Fritillaria agrestis

• Overview
• Interesting Facts
• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Overview

Vulnerable

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Description

Family Liliaceae

Herbs perennial , with a rhizome, bulb, or corm, rarely shrubby or treelike. Leaves basal and/or cauline, alternate, opposite, or whorled , parallel or rarely reticulate veined. Inflorescence a raceme , panicle, spike, umbel, reduced panicle, or other, or flowers solitary. Flowers bisexual , rarely unisexual , actinomorphic , rarely zygomorphic; bracts present or absent; bracteoles present or absent. Perianth usually corollalike, 6-merous, rarely 4- or 8-merous, in 2 whorls; segments free (tepals) or united . Stamens 6, rarely 3, 4, or 8, inserted opposite perianth segments; filaments free or adnate to perianth, rarely connate into a corona ; anthers usually 2-loculed, basifixed or dorsifixed and versatile, introrse , latrorse , or extrorse , dehiscing usually by vertical slits. Carpels usually connate for most or all of their length , rarely only at base ; ovary superior, rarely semi-inferior, 3-loculed, rarely 2- or 4-loculed, with axile placentae, or rarely 1-loculed with a parietal placenta; ovules usually anatropous . Nectaries septal, perigonal, or absent. Fruit a capsule or berry. Seeds with abundant endosperm and small embryo.

About 250 genera and 3500 species: worldwide, especially in temperate and subtropical regions; 57 genera (three endemic, two introduced ) and 726 species (379 endemic, 11 introduced) in China.[1]

Genus Fritillaria

Herbs, perennial , bulbose ; bulbs with 1several large fleshy scales and 0many small scales (often called rice-grain bulblets). Stem 1, erect , simple , absent in nonflowering individuals. Leaves alternate or whorled proximally in some species, sessile; blade linear to ± ovate ; nonflowering individuals with single elliptical , ovate, or obovate bulb-leaf. Inflorescences loosely racemose, bracteate ; bracts leaflike. Flowers 1many, usually nodding , 3-merous; perianth hypogynous, campanulate or cupulate ; tepals 6, in 2 similar whorls, distinct , nectaries present on all tepals, but better developed on inner ones; stamens 6, included ; anthers adnate to filaments near middle ; ovary superior, ± sessile; style unbranched or 3-branched. Fruits capsular , 3-locular, 6-angled or -winged, thin-walled, ± rounded , dehiscence loculicidal. Seeds many, in 2 rows per locule, yellowish to brownish, flat. x = 12, 13, often with chromosome fragments.

Species ca. 100: Northern Hemisphere.

A number of Fritillaria species are grown as ornamentals , although North American species can be difficult to grow and many have not been tried. Most require well-drained soil, full sun , and no summer watering. Native Americans used the bulbs of various species as food, typically roasted, sometimes dried for later use.[2]

Physical Description

Habitat

Depressions with clay or other heavy soils; 0--500 m [3].

Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 2,147 meters (0 to 7,044 feet).[4]

Biology

Reproduction

Duration: Perennial

Growth

Culture: Space 6-9" apart.

Soil: Minimum pH: 6.1 • Maximum pH: 7.8

Temperature: Cold Hardiness: 5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b. (map)

Taxonomy

Synonyms

Fritillaria biflora Lindley Var. agrestis Greene • Fritillaria liliacea Benth. • Fritillaria liliacea Torr. • Fritillaria succulenta Elmer

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name .

Last scrutiny: 06-Jan-2005

Similar Species

Members of the genus Fritillaria

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 62 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus:

F. affinis (Checker Lily) · F. affinis var. affinis (Checker Lily) · F. affinis var. affinis (Schult.) Sealy (Checker Lily) · F. affinis var. tristulis (Checker Lily) · F. agrestis (Stink Bells) · F. armena (Fritillaria Armena) · F. atropurpurea (Leopard Lily) · F. biflora (California Chocolate Lily) · F. biflora 'Martha Roderick' (California Chocolate Lily) · F. brandegeei (Greenhorn Fritillary) · F. bucharica 'Ariana' (Fritillary) · F. camschatcensis (Black Sarana) · F. cirrhosa (Fritillaria) · F. crassicaulis (Fritillaria) · F. davisii (Fritillary) · F. delavayi (Fritillaria) · F. eastwoodiae (Butte County Fritillary) · F. eduardii (Fritillary) · F. elwesii (Fritillary) · F. falcata (Talus Fritillary) · F. gentneri (Gentner's Fritillaria) · F. glauca (Siskiyou Fritillaria) · F. glauca 'Goldilocks' (Siskiyou Fritillary) · F. glauca 'Sunray' (Siskiyou Fritillary) · F. grayana (Gray's Fritillary) · F. imperialis (Crown Imperial Fritillaria) · F. imperialis 'Aureomarginata' (Crown Imperial Fritillaria) · F. imperialis 'Aurora' (Crown Imperial Fritillaria) · F. imperialis 'Lutea' (Crown Imperial Fritillaria) · F. imperialis 'Lutea Maxima' (Crown Imperial Fritillaria) · F. imperialis 'Orange Brilliant' (Crown Imperial Fritillaria) · F. imperialis 'Premier' (Crown Imperial Fritillaria) · F. imperialis 'Rubra' (Crown Imperial Fritillaria) · F. imperialis 'Rubra Maxima' (Crown Imperial Fritillaria) · F. latifolia (Fritillary) · F. liliacea (Fragrant Fritillary) · F. maximowiczii (Fritillaria) · F. meleagris (Checker Lily) · F. meleagris 'Alba' (Checkered Lily) · F. michailovskyi (Fritillaria) · F. micrantha (Brown Fritillary) · F. monantha (Fritillaria) · F. ojaiensis (Ojai Fritillary) · F. pallidiflora (Pale-Flowered Fritillary) · F. persica (Persian Fritillary) · F. persica 'Adiyaman' (Persian Fritillary) · F. persica 'Ivory Bells' (Persian Fritillary) · F. pluriflora (Adobe Lily) · F. pontica (Fritillary) · F. pudica (Yellow Bell) · F. purdyi (Purdy's Fritillary) · F. pyrenaica boissieri (Davidson's Fritillary) · F. raddeana (Fritillary) · F. recurva (Scarlet Fritillary) · F. sichuanica (Fritillaria) · F. striata (Striped Abobe Lily) · F. thunbergii (Fritillaria) · F. unibracteata (Fritillaria) · F. uva-vulpis (Foxs Grape) · F. verticillata (Fritillaria) · F. viridea (San Benito Fritillary) · F. walujewii (Fritillaria)

More Info

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Further Reading

• A flora of California, by Willis Linn Jepson. San Francisco, Calif., Cunningham, Curtis & Welch, 1909- url p. 307, p. 307.
• An illustrated flora of the Pacific States: Washington, Oregon, and California. Stanford University, Stanford University Press, 1923-[60] url p. 421.
• California native plantsman: UC Berkeley Botanical Garden, Tilden Botanic Garden: with an introduction by Walter Knight; interviews conducted by Suzanne B. Riess in 1990. url p. 146.
• Leaflets of western botany. San Fransisco:[J. T. Howell], 1932-1966. url p. 121, p. 122, p. 123, p. 356, p. 48.
• The standard cyclopedia of horticulture; a discussion, for the amateur, and the professional and commercial grower, of the kinds, characteristics and methods of cultivation of the species of plants grown in the regions of the United States a Illustrated with colored plates, four thousand engravings in the text, and ninety-six full-page cuts. New York, Macmillan, 1919 [c1914] url p. 1282.
• Wang Fa-tsuan & Tang Tsin, eds. 1978; 1980. Liliaceae. Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 15: 1--280; 14: 1--308.
• Beck, C. H. 1951. Fritillaries: A Gardeners Introduction to the Genus Fritillaria. London.
• Beetle, D. F. 1944. A monograph of the North American species of Fritillaria. Madroño 7: 133159.
• Farrens, B. M. 1947. A Taxonomic Study of the North American Species of Fritillaria. M.A. thesis. Stanford University.
• Marchant, C. J. 1981. Fritillaria in British Columbia. Davidsonia 12: 1925.
• Rix, E. M. and D. Rast. 1975. Nectar sugars and subgeneric classification in Fritillaria. Biochem. Syst. & Ecol. 2: 207209.
• Santana, D. O. 1984. Morphological and Anatomical Observations on the Bulbs and Tepals of Fritillaria (Liliaceae) Section Liliorhiza (Kellogg)
• Stapf, O. 1934. Lilium, Notholirion and Fritillaria. Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1934: 9496.
• Turner, N. J. and H. V. Kuhnlein. 1983. Camas (Camassia spp.) and riceroot (Fritillaria spp.): Two liliaceous root foods of the Northwest Coast Indians. Ecol. Food Nutr. 13: 199219.
• Turrill, W. B. 1950. Character combinations and distribution in the genus Fritillaria and allied genera. Evolution 4: 16.
• Turrill, W. B. and J. R. Sealy. 1980. Studies in the genus Fritillaria (Liliaceae). Hookers Icon. Pl. 39.
• Watson, Their Taxonomic Implications with a Synopsis and the Reproductive Biology of the Section. Ph.D. dissertation. University of California, Davis.

Notes

Contributors

• Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 11, 2012.
• "Fritillaria agrestis". in Flora of North America Vol. 26 Page 167. Published by Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed February 28, 2008. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 2 providers.
• Ruggiero M., Gordon D., Bailly N., Kirk P., Nicolson D. (2011). The Catalogue of Life Taxonomic Classification, Edition 2, Part A. In: Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist (Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D., eds). DVD; Species 2000: Reading, UK.
• The International Plant Names Index. Accessed Jan 19, 2007.
• USDA, NRCS. 2005. The PLANTS Database, Version 3.5 (http://plants.usda.gov). National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70874-4490 USA.
• World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Release date: November 27, 2009

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal February 28, 2008:

• Berkeley Natural History Museums: University and Jepson Herbaria DiGIR provider
• USDA PLANTS: USDA PLANTS Database

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 1
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: Kew-306488
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:535050-1
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 502668
• International Plant Names Index (IPNI) ID: 106042-2
• Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: PMLIL0V010
• U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: FRSU2
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 37509

Footnotes

1. Xinqi Chen, Prof. Song-Yun Liang, Jie-mei Xu, David E. Boufford, Michael G. Gilbert, Rudolf V. Kamelin, Shoichi Kawano, Tetsuo Koyama, Elena V. Mordak, Junko Noguchi, Victor G. Soukup, Hiroshi Takahashi, Kamilla G. Tamanian, Minoru N. Tamura & Nicholas J. Turland "Liliaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 24 Page 73. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
2. Bryan Ness "Fritillaria". in Flora of North America Vol. 26 Page 15, 58, 164, 173. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
3. "Fritillaria agrestis". in Flora of North America Vol. 26 Page 167. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
4. Mean = 493.860 meters (1,620.276 feet), Standard Deviation = 613.540 based on 36 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]

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