Interesting Facts
Common Names
Common Names in English:
Frailea
Description
Family Cactaceae
Fleshy
perennials
, shrubs
, trees
or vines
, terrestrial
or epiphytic. Stems jointed
, terete
, globose
, flattened, or fluted
, mostly leafless and variously spiny
. Leaves alternate, flat or subulate
to terete, vestigial, or entirely absent; spines, glochids (easily detached, small, bristlelike spines), and flowers always arising from cushionlike, axillary
areoles (modified short shoots
) . Flowers solitary, sessile, rarely clustered and stalked
(in Pereskia), bisexual
, rarely unisexual
, actinomorphic
or occasionally zygomorphic. Receptacle tube
(hypanthium or perianth tube) absent or short to elongate
, naked or invested with leaflike bracts, scales
, areoles, and hairs
, bristles
, or spines; perianth segments usually numerous
, in a sepaloid
to petaloid
series. Stamens numerous, variously inserted
in throat
and tube; anthers
2-loculed, dehiscing longitudinally. Ovary (pericarpel) inferior, rarely superior, 1-loculed, with 3 to many parietal
(rarely basal) placentas; ovules usually numerous; style 1; stigmas 2 to numerous, papillate
, rarely 2-fid. Fruit juicy or dry, naked, scaly
, hairy
, bristly
, or spiny, indehiscent or dehiscent
, when juicy then pulp derived from often deliquescent funicles
(except in Pereskia) . Seeds usually numerous, often arillate
or strophiolate
; embryo curved
or rarely straight; endosperm present or absent; cotyledons reduced or vestigial, rarely leaflike.
About 110 genera and more than 1000 species: temperate
and tropical
America; Rhipsalis baccifera (J. S. Mueller) Stearn native
in tropical Africa, Madagascar, Comoros, Mascarenes, and Sri Lanka; some species of other genera now extensively naturalized
in the Old World through human agency; more than 60 genera and 600 species cultivated as ornamentals
or hedges
in China, of which four genera and seven species more or less naturalized.[1]
Physical Description
Flowers: Bloom Period: April, May, June. • Flower Color: pale yellow, yellow
Size/Age/Growth
Size: under 6" tall.
Biology
Growth
Culture: Space 3-6" apart.
Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Sun to Partial Shade.
Moisture: Drought Tolerance: High
Temperature: Cold Hardiness: 10a, 10b, 11. (map)
Taxonomy
- Domain:
Eukaryota
(
)
- Whittaker & Margulis,1978
- eukaryotes
- Kingdom:
Plantae
()
- Haeckel, 1866
- Plants
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
()
- Cavalier-Smith, 1981
- Phylum:
Tracheophyta
()
- Sinnott, 1935 ex Cavalier-Smith, 1998
- Vascular Plants
- Subphylum:
Euphyllophytina
()
- Infraphylum:
Radiatopses
()
- Kenrick & Crane, 1997
- Class:
Magnoliopsida
()
- Brongniart, 1843
- Dicotyledons
- Subclass:
Caryophyllidae
()
- Takhtajan, 1967
- Superorder:
Caryophyllanae
()
- Takhtajan, 1967
- Order:
Caryophyllales
()
- Perleb, 1826
- Suborder:
Portulacineae
()
- Family:
Cactaceae
()
- Durande, 1782 ex A.L. de Jussieu, 1789, nom. cons.
- cactus
- Subfamily:
Cactoideae
()
- Tribe:
Notocacteae
()
- Genus:
Frailea
()
- N.L. Britton & J.N. Rose, 1922
- Specific epithet:
pumila
- (Lemaire) Britton & Rose
- Botanical name: - Frailea pumila (Lemaire) Britton & Rose
- Specific epithet:
pumila
- (Lemaire) Britton & Rose
- Genus:
Frailea
(
- Tribe:
Notocacteae
(
- Subfamily:
Cactoideae
(
- Family:
Cactaceae
(
- Suborder:
Portulacineae
(
- Order:
Caryophyllales
(
- Superorder:
Caryophyllanae
(
- Subclass:
Caryophyllidae
(
- Class:
Magnoliopsida
(
- Infraphylum:
Radiatopses
(
- Subphylum:
Euphyllophytina
(
- Phylum:
Tracheophyta
(
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
(
- Kingdom:
Plantae
(
Similar Species
Members of the genus Frailea
ZipcodeZoo has pages for 27 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus:
F. buenekeri (Frailea) · F. buiningiana (Frailea) · F. castanea (Frailea) · F. cataphracta (Frailea) · F. chiquitana (Frailea) · F. curvispina (Frailea) · F. friedrichii (Frailea) · F. gracillima (Frailea) · F. grahliana (Frailea) · F. grahliana moseriana (Frailea) · F. knippeliana (Frailea) · F. mammifera (Frailea) · F. perumbilicata (Frailea) · F. phaeodisca (Frailea) · F. pseudopulcherrima (Frailea) · F. pumila (Frailea) · F. pumila deminuta (Frailea) · F. pumila var. catiensis (Frailea) · F. pygmaea (Frailea) · F. pygmaea var. aurea (Frailea) · F. pygmaea var. curvispina (Frailea) · F. pygmaea var. dadakii (Frailea) · F. pygmaea var. grandiflora (Frailea) · F. pygmaea var. lilalunula (Frailea) · F. pygmaea var. longispina (Frailea) · F. pygmaea var. salusiana (Frailea) · F. schilinzkyana (Frailea Ybatense)
More Info
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- Search using Specialized Databases: GenBank | Medline | Scirus | CISTI/CAL | Agricola Periodicals | Agricola Books
Further Reading
- Checklist of CITES Species: a reference to the appendices to the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora CITES url p. 292, p. 301.
- Succulent plants in trade from the wild: analysis of conservation status and international trade UK Dept of the Environment, Transport and Regions url p. 128.
- The Cactaceae, descriptions and illustrations of plants of the cactus family, by N. L. Britton and J. N. Rose. Washington, The Carnegie Institution of Washington, 1919-23. url p. 209.
- The Cactaceae: descriptions and illustrations of plants of the cactus family / by N.L. Britton and J.N. Rose. Washington: Carnegie Institution of Washington, 1919-1923. url , p. 209.
- .Li Zhenyu. 1999. Cactaceae. In: Ku Tsuechih, ed., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 52(1): 272-285.
Notes
Contributors
- Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 17, 2012.
Identifiers
- Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 5783692
- Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:133245-1
- Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 740266
Footnotes
- Zhen-yu Li & Nigel P. Taylor "Cactaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 13 Page 209. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
