Fragaria virginiana

• Interesting Facts
• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Click on the language to view common names.

Description

Genus Fragaria

Herbs perennial , mostly stoloniferous , polygamo-dioecious , usually spreading or appressed hairy . Stolons often rooting at nodes and forming plantlets . Leaves alternate, petiolate ; stipules adnate to base of petiole , often membranous, sheathing ; leaf blade 3-foliolate or pinnately 5-foliolate. Inflorescence erect , cymose or corymbiform , few flowered, rarely a solitary flower. Hypanthium obconic or turbinate . Sepals 5, valvate , persistent ; epicalyx segments 5, alternating with and smaller than sepals, margin entire. Petals 5, white, rarely yellow, broadly obovate or suborbicular . Stamens numerous ; anther 2-loculed. Carpels numerous, free , borne on convex receptacle; ovule ascending from middle of locule; style adaxial , short, persistent. Aggregate fruit formed from enlarged receptacle, berry-like, long conic to globose , fleshy . Achenes numerous, seated in pits on surface of aggregate fruit, minute, brittle. Seed testa membranous; cotyledons convex. x = 7.

About 20 species: temperate and subtropical regions of N hemisphere, extending to South America; nine species (three endemic, one introduced ) in China.[1]

Physical Description

Habitat

Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 3,632 meters (0 to 11,916 feet).[2]

Biology

Reproduction

Duration: Perennial

Growth

Culture: Space 6-9" apart.

Soil: Minimum pH: 5.1 • Maximum pH: 7.8

Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Full Sun .

Temperature: Cold Hardiness: 2b, 3a, 3b, 4a, 4b, 5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b, 9a. (map)

Taxonomy

Notes

Name Status: Provisionally Accepted Name .

Name verified on 24-Mar-2006 by ARS Systematic Botanists. Last updated: 24-Mar-2006

Similar Species

Members of the genus Fragaria

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 1054 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:

F. abnormis · F. abortiva · F. alba · F. aliena · F. alpina (Alpine Strawberry) · F. alpina 'Alba' · F. americana · F. ananassa (Large-Fruited Strawberry) · F. ananassa cuneifolia · F. ananassa f. cuneifolia (Garden Strawberry) · F. ananassa var. variegata · F. argentea · F. arguta · F. aurea · F. australis · F. bargea · F. 'Baron Solemacher' · F. bathonica · F. bifera · F. bifurca · F. bonariensis · F. botryformis · F. 'Bowles' Double' · F. bracteata · F. breslingea · F. breslingea var. abortiva · F. breslingea var. hispida · F. breslingea var. nigra · F. breslingea var. pendula · F. breslingea var. pratensis · F. breslingea var. viridis · F. breviscapa · F. bucharica · F. californica · F. californica californica · F. californica var. crinita · F. californica var. lucida · F. calycina · F. calyculata · F. 'Cambridge Late Pine' · F. campana · F. canadensis · F. 'Cantata' · F. caroliniana · F. caroliniensis · F. caulescens · F. cerino-alba · F. chilensis · F. chiloensis (Sand Strawberry Fragaria Chiloensis) · F. chiloensis ananassa · F. chiloensis 'Chaval' · F. chiloensis chiloensis (Chilean Strawberry) · F. chiloensis f. chiloensis · F. chiloensis f. patagonica · F. chiloensis forma chiloensis · F. chiloensis forma patagonica · F. chiloensis lucida (Beach Strawberry) · F. chiloensis pacifica (Pacific Beach Strawberry) · F. chiloensis 'Pink Panda' (Pink Flowered Strawberry) · F. chiloensis sandwicensis (Sandwich Beach Strawberry) · F. chiloensis scouleri · F. chiloensis subsp. lucida · F. chiloensis subsp. pacifica · F. chiloensis subsp. sandwicensis · F. chiloensis var. ananassa · F. chiloensis var. calyculata · F. chiloensis var. carolinensis · F. chiloensis var. tincta · F. chiloensis 'Variegata' · F. chiloensis x virginiana · F. collina · F. collina var. cerino-alba · F. collina var. collivaga · F. collina var. consobrina · F. collina var. drymophila · F. collina var. dumetorum · F. collina var. hagenbachiana · F. collina var. rubricaulis · F. collina var. silvulicola · F. collina var. soyeriana · F. collivaga · F. consobrina · F. crinita (Pacific Strawberry) · F. cultorum · F. cuneifolia · F. daltoniana · F. 'Devon Pine' · F. dioica · F. drymophila · F. dubia · F. dulcis · F. dumetorum · F. 'Early Walpole's' · F. efflagellis · F. eflagellis · F. elatior · F. firma · F. florentina · F. fragarioides · F. 'Gerald Straley' (Strawberry)

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Further Reading

• A Yosemite flora; a descriptive account of the ferns and flowering plants, including the trees, of the Yosemite National Park; with simple keys for their identification by Harvey Monroe Hall and Carlotta Case Hall. San Francisco, Elder, 1912. ENG url p. 126.
• A botanical survey of the Sugar Grove region / by Robert F. Griggs. Columbus: Ohio State University, 1914. ENG url p. 321.
• A flora of California, by Willis Linn Jepson. San Francisco, Calif., Cunningham, Curtis and Welch, 1909- ENG url p. 173, p. 174.
• A provisional list of the parasitic fungi of Wisconsin. [Madison, 1914] ENG url p. 886, p. 940.
• Acta Soc. pro Fauna et Flora Fennica. Helsinki, Societas. ENG url p. 79, p. 80.
• Agriculture of Maine: annual report of the Commissioner of Agriculture of the State of Maine. Augusta: [State of Maine, Dept. of Agriculture, 1903-1940.] ENG url p. 117.
• An illustrated flora of the northern United States, Canada and the British possessions: from Newfoundland to the parallel of the southern boundary of Virginia, and from the Atlantic Ocean westward to the 102d meridian / by Nathaniel Lord Britton and Hon. New York: C. Scribner's sons, 1913. ENG url p. 259, p. 260.
• Annals of the Carnegie Museum. [Pittsburgh]: Published by authority of the Board of Trustees of the Carnegie Institute, 1901- ENG url p. 332, p. 333, p. 336, p. 341, p. 361, p. 362, p. 365, p. 388, p. 477, p. 611.
• Annotated list of the ferns and flowering plants of New York state, by Homer D. House. Albany, The University of the state of New York, 1924. ENG url p. 392, p. 393.
• Annual report / Entomological Society of Ontario. Toronto, The Society. ENG url p. 17.
• Atti della Societtaliana di scienze naturali e del Museo civico di storia naturale di Milano. Milano: 1896- ITA url p. 388.
• Beihefte zum botanischen Centralblatt. Cassel: Verlag von Gebrder Gotlhelft, 1891-1904. GER url p. 413.
• Bird-lore. New York, National Association of Audubon Societies. ENG url p. 203.
• Botanisches Zentralblatt; referierendes Organ für das Gesamtgebiet der Botanik. Jena [etc.]G. Fischer [etc.] GER url p. 170, p. 195, p. 252, p. 582.
• Bulletin de l'Acadmie internationale de gographie botanique. Le Mans: Impr. Edmond Monnoyer, 1899-1910. FRE url p. 229.
• Bulletin de la Société royale de botanique de Belgique. [Bruxelles]: La Société, [1866]-1989. FRE url p. 159.
• Bulletin des Sciences Physiques et Naturelles en Néerlande. Leyde. url p. 102.
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• Correll, D. S. and M. C. Johnston. 1970. Manual of the vascular plants of Texas. (F Tex) [lists as F. virginiana Duchesne].
• Dr. L. Rabenhorst's Kryptogamen-Flora von Deutschland, Oesterreich und der Schweiz Leipzig: E. Kummer, 1884-1966. GER url p. 644, p. 68.
• Duke, J. A. et al. 2002. CRC Handbook of medicinal herbs. (CRC MedHerbs ed2)
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• Erdély edényes flórájának helyesbitett foglalata / Enumeratio florae transsilvanicae vesculosae critica / ex mandato Societatis Scientiarum Naturalium Regiae Hungaricae scripsit Ludovicus Simonkai. a Kir. Magyar Természettudományi Társulat megbizásábol ir Budapest: Kiadja a Kir. Magyar Természettudományi Társulat, 1886. HUN url p. 217.
• Erhardt, W. et al. 2002. Zander: Handw and ouml;rterbuch der Pflanzennamen, 17. Auflage. (Zander ed17)
• Experiment station record. Washington: G.P.O., 1889-1946. ENG url p. 144.
• Facciola, S. 1990. Cornucopia, a source book of edible plants. (Cornucopia)
• Flora Einsidlensis: systematische Aufzählung der in Einsiedeln freiwachsenden und häufiger cultivirten Gefässpflanzen / von Thomas A. Bruhin. [Einsiedeln; K. und N. Benziger, 1864]. GER url p. 23.
• Flora Peoriana; the vegetation in the climate of middle Illinois. Peoria, Ill., J. W. Franks, 1887. ENG url p. 47.
• Flora der Umgegend von Hamburg. Hamburg, Meissner, 1846. GER url p. 117.
• Flora of Bermuda by Nathaniel Lord Britton New York, C. Scribner's sons, 1918. ENG url p. 164.
• Flora of Delaware and the Eastern Shore: an annotated list of the ferns and flowering plants of the peninsula of Delaware, Maryland and Virginia. [Wilmington]: Society of Natural History of Delaware, 1946. ENG url p. 142.
• Flora of Illinois, containing keys for identification of flowering plants and ferns. Notre Dame, Ind., University of Notre Dame Press, 1963. ENG url p. 113.
• Flora of Indiana, by Charles C. Deam. Indianapolis, Wm. B. Burford printing co., contractor for state printing and binding, 1940. ENG url p. 563.
• Flora of Lancaster County; being descriptions of the seed- plants growing naturally in Lancaster County, Pennsylvanial. By John Kunkel Small and Joel Jackson Carter. New York, 1913. ENG url p. 149.
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• Flora of New Bedford and the shores of Buzzards Bay, with a procession of the flowers. New Bedford [Mass.]E. Anthony, 1911. ENG url p. 12.
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• Flora von Tirol. Ein Verzeichniss der in Tirol und Vorarlberg wild wachsenden und häesiger gebauten Gefässpflanzen. Mit Berücksichtigung ihrer Verbreitung und örtlichen Verhältnisse verfasst und nach Koch's Synopsis d von Frz. Freih. v. Hausmann. Innsbruck, Wagner, 1851. GER url p. 261.
• Florula bostoniensis. A collection of plants of Boston and its environs, with their generic and specific characters, synonyms, descriptions, places of growth, and time of flowering, and occasional remarks. Boston, Cummings and Hilliard, 1814. ENG url p. 123.
• Gleason, H. A. and A. Cronquist. 1991. Manual of vascular plants of northeastern United States and adjacent Canada, ed. 2. (Glea Cron ed2) [lists as F. virginiana Duchesne].
• Great Basin naturalist memoirs. [Provo, Utah]Brigham Young University, 1976-1992. ENG url p. 525.
• Haandbog i den danske flora / af Joh. Lange. Kjöbenhaven: C.A. Reitzel, 1851. DAN url p. 313.
• Haandbog i den danske flora, af Joh. Lange. Kjøbenhavn, C.A. Reitzels forlag, 1856-1859. DAN url p. 354, p. 392.
• Hamburger Garten- und Blumenzeitung. Hamburg: R. Kittler, 1852-1890. GER url p. 346.
• Handbuch der systematischen botanik, mit besonderer berücksichtigung der arzneipflanzen. Bd. 1. Leipzig, H. Haessel, 1879. GER url p. 843.
• Handwörterbuch der naturwissenschaften / hrsg. von prof. dr. E. Korschelt (zoologie) prof. dr. G. Linck (mineralogie und geologie) prof. dr. F. Oltmanns (botanik) prof. dr. K. Schaum (chemie) prof. dr. H. Th. Simon (physi Jena: G. Fischer, 1912-1915. GER url p. 219.
• Histologische Beiträge / von Eduard Strasburger. Jena: G. Fischer, 1888-1909. GER url p. 41, p. 42, p. 43, p. 45, p. 46.
• Hitchcock, C. L. et al. 1955 and ndash;1969. Vascular plants of the Pacific Northwest. (F Pacif NW) [lists as F. virginiana Duchesne].
• IPGRI. New World Fruits Database - on-line resource. (New World Fruits)
• International catalogue of scientific literature. London: Published for the International Council by the Royal Society of London, 1902-1919. ENG url p. 109, p. 494.
• Inventory of seeds and plants imported / U.S. Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Plant Industry. Washington, D.C.: G.P.O., 1914-1924. ENG url p. 31.
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• Jahresbericht über das Gebiet der Pflanzenkrankheiten. Berlin: P. Parey, 1907-1917. GER url p. 218.
• Jahresbericht über die Neuerungen und Leistungen auf dem Gebiete der Pflanzenkrankheiten. Berlin: P. Parey, 1903-1905. GER url p. 348, p. 42.
• Jahresbericht der Vereinigung der Vertreter der Angewandten Botanik. Berlin: Gebruder Borntraeger, 1904-1906. GER url p. 215.
• Journal de botanique. Paris, Bureau de journaux. FRE url p. 220, p. 351.
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• Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History. Boston [etc.]Boston Society of Natural History. ENG url p. 148.
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• Recent advances in cytology, by C. D. Darlington. With a foreword by J. B. S. Haldane. With 16 plates, 160 text-figures and 81 tables. Philadelphia, P. Blakiston's son and co., inc., 1937. ENG url p. 172, p. 193.
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Notes

Contributors

• Bisby FA, Roskov YR, Orrell TM, Nicolson D, Paglinawan LE, Bailly N, Kirk PM, Bourgoin T, van Hertum J, eds (2008). Species 2000 and ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2008 Annual Checklist Taxonomic Classification. CD-ROM; Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed January 28, 2008. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 29 providers.
• IOPI-GPC
• USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. URL (April 28, 2008)

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal January 28, 2008:

• Berkeley Natural History Museums, University and Jepson Herbaria DiGIR provider
• Missouri Botanical Garden, Missouri Botanical Garden
• School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Arizona State University Vascular Plant Herbarium
• US National Plant Germplasm System, United States National Plant Germplasm System Collection
• USDA PLANTS, USDA PLANTS Database
• University of Alabama Biodiversity and Systematics, Herbarium
• Utah State University, USU-UTC Specimen Database
• Utah Valley State College
• , Utah Valley State College Herbarium

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2649871
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: IOP-591097
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13774507
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:725144-1
• GRIN Nomen Number: 267
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 24639
• Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: PDROS0R040
• U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: FRVIT FRVI
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 39815

Footnotes

1. Li Chao-luang, Hiroshi Ikeda, Hideaki Ohba "Fragaria". in Flora of China Vol. 9 Page 335. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
2. Mean = 577.260 meters (1,893.898 feet), Standard Deviation = 572.140 based on 2,636 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]

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