, p. 162, p. 92.
Point Lobos Reseerve; State Park, California. Interpretation of a primitive landscape. Sacramento, [State Print. Off., 1954] ENG url p. 89.
Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. [Philadelphia, Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia] ENG url p. 303.
Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Boston: Metcalf and Co., 1846-1958 ENG url p. 670.
Proceedings of the Bristol Naturalists' Society. Bristol: The Society, 1863-1912. ENG url p. 148, p. 280.
Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, 4th series. San Francisco, California Academy of Sciences. ENG url p. 398, p. 416, p. 438.
Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales. Sydney, Linnean Society of New South Wales. ENG url p. 200.
Proceedings of the United States National Museum. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, [etc.] ENG url p. 395, p. 443, p. 530, p. 609, p. 683.
Proceedings. London. ENG url p. 518.
Prodromus der Flora von B�hmen. Enthaltend die Beschreibungen und Verbreitungsangaben der wildwachsenden und im Freien kultivirten Gef�sspflanzen des K�nigreiches Von Dr. Ladislav Celakovsk�. Hrsg. von dem Comit� f�r die naturwissenschaftliche Durchfo Prag, Selbstverlag des Comit�'s1867-81. GER url p. 817.
Prodromus einer Flora des Kronlandes Salzburg und dessen angr�nzenden L�ndertheilen / entworfen von Rudolph Hinterbuber [i.e. Hinterhuber] und Julius Hinterhuber. Salzburg: Druck der Oberer'schen Buchdr., 1851. GER url p. 254.
Quézel, P. and S. Santa. 1962 –1963. Nouvelle flore de l'Algerie. (F Alger)
Reliquiae Form�nekianae: enumeratio critica plantarum vascularium, quas itineribus in Haemo Peninsula et Asia Minore (Bithynia) factis collegit Dr. Ed. Form�nek / scripsit C. Vandas. Brunae: Comitiorum Marchionatus Moraviae, 1909. LAT url p. 260.
Repertorium specierum novarum regni vegetabilis. Berlin: F. Fedde: 1910-1942. GER url p. 95.
Report of the Michigan Academy of Science. Lansing, Mich.: The Academy, 1900-1904. ENG url p. 146.
Report of the flora of Westchester County. Prepared for Bolton's History of the County. [New YorkRoper & Burdge, 1880?] ENG url p. 791.
Rust, smut, mildew, & mould: an introduction to the study of microscopic fungi / by M.C. Cooke. London: R. Hardwicke, 1872. ENG url p. 223.
R�sultats du voyage du S.Y. Belgica en 1897-1898-1899: sous le commandement de A. de Gerlache de Gomery. Rapports scientifiques publi�s aux frais du gouvernement belge, sous la direction de la Commission de la Belgica. Anvers: Impr. J.E. Buschmann, 1901-10. FRE url p. 151, p. 27.
Science progress in the twentieth century: a quarterly journal of scientific work & thought. London: John Murray, 1906-1916. ENG url p. 418.
Science progress. London: John Murray, 1916- ENG url p. 122, p. 128, p. 133.
Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse. Wien: K.-K. Hof- und Staatsdruckerei in Kommission bei A. H�lder, GER url p. 1239.
Stockholmstraktens v�xter: f�rteckning �ver fanerogamer och k�rlkryptogamer med fyndorter och frekvensuppgifter / utgiven av Botaniska s�llskapet i Stockholm genom Gunnar Andersson [et al.]. Stockholm: P. A. Norstedt, 1914. SWE url p. 82.
Textbook of theoretical botany, by R. C. McLean and W. R. Ivimey-Cook. London, Longmans, Green[1951- ENG url p. 1561, p. 1562, p. 1936, p. 469.
The American botanist: a monthly journal for the plant lover. Binghamton, N.Y.: Willard N. Clute & Co., 1901-1948. ENG url p. 95.
The Analyst: monthly journal of science, literature, and the fine arts. London. url p. 25, p. 72.
The Annals of Scottish natural history. Edinburgh: David Douglas, 1892-1911. ENG url p. 183, p. 231, p. 237, p. 39, p. 86.
The Country gentleman's magazine. London, S. Marshall & Co. ENG url p. 401.
The Entomologist's record and journal of variation. [s.l., s.n.] ENG url p. 109, p. 253.
The Field naturalist: a review of animals, plants, minerals, the structure of the earth, and appearances of the sky / edited by James Rennie. London: Orr and Smith, 1835. ENG url p. 435.
The Great Basin naturalist. Provo, Utah, M.L. Bean Life Science Museum, Brigham Young University. ENG url p. 109, p. 127, p. 148, p. 149, p. 181, p. 263, p. 27, p. 293, p. 34, p. 382, p. 402, p. 639, p. 7.
The Irish naturalist. Dublin: Eason & Son, Ltd., 1892- ENG url p. 60.
The Journal of agricultural science. Cambridge [Eng.]The University Press. ENG url p. 510.
The Journal of horticulture, cottage gardener and country gentlemen. London: George W. Johnson and Robert Hogg, 1861-1877. ENG url p. 241, p. 48.
The Journal of microscopy and natural science. [London: W. P. Collins, 1884- ENG url p. 209, p. 248.
The Journal of the Quekett Microscopical Club. [London: Quekett Microscopical Club, 1868]-1966. ENG url p. 81.
The Ohio journal of science. [Columbus, Ohio, The Ohio State University and the Ohio Academy of Science] ENG url p. 61, p. 83.
The Plant world. Baltimore [etc.]Plant World Association [etc.] ENG url p. 255.
The Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science. Des moines, Iowa: The Academy, [1889-1987] ENG url p. 147, p. 31, p. 447.
The Scottish naturalist. Perth [etc.]: Cowan & Co. [etc.], ENG url p. 107, p. 204, p. 265, p. 270, p. 352, p. 53.
The University of Kansas science bulletin. [Lawrence]: University of Kansas, 1902-1996. ENG url p. 177, p. 238, p. 25, p. 254, p. 47, p. 538, p. 539, p. 574.
The biology of flowering plants, by Macgregor Skene New York, The Macmillan Company, 1924. ENG url p. 307, p. 413.
The ethnobotany of Chinchero, an Andean community in southern Peru / Christine Franquemont [et al.]. Chicago, Ill.: Field Museum of Natural History, c1990. ENG url p. 119, p. 95.
The faunal connections between Europe and North America. New York, Wiley[1957] ENG url p. 146, p. 180, p. 197, p. 342.
The flora of the metamorphic region of Alabama / by F.S. Earle. Montgomery, Ala.: Brown Printing Co., 1902. ENG url p. 107.
The movements and habits of climbing plants. New York, D. Appleton, 1888. ENG url p. 183, p. 207.
The natural history of Pliny. Tr., with copious notes and illustrations, by the late John Bostock and H. T. Riley. London, H. G. Bohn, 1855-57. ENG url p. 71.
The plants of Southern New Jersey; with especial reference to the flora of the Pine Barrens and the geographic distribution of the species. Trenton, 1911. ENG url p. 704, p. 87.
The plants of southern New Jersey; with especial reference to the flora of the pine barrens and the geographic distribution of the species. Trenton, 1911. ENG url p. 704.
The transactions of the Academy of Science of St. Louis. St. Louis: The Academy, 1860-1958. ENG url p. 45.
The universe, or, The wonders of creation. The infinitely great and the infinitely little. By F. A. Pouchet Portland [Me.]: H. Hallett and company, 1883. ENG url p. 526.
Tijdschrift voor entomologie. [Amsterdam]: Nederlandse Entomologische Vereniging. MUL url p. 23.
Till�gg till �stg�ta flora: inneh�llande f�rteckning �fver �sterg�tlands fanerogamer och ormbunkar jemte uppgift �fver deras v�xest�llen / af N. Conrad Kindberg. Link�ping: C. F. Ridderstad, 1868. SWE url p. 17.
Townsend, C. C. and E. Guest. 1966 –. Flora of Iraq. (F Iraq)
Transactions / Hertfordshire Natural History Society and Field Club. Watford [etc.]: The Club, 1879- ENG url p. 77.
Transactions and proceedings of the New Zealand Institute. Wellington: J. Hughes, Printer, 1869-1934. ENG url p. 289.
Transactions of the Academy of Science of Saint Louis. [St. Louis, Academy of Science of St. Louis] ENG url p. 45.
Transactions of the Illinois State Horticultural Society for Chicago: The Society, ENG url p. 163.
Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science. Topeka, Kan.: W.Y. Morgan, 1903- ENG url p. 198.
Transactions of the Watford Natural History Society and Hertfordshire Field Club. LondonHardwicke and Bogue; sold at the Public Library, Watford. ENG url p. 235.
Transactions of the annual meetings of the Kansas Academy of Science. Topeka, Kan.: Kansas Pub. House, 1883-1901. ENG url p. 84.
Tulane studies in zoology and botany. New Orleans: Tulane University, [1968- ENG url p. 128.
Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1964 –1980. Flora europaea. (F Eur)
University of California publications in botany. Berkeley, Calif., University of California Press, 1902-2001. ENG url p. 135, p. 155.
University of Kansas publications, Museum of Natural History. Lawrence, University of Kansas. ENG url p. 133.
Videnskabelige meddelelser fra den Naturhistoriske forening i Kj�benhavn. Kj�benhavn: Selskabets Bestyrelse, [1849]-1912. DAN url p. 187.
Vierteljahrsschrift der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Z�rich. Z�rich: F�si & Beer, GER url p. 141, p. 212, p. 294, p. 405.
Vierter Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Phanerogamenflora von B�hmen, von Karl Domin. [Prag, 1905] GER url p. 41.
Vorstudien zu einer Pilz-Flora des Grossherzogthums Luxemburg; systematisches Verzeichniss der bis jetzt im Gebiete gefundenen Pilzarten, mit Angabe der Synonymie, der allgemeinen Stand- u. der Special-Fundorte, resp. neuer, sowie zweifelhafter und kritis Luxemburg, Druck von J. Beffort [etc.]1899-1906. GER url p. 241.
Weber, E. 2003. Invasive plant species of the world: a reference guide to environmental weeds. (Invasive Pl Spec)
Willis, J. H. 1970 –1972. A handbook to plants in Victoria. (F VictWillis)
Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Schwedischen S�dpolar-Expedition, 1901-1903 / unter Mitwirkung zahlreicher Fachgenossen herausgegeben von Otto Nordenskj�ld, Leiter der Expedition. Stockholm: Lithographisches Institut des Generalstabs, 1908 GER url p. 20, p. 22, p. 29, p. 29, p. 30, p. 30.
Wissenschaftliche ergebnisse der Deutschen Zentral-Africa-Expedition, 1907-1908: unter F�hrung Adolf Friedrichs, herzogs zu Mecklenburg. Leipzig: Klinkhardt & Biermann, 1910- ENG url p. 341, p. 640, p. 703.
Zellen- und gewebelehre, morphologie und entwicklungsgeschichte, unter redaktion von E. Strasburger und O. Hertwig. I: Botanischer teil, unter redaktion von E. Strasburger, bearb. von E. Strasburger und W. Benecke; mit 135 abbildungen im text. Leipzig [etc.]B. G. Teubner, 1913. GER url p. 115.
Zoe:a biological journal. 5 1900 San Diego, Calif. [etc.]Zoe Publishing Co. ENG url p. 23, p. 263, p. 355.
Zoologica. Stuttgart [etc.]E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchandlung [etc.] GER url p. 247.
Zoologische Jahrb�cher. Jena [Germany]: G. Fischer, GER url p. 307.
Zoologischer Jahresbericht. Berlin, R. Friedlander. GER url p. 158.
Zur Flora der Umgebung Lembergs / von A. Tomaschek. [Wien: s.n., 1859-1862] GER url p. 913.
Zur Flora des Feuerlandes, floristische Beobachtungen �ber Gef�sspflanzen, gesammelt in den Jahren 1902 und 1903. Stockholm, Lithographisches Institut des Generalstabs, 1906. GER url p. 29.

Notes

[ Back to top ]

Contributors

Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 and ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed November 17, 2007. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 51 providers.
The International Plant Names Index. Accessed Jan 19, 2007.
USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. URL (April 28, 2008)
World Checklist of Selected Plant FamiliesFeb 2, 2006.

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 17, 2007:

Jyväskylä University Museum - The Section of Natural Sciences, Vascular plant collection of Jyvaskyla University Museum
Missouri Botanical Garden, Missouri Botanical Garden
Oregon State University, Vascular Plant Collection
School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Arizona State University Vascular Plant Herbarium
The Danish Biodiversity Information Facility, Botany registration database by Danish botanists
The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx River Bioblitz
UK National Biodiversity Network, Environment and Heritage Service - EHS Species Datasets
UK National Biodiversity Network, Joint Nature Conservation Committee - Vegetation surveys of coastal shingle in Great Britain
University of Alabama Biodiversity and Systematics, Herbarium
University of Alaska Museum of the North, University of Alaska Museum of the North Herbarium
University of Washington Burke Museum, Vascular Plant Collection - University of Washington Herbarium
Utah Valley State College
, Utah Valley State College Herbarium

Identifiers

Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2656793
Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-34797
Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13746332
Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:749515-1
GRIN Nomen Number: 103276
Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 34797
Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: PDRUB0N050
U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: GAAPI
Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 40074

Galium aparine

Common Names

Description

Family Rubiaceae

Physical Description

Size/Age/Growth

Landscaping

Biology

Reproduction

Growth

Taxonomy

Unambiguous Synonyms

Notes

Similar Species

Members of the genus Galium

More Info

Further Reading

Notes

Contributors

Data Sources

Identifiers