Flaveria linearis

• Overview
• Interesting Facts
• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Overview

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Description

Family Compositae

The largest family of flowering plants , the Compositae (Asteraceae), comprising about 1,100 genera and more than 20,000 species and characterized by many small flowers arranged in a head looking like a single flower and subtended by an involucre of bracts. A head may consist of both ray flowers and disk flowers, as in the sunflower, of disk flowers only, as in the burdock, or of ray flowers only, as in the dandelion.

Genus Flaveria

Annuals , perennials , or subshrubs , to 200+ cm [trees to 400 cm] (usually ± succulent, herbage usually glaucous). Stems (often purplish) erect or decumbent , branched distally or ± throughout. Leaves cauline; opposite (decussate) ; petiolate or sessile (weakly connate to connate-perfoliate ) ; blades (often 3-nerved) oblong-ovate to lanceolate or linear , margins entire, serrate, or spinulose-serrate, faces glabrous or short-pubescent. Heads radiate or discoid , usually in tight or loose aggregations in (often flat-topped) ± corymbiform arrays or glomerules . Involucres oblong , urceolate , cylindric , or turbinate , 0.5-2 mm diam. Phyllaries persistent , 2-6(-9) in ± 1 series (linear, concave , or boat-shaped , subequal ). Receptacles convex , epaleate ("receptacles" of glomerules sometimes setose ). Ray florets 0-1(-2), pistillate , fertile ; corollas yellow or whitish (laminae inconspicuous). Disc florets 1-15, bisexual , fertile; corollas yellow, tubes shorter than to about equaling funnelform to campanulate throats , lobes 5, ± deltate. Cypselae (black) weakly compressed , narrowly oblanceolate or linear-oblong (usually 10-nerved, glabrous) ; pappi usually 0, sometimes persistent, of 2-4 hyaline scales , or coroniform (of connate scales). x = 18.

Species 21: United States, Mexico, West Indies (Greater Antilles), Central America, South America, Asia (India), Africa, Australia.

Members of Flaveria are frequently found in alkaline , saline, and gypseous soils, often in disturbed and moist areas. Heads of Flaveria may be either radiate or discoid; when both are present in the same capitulescence , the discoid heads tend to be central and the radiate heads peripheral. Many species of Flaveria have persistent sheathing leaf bases that ring the stems after the leaves have fallen.

Flaveria is notable because certain species exhibit C3 photosynthesis, some C3-C4 (intermediate) photosynthesis, and others (F. brownii, F. bidentis, F. campestris, and F. trinervia in the United States) classic C4 photosynthesis.[1]

Physical Description

Habitat

Disturbed sites, beaches, hammocks , pinelands; 0-10(-20+) m (Ref. 100563).

Typically found in the intertidal zone at the water's edge at a mean distance from sea level of -154 meters (-504 feet).[2]

Biome: Coastal.

Biology

Reproduction

Duration: Perennial

Growth

Culture: Space 15-18" apart.

Soil: Minimum pH: 5.6 • Maximum pH: 8.5

Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Sun to Partial Shade.

Temperature: Cold Hardiness: 9a, 9b, 10a, 10b, 11. (map)

Taxonomy

Synonyms

Flaveria ×latifolia (J. R. Johnston) R. W. long & E. L. Rhamstine • Flaveria latifolia (J. R. Johnston) Long & Rhamstine

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name .

Comment: Data Providers: CONABIO, Caribbean Checklist , Govaerts World Compositae Checklist A-G, IPNI, MesoAmericana, Tropicos. GCC LSID: urn :lsid:compositae.org:names:51370DCA-3DDD-4CF4-AFBC-DFF2A51256A7

Last scrutiny: 13-Aug-09

Similar Species

Members of the genus Flaveria

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 9 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus:

F. bidentis (Coastal-Plain Flaveria) · F. brownii (Brown's Flaveria) · F. campestris (Alkali Yellowtops) · F. chlorifolia (Clasping Flaveria) · F. floridana (Florida Flaveria) · F. haumanii (Spinyface Soldier) · F. linearis (Narrowleaf Yellowtops) · F. macdougalii (Grand Canyon Flaveria) · F. trinervia (Clustered Flaveria)

More Info

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Further Reading

• A contribution to the botany of the Isle of Pines, Cuba, based upon the specimens of plants from that island contained in the herbarium of the Carnegie Museum under date of October, 1916. By O.E. Jennings. n.p., 1917 url p. 276, p. 287.
• A naturalist in the Bahamas, John I. Northrop, October 12, 1861-June 25, 1891; a memorial volume / edited with a biographical introd. New YorkColumbia University Press1910 url p. 125, p. 190, p. 211.
• A naturalist in the Bahamas: John I. Northrop, October 12 1861 - June 25, 1891; a memorial volume, ed., with a biographical introduction by Henry Fairfield Osborn. New York, The Columbia university press[c1910] url p. 125, p. 190, p. 206, p. 211.
• A naturalist in the Bahamas: New York, Columbia University Press[c1910] url , , , .
• Annals of the Carnegie Museum. [Pittsburgh]: Published by authority of the Board of Trustees of the Carnegie Institute, 1901- url p. 276, p. 287.
• Biologia centrali-americana; or, Contributions to the knowledge of the fauna and flora of Mexico and Central America. London, Pub. for the editors by R. H. Porter and Dulau & co., 1879-88. url .
• Britton, N. L. (ed.). North American flora. [New York]New York Botanical Garden. url p. 142, p. 145.
• Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club. 50 1923 New York: Torrey Botanical Club, 1870-1996 url p. 204.
• Catalog of hymenoptera in America north of Mexico / prepared cooperatively by specialists on the various groups of Hymenoptera under the direction of Karl V. Krombein. .. [et al.]. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1979- url , p. 1753, p. 1770.
• Compositae newsletter. Columbus, Ohio: Dept. of Botany, Ohio State University, 1975- url p. 60, p. 64.
• Contribution [I]-III to the coastal and plain flora of Yucatan, by Charles Frederick Millspaugh. 1 1898 Chicago, 1895-1898. url p. 395, p. 54, p. x.
• Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 23 1920-1926 Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1890- url p. 1603.
• Contributions to North American Euphorbiaceae--VI. II. Vegetation of Alacran Reef. By Charles Frederick Millspaugh. 2 1916 Chicago, Ill.: Field Museum of Natural History, 1916. url p. 424, p. 429.
• Fishery bulletin. United States Fish and Wildlife Service. Washington, The Service, U.S. Govt Print. Off. url p. 197.
• Flora of Miami; being descriptions of the seed-plants growing naturally on the Everglade Keys and in the adjacent Everglades, southern peninsular Florida. New York, The author, 1913. url p. 197, p. 197.
• Flora of Yucatan, by Paul C. Standley. 3 1930 Chicago, Field Museum of Natural History, 1930. url p. 445.
• Flora of the Florida Keys; being descriptions of the seed-plants growing naturally on the islands of the Florida reef from Virginia Key to Dry Tortugas. New York, The author, 1913. url p. 153.
• Flora of the Florida keys; being descriptions of the see-plants growing naturally on the islands of the Florida reef from Virginia key to Dry Tortugas, by John Kunkel Small. .. New York: The author, 1913. url p. 153.
• Flora of the sand keys of Florida, by Charles Frederick Millspaugh. 2 1907 Chicago, Ill.:Field Columbian Museum, 1907. url p. 195, p. 197, p. 203, p. 207, p. 211.
• Flora of the southeastern United States; being descriptions of the seed-plants, ferns and fern-allies growing naturally in North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Tennessee, Alabama, Mississippi, Arkansas, Louisiana, and in Oklahom by John Kunkel Small. New York, The author, 1913. url p. 1289, p. 1289.
• Flora of the southern United States: containing an abridged description of the flowering plants and ferns of Tennessee, North and South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, and Florida: arr. according to the natural system. New YorkAmerican Book Co.[1897] url p. 261.
• Floral almanac: containing the flowering season of one thousand and seven hundred phaenogamous plants of Florida / by A. Schaffranek. Palatka, Fla.: Palatka News Pub. Co., 1888. url p. 34.
• Florida wild flowers; an introduction to the flora of the Florida peninsula, by Mary Francis Baker, photographs by the author. New York, The Macmillan company, 1926. url p. 238, p. 246.
• Hymenoptera of America north of Mexico: synoptic catalog, second supplement / prepared by the staff and collaborators of the Hymenoptera Unit, Insect Identification and Parasite Introduction Research Branch, Entomology Research Division, Agricultural Research Service, under the Washington, D.C.: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, 1967. url p. 464.
• Journal of the New York Botanical Garden. 26 1925 Lancaster, Pa.: Published for the Garden by the New Era Printing Co., 1900- url p. 278, p. 282, p. 299, p. 3, p. 329, p. 66.
• Manual of the southeastern flora: being descriptions of the seed plants growing naturally in Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, eastern Louisiana, Tennessee, North Carolina, South Carolina and Georgia. 1933 New York: The author, 1933. url p. 1463.
• Memoirs of the Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society. London: The Society, 1882-1887. url p. 146.
• Memoirs of the Torrey Botanical Club. 12 1902-1907 Durham, N.C.: Published for the Club by the Seeman Printery, 1889- url p. 7, p. 72, p. 89, p. 94.
• Phytologia. Bronx Park, New York, H.A. Gleason and H.N. Moldenke, url p. 437.
• Plantae Utowanae. Plants collected in Bermuda, Porto Rico, St. Thomas, Culebras, Santo Domingo, Jamaica, Cuba, The Caymans, Cozumel, Yucatan and the Alacran shoals. Dec. 1898-Mar. 1899. The Antillean cruise of the yach 2 1900 Chicago, 1900. url p. 109.
• Plantae Yucatanae. (Regionis Antillanae) Plants of the insular, coastal and plain regions of the peninsula of Yucatan, Mexico. [By Charles Frederick Millspaugh.]. 3 1904 Chicago, 1903-1904. url , p. 136.
• Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. Philadelphia, Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia url p. 577.
• Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Boston: Metcalf and Co., 1846-1958 url p. 107, p. 281, p. 281.
• Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. Washington, Biological Society of Washington url p. 327.
• Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, 4th series. San Francisco, California Academy of Sciences. url p. 179, p. 568.
• Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington. Washington, etc.: Entomological Society of Washington url p. 44, p. 65.
• Proceedings of the United States National Museum. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, [etc.] url p. 236, p. 36, p. 645.
• Publication. Field Columbian Museum. 2 1900 Chicago.: Field Columbian Museum, 1895-1909. url p. 109.
• Small, J. K. Flora of the southeastern United States;being descriptions of the seed-plants, ferns and fern-allies growing naturally in North Carolina, South Carolin, Georgia, Florida, Tennessee, Alabama, Mississippi, Arkansas, Louisiana and the Indian territory and in Oklahoma and Texas east of the one-hundredth meridian /by John Kunkel Small. .. 1903 New York: The author, 1903. url p. 1289.
• Smithsonian contributions to knowledge. Washington: Smithsonian Institution, 1848-1916. url p. 94.
• Smithsonian miscellaneous collections. 31 1888 Washington: Smithsonian Institution, 1862-1968. url p. 354.
• Southern wild flowers and trees, together with shrubs, vines and various forms of growth found through the mountains, the middle district and the low country of the South, by Alice Lounsberry, with plates, vignettes and diagrams by Mrs. E. Rowan, with an introduction by C. D. Beadle. New York, Stokes[1901] url p. 528.
• Synoptical flora of North America: the Gamopetalae, a second edition of vol. I, pt. II, and vol. II, pt. I / collected by Asa Gray. Washington, D. C.: Smithsonian Institution, 1888. url p. 354.
• The Bahama flora, New York, The Authors, 1920. url .
• The Bahama flora, by Nathaniel Lord Britton and Charles Frederick Millspaugh. New York, The authors, 1920. url p. 454, p. 454, p. 454, p. 454.
• The vegetation of south Florida south of 27 30 north, exclusive of the Florida keys, by John W. Harshberger. Philadelphia, Wagner Free Institute of Science, 1914. url p. 166, p. 93.
• Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science. Topeka, Kan.: Geo. W. Martin url p. 57, p. 60.
• Transactions of the Wagner Free Institute of Science of Philadelphia. 7 1910 Philadelphia: Wagner Free Institute of Science of Philadelphia, 1887-1927. url p. 166, p. 93.
• Transactions of the. .. annual meetings of the Kansas Academy of Science. Topeka, Kan.: Kansas Pub. House, 1883-1901. url p. 135.
• Trees and shrubs of Mexico / By Paul C. Standley. Washington, Govt. Print. Off., 1920-1926. url p. 1603.
• Wrightia. 7 1981-1984 Richardson, Tex. [etc.]University of Texas at Dallas. url p. 168.
• Powell, A. M. 1978. Systematics of Flaveria (Flaveriinae-Asteraceae). Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 65: 590-636.

Notes

Contributors

• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 11, 2012.

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal December 10, 2007:

• Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden, Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden Virtual Herbarium Darwin Core format
• Missouri Botanical Garden, Missouri Botanical Garden
• USDA PLANTS, USDA PLANTS Database

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2667125
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: Ast-18025
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13759544
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:208011-1
• GRIN Nomen Number: 413073
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 502630
• MoBot NameID: 2726310
• Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: PDAST3V060
• U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: FLLA2
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 38615

Footnotes

1. Sharon C. Yarborough, A. Michael Powell "Flaveria". in Flora of North America Vol. 21 Page 245, 247, 248, 249, 250. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
2. Standard Deviation = 391.390 based on 43 observations. Terrestrial altitude and ocean depth information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]

©2004-2012 David Stang. All rights reserved.