Overview
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Endangered |
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Interesting Facts
- The Alerce (Fitzroya cupressoides) is confined to southern Chile and Argentina and is listed as Endangered . This is one of the largest trees in temperate South America and has been heavily logged since the end of the 16th century. The species has been removed from nearly all lowland sites, and at higher altitudes the trees are often burnt and illegally logged. Present estimates of the area occupied by the remaining stands is 20,000 ha, 15% of their original extent when Europeans arrived. (Ref 100465)
Common Names
Click on the language to view common names.
Common Names in English:
Chilean False Larch, Patagonian Cypress, Patagonian-Cypress
Common Names in Spanish:
Alerce
Description
Family Cupressaceae
Trees
or shrubs
evergreen
, monoecious or dioecious. Leaves decussate or in whorls of 3, scalelike and then often dimorphic
with flattened facial leaves and keeled
lateral
leaves, or needlelike particularly in juvenile plants
, often with an abaxial
resin gland
. Pollen cones terminal
or axillary
, solitary, maturing and shed annually; microsporophylls
6-16, decussate or whorled
, each bearing (2 or) 3-6(-9) pollen sacs
; pollen wingless. Seed cones usually terminal, solitary, globose
, ovoid
, or oblong
, dehiscent
or indehiscent when mature
in 1st or 2nd(or 3rd) year; cone scales developing after ovules originate in bract axils; bracts almost completely enveloped by cone scales, free
only at apex; ovules 1-numerous per bract axil, erect
; cone scales of mature cones 3-16, flat or peltate, woody, leathery, or succulent, 1-20-seeded. Seeds winged
or not; wings
derived from seed coat
. Cotyledons usually 2, rarely 3-6. Germination epigeal.
Nineteen genera and ca.
125 species: worldwide; eight genera (one introduced
) and 46 species (16 endemic, 13 introduced) in China.[1]
Physical Description
Habit: Evergreen .
Size/Age/Growth
Size: 15-20' tall.
Biology
Growth
Culture: Space 15-20' apart.
Soil: Minimum pH: 4.6 • Maximum pH: 6.5
Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Full Sun .
Temperature: Cold Hardiness: 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b, 10a, 10b, 11. (map)
Taxonomy
- Domain:
Eukaryota
(
)
- Whittaker & Margulis,1978
- eukaryotes
- Kingdom:
Plantae
()
- Haeckel, 1866
- Plants
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
()
- Cavalier-Smith, 1981
- Phylum:
Tracheophyta
()
- Sinnott, 1935 ex Cavalier-Smith, 1998
- Vascular Plants
- Subphylum:
Euphyllophytina
()
- Infraphylum:
Radiatopses
()
- Kenrick & Crane, 1997
- Order:
Coniferales
()
- Family:
Cupressaceae
()
- Richard ex Bartling, 1830, nom. cons.
- Cypress Family
- Genus:
Fitzroya
()
- Hook. f. ex Lindl.
- Specific epithet:
cupressoides
- (Molina) I. M. Johnston
- Botanical name: - Fitzroya cupressoides (Molina) I. M. Johnston
- Specific epithet:
cupressoides
- (Molina) I. M. Johnston
- Genus:
Fitzroya
(
- Family:
Cupressaceae
(
- Order:
Coniferales
(
- Infraphylum:
Radiatopses
(
- Subphylum:
Euphyllophytina
(
- Phylum:
Tracheophyta
(
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
(
- Kingdom:
Plantae
(
Synonyms
Abies cupressoides (Molina) Poir. • Cupresstellata patagonica (Hook. F. Ex Lindl.) J. Nelson • Fitzroya patagonica Hook. F. Ex Lindl. • Libocedrus cupressoides (Molina) Sarg. • Pinus cupressoides Molina
Notes
Name
Status: Accepted Name
.
Comment: Conservation
status: EN
(A1c-d, A2c-d), Habit: Tree
Last scrutiny: 5-Jun-2008
Similar Species
Members of the genus Fitzroya
ZipcodeZoo has pages for 1 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus:
F. cupressoides (Chilean False Larch)
More Info
- Search for Pictures: images.google.com
- Search for Scholarly Articles: Google Scholar
- Search using Scientific Name and Vernacular Names: All the Web | AltaVista Canada | AltaVista | Excite | Google | HotBot | Lycos
- Search using Specialized Databases: GenBank | Medline | Scirus | CISTI/CAL | Agricola Periodicals | Agricola Books
Further Reading
- 1997 IUCN red list of threatened plants Cambridge: IUCN, World Conservation Union, 1998 url p. 20.
- A Directory of Neotropical Wetlands. IUCN Conservation Monitoring Centre url p. 28.
- Annotated CITES Appendices and Reservations CITES url p. 116.
- Checklist of CITES Species CITES, WCMC url p. 251, p. 262, p. 288, p. 293, p. 301, p. 66.
- Checklist of CITES Species: a reference to the appendices to the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora CITES url p. 257, p. 260, p. 264, p. 291, p. 292, p. 300, p. 323, p. 325.
- Conservation and sustainable management of trees, report of the first regional workshop, held at Jameson Hotel, Harare, Zimbabwe 9-11 July, 1996 WCMC url p. 54.
- Contribution to an evaluation of tree species using the new CITES Listing Criteria CITES url p. 197, p. 198, p. 2, p. 4, p. 434.
- Field Museum of Natural History bulletin. Chicago, Field Museum of Natural History, [1930]-c1990. url p. 11.
- IUCN Directory of Neotropical Protected Areas IUCN url p. 11, p. 20, p. 9.
- Novon a journal of botanical nomenclature from the Missouri Botanical Garden. 12 2002 St. Louis, MO: Missouri Botanical Garden, url p. 187.
- Plants in Danger: what do we know? IUCN url p. 15, p. 73, p. 74.
- Pollen and spore morphology/plant taxonomy; gymnospermae, pteriodophyta, bryophyta (Illustrations) Stockholm, Almqvist & Wiksell;[1957] url , .
- Review of the World Heritage network: biogeography, habitats and biodiversity. Final draft UNEP-WCMC, IUCN url p. 114.
- The Marine Mammal Commission compendium of selected treaties, international agreements, and other relevant documents on marine resources, wildlife, and the environment / compiled by Richard L. Wallace. Washington, D.C.: The Commission; 1994 url p. 638.
- The South American herpetofauna: its origin, evolution, and dispersal / William E. Duellman, editor. Lawrence, Kan.: Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas, 1979. url p. 171, p. 345.
- The World List of Threatened Trees WCMC, IUCN url p. 228, p. 615.
- Tree species evaluation using the new CITES Listing Criteria CITES url p. 61, p. 62, p. 7.
- Wild Plants in Trade TRAFFIC url p. 8.
- World Atlas of Biodiversity: earth's living resources in the 21st century UNEP-WCMC url p. 333, p. 85.
- World Plant Conservation Bibliography WCMC, Royal Botanic Gardens url p. 143, p. 617.
- Wang Wen-tsai, Cheng Wan-chün, Fu Li-kuo & Chu Cheng-de. 1978. Cupressaceae. In: Cheng Wan-chün & Fu Li-kuo, eds., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 7: 313-398.
Notes
Contributors
- Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 and ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
- Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-2007. Systema Naturae 2000. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Accessed April 1, 2007.
- Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 16, 2012.
- Conifer Database 2006.
- Conifer Database. Release date: June 5, 2008
- Conifer Specialist Group 2000. Fitzroya cupressoides. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloadedon 01February2012.
- Conifer Specialist Group 2000. In IUCN 2008. 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCNRedList.org. Downloaded July 19, 2008.
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed November 20, 2007. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 2 providers.
- IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. . Downloaded on January 28, 2012.
- Ruggiero M., Gordon D., Bailly N., Kirk P., Nicolson D. (2011). The Catalogue of Life Taxonomic Classification, Edition 2, Part A. In: Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist (Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D., eds). DVD; Species 2000: Reading, UK.
- The International Plant Names Index. Accessed Jan 19, 2007.
- USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. URL (May 04, 2008)
Data Sources
Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 20, 2007:
- Missouri Botanical Garden, Missouri Botanical Garden
Identifiers
- Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2664503
- Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: Con-1925
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 14706091
- Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:676786-1
- GRIN Nomen Number: 17114
- Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 194880
- International Plant Names Index (IPNI) ID: 676786-1
- IUCN ID: 209840
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Species Identifier: R004
- Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 179993
Footnotes
- Liguo Fu, Yong-fu Yu, Robert P. Adams & Aljos Farjon "Cupressaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 4 Page 62. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
