Fuchsia paniculata

• Interesting Facts
• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Description

Family Onagraceae

Annual or perennial herbs, or shrubs , rarely trees to 30 m tall, often with epidermal oil cells , usually with internal phloem . Leaves simple , spirally arranged , opposite, or occasionally whorled , entire or toothed to pinnatifid ; stipules present and usually caducous , or absent. Flowers perfect and hermaphroditic or occasionally unisexual , actinomorphic or zygomorphic, (2-) 4(-7) -merous, axillary , in leafy spikes or racemes or solitary, or occasionally in panicles, all but Ludwigia with distinct floral tube , nectariferous within. Sepals green or colored , valvate . Petals as many as sepals or rarely absent, variously colored, imbricate or convolute and occasionally clawed. Stamens as many as sepals in one series or 2 × as many as sepals in 2 series [in Lopezia Cavanilles reduced to 2 or 1 plus 1 sterile staminode]; anthers versatile or basifixed , dithecal , sometimes cross-partitioned, opening by longitudinal slits; pollen grains almost always united by viscin threads, shed as monads , tetrads , or polyads . Ovary inferior, with as many carpels and locules as sepals, septa sometimes thin or absent at maturity; placentation axile or parietal , ovules 1 to many per locule, in 1 or several rows or clustered, anatropous , bitegmic; style 1; stigma with as many lobes as sepals or clavate to globose . Fruit a loculicidal capsule or indehiscent nut or berry. Seeds small, smooth or variously sculptured , sometimes with a coma [or wing ], with straight oily embryo, endosperm lacking.

Seventeen genera and ca. 650 species: widespread in temperate and subtropical areas, but best represented in W North America; six genera (two introduced ), 64 species (11 endemic, 11 introduced), and five natural hybrids (two endemic) in China.

Onagraceae are a well-defined, monophyletic family in the order Myrtales, with a sister relationship to Lythraceae. Within the order Myrtales, the Onagraceae are distinguished by a number of features including (1) a distinctive 4-nucleate embryo sac; (2) abundant raphides in vegetative cells ; (3) paracrystalline beaded pollen ektexine; and (4) pollen with viscin threads.

Some species of Oenothera are grown for the oil in their seeds, which contains gamma linolenic acid (GLA), used for medicinal purposes. Several species of Onagraceae also are cultivated in China for their horticultural value, including species of Fuchsia Linnaeus (generally distinguished by having large, tubular , red or orange flowers and fleshy berries ) and Clarkia Pursh (distinguished by having stigmas with commissural lobes with dry, unicellular papillae, and dry, elongate capsules similar to those of Epilobium but lacking comas on the seeds) . The most commonly cultivated Fuchsia is F. ×hybrida Hort. and the related F. magellanica Lamarck in F. sect. Quelusia (Vandelli) Candolle from South America; F. triphylla Linnaeus, in F. sect. Fuchsia, from Hispaniola, is known from only one gathering in Fujian. Similarly, Clarkia amoena (Lehmann) A. Nelson & J. F. Macbride is widely cultivated in China, whereas C. pulchella Pursh is known from only one gathering in Xizang; both species are native to W North America. There are no naturalized species of either Clarkia or Fuchsia in China.[1]

Physical Description

Habitat

Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 1,859 meters (0 to 6,099 feet).[2]

Biology

Reproduction

Duration: Perennial

Growth

Culture: Space 8-10' apart.

Soil: Minimum pH: 5.6 • Maximum pH: 7.8

Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Sun to Partial Shade.

Temperature: Cold Hardiness: 9b, 10a, 10b, 11. (map)

Taxonomy

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name .

Last scrutiny: 15-Mar-2000

Similar Species

Members of the genus Fuchsia

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 184 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:

F. andrei (Andre's Fuchsia) · F. arborescens (Tree Fuchsia) · F. boliviana (Bolivian Fuchsia) · F. boliviana 'Alba' (Bolivian Fuchsia) · F. campos-portoi (Fuchsia) · F. coccinea (Fuchsia) · F. coriacifolia (Smallscale Snapper) · F. denticulata 'Blush Fandent' (Fuchsia) · F. denticulata 'Strybing's Peach' (Fuchsia) · F. encliandra (Fuchsia) · F. encliandra encliandra (Fuchsia) · F. excorticata (Kotukutuku) · F. fulgens (Fuchsia Fulgens) · F. glazioviana (Fuchsia) · F. hybrida (Hybrid Fuchsia) · F. hybrida 'Double Otto' (Double Otto Fuchsia) · F. hybrida 'Island Sunset' (Island Sunset Fuchsia) · F. hybrida 'Santa Claus' (Santa Claus Fuchsia) · F. loxensis (Pena Pena) · F. 'Lycioides' (Box-Thorn Fuchsia) · F. magellanica (Hardy Fuchsia) · F. magellanica Lam. 'Aurea' (Hardy Fuchsia) · F. magellanica var. discolor (Hardy Fuchsia) · F. magellanica var. gracilis 'Variegata' (Variegated Magellan Fuchsia) · F. magellanica var. molinae 'Maiden's Blush' (Hardy Fuchsia) · F. magellanica var. molinae 'Sharpitor' (Hardy Fuchsia) · F. magellanica 'Hawkshead' (Hardy Fuchsia) · F. magellanica 'Riccartonii' (Hardy Fuchsia) · F. magellanica 'Sharpitor Aurea' (Hardy Fuchsia) · F. microphylla (Small-Leaf Fuchsia) · F. paniculata (Shrubby Fuchsia) · F. procumbens (Creeping) · F. procumbens 'Variegata' (Creeping Fuchsia) · F. 'Pumila' (Hardy Fuchsia) · F. ravenii (Fuchsia) · F. regia (Fuchsia) · F. splendens (Fuchsia) · F. splendens x arborescens 'First Success' (Fuchsia) · F. thymifolia (Encliandra Fuchsia) · F. triphylla (Honeysuckle Fuchsia) · F. triphylla L. 'Koralle' (Koralle Honeysuckle Fuchsia) · F. triphylla 'Firecracker' (Honeysuckle Fuchsia) · F. triphylla 'Mary' (Honeysuckle Fuchsia) · F. triphylla 'Professor Henkel' (Honeysuckle Fuchsia) · F. vulcanica (Volcan's Fuchsia) · F. × bacillaris (Dwarf Fuchsia) · F. 'Alice Hoffman' (Fuchsia) · F. 'Alison Patricia' (Fuchsia) · F. 'Angels Earrings Cascading' (Fuchsia) · F. 'Angels Earrings Dainty' (Fuchsia) · F. 'Angels Earrings Snowfire' (Fuchsia) · F. 'Annabel' (Bush Fuchsia) · F. 'Ann Marie McManus' (Fuchsia 'ann Marie Mcmanus') · F. 'Applause' (Fuchsia) · F. 'Archie Owen' (Fuchsia) · F. 'Army Nurse' (Fuchsia) · F. 'Auenland' (Fuchsia 'auenland') · F. 'Autumnale' (Autumn Fuchsia) · F. 'Baby Chang' (Hybrid Fuchsia) · F. 'Ballerina Blau' (Fuchsia) · F. 'Beacon Rosa' (Fuchsia) · F. 'Bella Rosella' (Hybrid) · F. 'Beryl Clarke' (Fuchsia 'beryl Clarke') · F. 'Bicentennial' (Fuchsia) · F. 'Billy Green' (Fuchsia) · F. 'Bilton' (Fuchsia 'bilton') · F. 'Bluette' (Fuchsia) · F. 'Blue Eyes' (Fuchsia) · F. 'Blue Mirage' (Fuchsia) · F. 'Brutus' (Single Fuchsia) · F. 'Carmel Blue' (Fuchsia) · F. 'Celia Smedley' (Fuchsia) · F. 'Chantelle Garcia' (Fuchsia 'chantelle Garcia') · F. 'Charlie Dimmock' (Fuchsia) · F. 'Checkerboard' (Fuchsia) · F. 'Chillerton Beauty' (Hardy Fuchsia) · F. 'Circe' (Fuchsia) · F. 'Clair De Lune' (Fuchsia) · F. 'Connor's Cascade' (Fuchsia 'connor's Cascade') · F. 'Daniel Pfaller' (Fuchsia 'daniel Pfaller') · F. 'Dark Eyes' (Fuchsia) · F. 'Dimples' (Fuchsia) · F. 'Display' (Single Fuchsia) · F. 'Diva Rose Blue' (Fuchsia) · F. 'Dollar Princess' (Dollar Princess Double Fuchsia) · F. 'Double Otto' (Hardy Fuchsia) · F. 'Elena' (Fuchsia) · F. 'Eva Boerg' (Semi-Double Fuchsia) · F. 'Exmoor Paths' (Fuchsia 'exmoor Paths') · F. 'Exmoor Pearl' (Fuchsia 'exmoor Pearl') · F. 'Exmoor Rose' (Fuchsia 'exmoor Rose') · F. 'Exmoor Silver' (Fuchsia 'exmoor Silver') · F. 'First Love' (Fuchsia) · F. 'Fluffy Ruffles' (Fuchsia) · F. 'Fuseedia red and white' (Fuchsia) · F. 'Garden News' (Hardy Fuchsia) · F. 'Gartenmeister Bonstedt' (Gartenmeister Bonstedt Triphylla Fuchsia) · F. 'Gloria Golding' (Fuchsia 'gloria Golding') · F. 'Goetzimpro' (Fuchsia 'goetzimpro') · F. 'Goetzlanda' (Fuchsia 'goetzlanda')

More Info

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Further Reading

• Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 23 1920-1926 Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1890- url p. 1078.
• Nicholson, G. The illustrated dictionary of gardening: a practical and scientific encyclopædia of horticulture for gardeners and botanists /edited by George Nicholson; assisted by J.W.H. Trail. .. and J. Garrett. .. 3 1884 London: L.U. Gill, [1884]-88. url p. 33.
• Novon a journal of botanical nomenclature from the Missouri Botanical Garden. 6 1996 St. Louis, MO: Missouri Botanical Garden, url p. 135, p. 136.
• Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, 4th series. San Francisco, California Academy of Sciences. url p. 86.
• The Bradley bibliography; a guide to the literature of the woody plants of the world published before the beginning of the twentieth century; Cambridge, Riverside Press, 1911-18. url p. 513, p. 643.
• The Garden: an illustrated weekly journal of gardening in all its branches. London: [s.n., url p. 563.
• The Gardeners' chronicle: a weekly illustrated journal of horticulture and allied subjects. London: [Gardeners Chronicle], 1874-1955. url p. 625.
• Trees and shrubs of Mexico / By Paul C. Standley. Washington, Govt. Print. Off., 1920-1926. url p. 1078.
• Chen Chiajui, Lu Shangzhi & Li Yibin. 2000. Onagraceae. In: Chen Chiajui, ed., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 53(2): 27-133.

Notes

Contributors

• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed March 27, 2012.

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal December 02, 2007:

• Biologiezentrum der Oberoesterreichischen Landesmuseen, Biologiezentrum Linz
• Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad
• , Biodiversidad de Costa Rica
• Missouri Botanical Garden, Missouri Botanical Garden
• USDA PLANTS, USDA PLANTS Database

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2667179
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-502686
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13759874
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:612597-1
• GRIN Nomen Number: 447355
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 502686
• International Plant Names Index (IPNI) ID: 106252-2
• Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: PDONA07050
• U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: FUPA2
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 39214

Footnotes

1. Jiarui Chen, Peter C. Hoch, Peter H. Raven, David E. Boufford & Warren L. Wagner "Onagraceae". in Flora of China Vol. 13 Page 274, 290, 400. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
2. Mean = 952.640 meters (3,125.459 feet), Standard Deviation = 583.040 based on 340 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]

©2004-2012 David Stang. All rights reserved.