Ficus elastica

• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Common Names

Click on the language to view common names.

Description

Family Moraceae

Trees , shrubs , vines , or rarely herbs, frequently with milky or watery latex, sometimes spiny . Stipules present, frequently caducous . Leaves alternate, rarely opposite; petiole often present and well-defined; leaf blade simple , sometimes with cystoliths , margin entire or palmately lobed , venation pinnate or palmate. Inflorescences axillary , frequently paired , racemose, spicate , capitate, or rarely cymose , sometimes a fig or syconium with flowers completely enclosed within a hollow receptacle. Flowers unisexual (plants monoecious or dioecious), small to very small. Calyx lobes (1 or) 2-4(-8), free or connate , imbricate or valvate . Corolla absent. Male flowers: stamens as many as and opposite to calyx lobes (except in Artocarpus), straight or inflexed in bud; anthers 1- or 2-loculed, crescent-shaped to top-shaped; pistillode (rudimentary sterile pistil) often present. Female flowers: calyx lobes usually 4; ovary superior, semi-inferior, or inferior, 1(or 2) -loculed; ovules 1 per locule, anatropous or campylotropous; style branches 1 or 2; stigmas usually filiform . Fruit usually a drupe, rarely an achene, enveloped by an enlarged calyx and/or immersed in a fleshy receptacle, often joined into a syncarp. Seed solitary; endosperm present or absent.

Between 37 and 43 genera and 1100�1400 species: widespread in tropical and subtropical areas, less common in temperate areas; nine genera and 144 species (26 endemic, five introduced ) in China.

Economically, the most important species are those of Morus and Maclura associated with the production of silk . Some species in Broussonetia, Maclura, and Morus are important for paper making; some species in Artocarpus, Ficus, and Morus have edible fruit; and some species of Artocarpus and Broussonetia are used for furniture or timber.[1]

Genus Ficus

Trees , shrubs , or woody vines , evergreen or deciduous, commonly epiphytic or scandent as seedlings; sap milky . Terminal buds surrounded by pair of stipules. Leaves alternate, monomorphic (dimorphic in F . pumila ) ; stipules caducous , fused, enclosing naked buds. Leaf blade : margins entire (lobed in F . carica ), rarely dentate ; venation pinnate or nearly palmate. Inflorescences small, borne on inner walls of fruitlike and fleshy receptacle (syconium) . Flowers: staminate and pistillate on same plant. Staminate flowers sessile or pedicellate ; calyx of 2-6 sepals; stamens 1-2, straight. Pistillate flowers sessile; ovary 1-locular; style unbranched, lateral . Syconia globose to pyriform ; achenes completely embedded in enlarged, fleshy, common receptacle and accessible by apical opening (ostiole) closed by small scales . x = 13.

Species ca. 750: tropics and subtropics, chiefly Asian.

Worldwide, Ficus is one of the largest genera of flowering plants . Members of the genus are usually treated as a separate tribe within Moraceae because of their unique inflorescence and wasp-dependent system of pollination.

The floral characters (especially of the American species, which are quite uniform ) are exceedingly difficult to use or of little value in distinguishing species. Therefore they are not used in the species descriptions. The form of the syconium, however, is often significant and taxonomically useful.[2]

Physical Description

Habitat

Disturbed sites; 0-10 m ; introduced [3].

Biology

Reproduction

Duration: Perennial

Growth

Culture: Space 9-12" apart.

Soil: Minimum pH: 5.1 • Maximum pH: 6.5

Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Light Shade.

Temperature: Cold Hardiness: 10a, 10b, 11. (map)

Taxonomy

Unambiguous Synonyms

1. Macrophthalma elastica (Roxb. Ex Hornem.) Gasp.
2. Macrophthalma elastica (Roxburgh Ex Hornemann) Gasparrini
3. Urostigma elasticum (Roxb. Ex Hornem.) Miq.
4. Urostigma elasticum (Roxburgh Ex Hornemann) Miquel
5. Visiania elastica (Roxburgh Ex Hornemann) Gasparrini

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name . Latest taxonomic scrutiny: 15-Mar-2000

Place of publication : Hort. bot. hafn. suppl. 7. 1819

Name verified on 08-Apr-2004 by ARS Systematic Botanists. Last updated: 08-Apr-2004

Similar Species

Members of the genus Ficus

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 2399 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:

F. abelii · F. abscondita · F. abutifolia · F. abutilifolia · F. acamptophylla · F. acanthocarpa · F. acanthophylla · F. acarouaniensis · F. acidula · F. acreana · F. acrocarpa · F. acrorrhyncha · F. aculeata · F. aculeata var. aculeata · F. aculeata var. micracantha · F. acuminata · F. acuminatissima · F. acuta · F. acutifolia · F. acutiloba · F. adamsii · F. adelpha · F. adenosperma · F. adenosperma var. chaetophora · F. adenosperma var. glabra · F. adhaerens · F. adhatodaefolia · F. adhatodifolia · F. adnascens · F. adolfi-friderici · F. adolphi-friderici · F. aechmophylla · F. aegrophylla · F. aequatorialis · F. affinior · F. affinis · F. afganica · F. afganistanica · F. afghanica · F. afghanistanica (Fig Tree) · F. africana · F. afzelii · F. afzelii var. caillei · F. aganophila · F. aggregata · F. aguaraguensis · F. agusanensis · F. ahernii · F. ajajuensis · F. akaie · F. alba · F. albert-smithii (Figueira-Do-Alberto) · F. albescens · F. albidula · F. albinervia · F. albipila · F. albipila var. albipila · F. albomaculata · F. albotomentosa · F. aldabrensis · F. alii · F. alnifolia · F. alongensis · F. alpestris · F. alternans · F. altimeraloo · F. altissima (Gao Shan Rong) · F. altissima 'Aureo Variegata' (Council Tree) · F. alutacea · F. alvareziana · F. amadiensis · F. amara · F. amazonia · F. amazonica (Figueira-Amaz�nica) · F. amblisyce · F. amblyphylla · F. amboinensis · F. americana (Central American Banyan) · F. americana subsp. greiffiana · F. americana subsp. guianensis · F. ampana · F. ampelas · F. ampelos · F. ampla · F. amplissima · F. amplocarpa · F. ampullacea · F. ampulliformis · F. anacardiifolia · F. anastomosans · F. andamanica · F. andicola · F. androbrota · F. androchaete · F. anggica · F. angladei · F. angolensis · F. anguina · F. angulata · F. angustata

More Info

• Search for Pictures: images.google.com
• Search for Scholarly Articles: Google Scholar
• Search using Scientific Name and Vernacular Names: All the Web | AltaVista Canada | AltaVista | Excite | Google | HotBot | Lycos
• Search using Specialized Databases: GenBank | Medline | Scirus | CISTI/CAL | Agricola Periodicals | Agricola Books

Further Reading

• A catalogue of the Coccid� of the world. [By] Mrs. Maria E. Fernald, A.M. Amherst, Mass., Carpenter & Morehouse, 1903. ENG url p. 201.
• A dictionary of the flowering plants and ferns, by J. C. Willis. CambridgeThe University Press, 1919 ENG url p. 266, p. 267, p. 573.
• A glossary of botanic terms with their derivation and accent. By Benjamin Daydon Jackson London, Duckworth;[1928] ENG url p. 102.
• A glossary of botanic terms, with their derivation and accent. London, Duckworth;1900. ENG url p. 70.
• A handbook of the fungus diseases of West Indian plants. [London, G. Pulman, 1910] ENG url p. 25, p. 25, p. 67, p. 67.
• A laboratory course in plant physiology, especially as a basis for ecology; by William F. Ganong. New York, H. Holt and Company, 1901. ENG url p. 72, p. 82.
• A manual of dangerous insects likely to be introduced in the United States through importations. Ed. by W. Dwight Pierce, entomologist, southern field crop insect investigations. Washington: Govt. print. off., 1918. ENG url p. 100, p. 102, p. 103, p. 255, p. 29.
• A provisional host-index of the fungi of the United States, by W.G. Farlow and A.B. Seymour. Cambridge, 1888-91. ENG url p. 208.
• Abbiw, D. K. 1990. Useful plants of Ghana. (Use Pl Ghana)
• Abhandlungen der K. K. Zool.-Botan. Gesellschaft in Wien. Wien: Alfred H�lder, K.U.K. Hof-und Universit�ts-Buch�ndler, 1901-1918. GER url p. 11, p. 8, p. 9.
• Abhandlungen. Berlin, W. de Gruyter [etc.] GER url p. 70.
• Acta Soc. pro Fauna et Flora Fennica. Helsinki, Societas. ENG url p. 245, p. 469, p. 590, p. 614, p. 72.
• Agricultural news. Bridgetown, Barbados, Bowen & sons;1902-22. ENG url p. 155, p. 231, p. 253, p. 261, p. 299, p. 309, p. 312, p. 348, p. 370, p. 394, p. 408, p. 417, p. 420, p. 421, p. 422, p. 422, p. 429, p. 7.
• An die Z�rcherische Jugend Z�rich. GER url p. 17.
• Anglo-russkii biologicheskii slovar' / [avtory, I. N. Afanas'eva et al.; spetsial'nye nauch. redaktory, O. I. Chibisova i L. A. Koziar]. Moskva: Russkii iazyk, 1979. ENG url p. 237.
• Annales Academiae Gandavensis. url p. 13.
• Annales de l'Institut Pasteur. Paris: Masson, -1972. FRE url p. 216.
• Annales de l'Institut colonial de Marseille. Marseille: Institut colonial de Marseille, -1906. FRE url p. 155.
• Annales de la Soci�t� entomologique de France. Paris: La Soci�t�, FRE url p. 533.
• Annales de la science agronomique franaise et trangre. Paris: Berger-Levrault1884-1930. FRE url p. 402.
• Annales des sciences naturelles. Paris: Fortin, Masson, 1834-1937. FRE url p. 124.
• Annales des sciences naturelles: comprenant La physiologie animale et v�g�tale, l'anatomie compar�e des deux r�gnes, la zoologie, la botanique, la min�ralogie et la g�ologie Paris: Crochard FRE url p. 427, p. 431, p. 433, p. 8, p. 85.
• Annales du Muse colonial de Marseille. Marseille: Muse colonial, 1907-1954. FRE url p. 14, p. 16, p. 164, p. 22.
• Annali di storia naturale. Bologna. url p. 129.
• Annals and magazine of natural history: including zoology, botany and geology London. url p. 408, p. 424, p. 425, p. 533.
• Annals of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Peradeniya. Colombo: Skien; 1901-1924. ENG url p. 360, p. 434, p. 435, p. 436, p. 437, p. 438, p. 448, p. 458, p. 463, p. 520, p. 90, p. 91.
• Annual report / Entomological Society of Ontario. Toronto, The Society. ENG url p. 52, p. 53, p. 73.
• Annual report of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution. Washington: Smithsonian Institution, -1965. ENG url p. 111.
• Annuario del R. Istituto botanico di Roma. Redatto dal Romualdo Pirrota. Roma [etc.]R. Istituto botanico de Roma, 1885-1908. ITA url p. 17, p. 37, p. 40, p. 42.
• Aphididae of Formosa By Ryoichi Takahashi. Taihoku, Formosa, The Institute, 1921- ENG url p. 60.
• Applied and economic botany, especially adapted for the use of students in technical schools, agricultural, pharmaceutical and medical colleges, and also as a book of reference for chemists, food analysts and students engaged in by Henry Kraemer illu Philadelphia, The author[c1914] ENG url p. 201, p. 240, p. 241, p. 513, p. 514, p. 516.
• Archiv f�r Naturgeschichte. Berlin: Nicolai, 1835- GER url p. 213, p. 29, p. 290, p. 429, p. 429.
• Atlas de botanique microscopique: manuel de travaux pratiques / par Henri Coupin, Henri Jodin, Andr� Dauphin�; pr�face de Gaston Bonnier. Paris: Vigot, 1908. FRE url p. 121, p. 14, p. 62.
• Atti del Reale Istituto Veneto di Scienze, Lettere ed Arti. Venezia. url p. 756.
• Atti della Accademia gioenia di scienze naturali in Catania. Catania [Italy]: L' Accademia, Zuccarello [etc.], 1824- ITA url p. 12.
• Beihefte zum botanischen Centralblatt. Cassel: Verlag von Gebrder Gotlhelft, 1891-1904. GER url p. 534, p. 536, p. 75, p. 80.
• Berichte der Deutschen Botanischen Gesellschaft. Berlin: Gebrder Borntrger, 1883-1987. GER url p. 214, p. 216, p. 218, p. 222.
• Biochemie der Pflanzen / von Friedrich Czapek. Jena: G. Fischer, 1922-25. GER url p. 256.
• Biological effects of radiation; mechanism and measurement of radiation, applications in biology, photochemical reactions, effects of radiant energy on organisms and organic products. Edited by Benjamin M. Duggar. With the cooperation of Janet Howell Clar New York andMcGraw-Hill Book Co., 1936. ENG url p. 786, p. 795, p. 826, p. 879.
• Biologisches Zentralblatt. Leipzig [etc.]VEB Georg Thieme [etc.] GER url p. 144, p. 635, p. 676, p. 676, p. 889, p. 889.
• Boer, E. & A. B. Ella, eds. 2000. Plants producing exudates. Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA). (Pl Res SEAs) 18:69. [lists as F. elastica Roxb.].
• Bollettino del Laboratorio di zoologia generale e agraria della R. Scuola superiore d'agricoltura in Portici. Portici: E. Della Torre, 1907-1927. ITA url p. 319.
• Bollettino del R. Orto botanico di Palermo. Palermo: Stab. tip. Emanuele Priulla, 1914-1921. ITA url p. 154.
• Bonplandia. Zeitschrift fr die gesammte Botanik. Hannover, C. Rmpler. GER url p. 129.
• Botanical microtechnique. Ames, Iowa State College Press[1951] ENG url p. 146.
• Botanische Untersuchungen ber einige in Java vorkommende Pilze, besonders ber Bltter bewohnende, parasitisch auftretende Arten / von S.H. Koorders. Amsterdam: J. Mller, 1907. GER url p. 113, p. 116, p. 118, p. 119, p. 120, p. 123, p. 124, p. 125, p. 126, p. 129, p. 13, p. 130, p. 132, p. 133, p. 136, p. 137, p. 14, p. 142, p. 144, p. 145, p. 146, p. 149, p. 15, p. 150, p. 152, p. 168, p. 171, p. 173, p. 175, p. 186, p. 19, p. 190, p. 2, p. 20, p. 202, p. 203, p. 205, p. 207, p. 209, p. 21, p. 218, p. 219, p. 22, p. 222, p. 228, p. 23, p. 231, p. 232, p. 234, p. 238, p. 239, p. 24, p. 241, p. 242, p. 243, p. 248, p. 25, p. 254, p. 26, p. 262, p. 27, p. 28, p. 29, p. 3, p. 30, p. 31, p. 32, p. 35, p. 36, p. 4, p. 42, p. 49, p. 53, p. 6, p. 62, p. 64, p. 66, p. 70, p. 71, p. 72, p. 74, p. 8, p. 81, p. 86.
• Botanische Wanderungen in Brasilien. Reiseskizzen und Vegetationsbilder, von W. Detmer. Leipzig, Veit & Comp., 1897. GER url p. 175.
• Botanisches Zentralblatt; referierendes Organ f�r das Gesamtgebiet der Botanik. Jena [etc.]G. Fischer [etc.] GER url p. 10, p. 112, p. 112, p. 130, p. 141, p. 143, p. 15, p. 150, p. 150, p. 152, p. 165, p. 170, p. 182, p. 192, p. 204, p. 205, p. 207, p. 207, p. 209, p. 222, p. 230, p. 230, p. 230, p. 231, p. 234, p. 240, p. 244, p. 25, p. 252, p. 266, p. 267, p. 269, p. 27, p. 271, p. 272, p. 274, p. 281, p. 287, p. 294, p. 303, p. 308, p. 309, p. 31, p. 310, p. 312, p. 313, p. 316, p. 32, p. 320, p. 338, p. 339, p. 339, p. 340, p. 341, p. 341, p. 358, p. 358, p. 36, p. 378, p. 380, p. 386, p. 394, p. 407, p. 418, p. 424, p. 428, p. 438, p. 442, p. 450, p. 452, p. 453, p. 454, p. 460, p. 465, p. 501, p. 521, p. 623, p. 63, p. 63, p. 63, p. 66, p. 84, p. 85, p. 89, p. 92, p. 96.
• Botanisk tidsskrift / utgivet af den Botaniske forening i K�benhavn. K�benhavn: H. Hagerups Forlag, ENG url p. 321, p. 424.
• Botany for ladies; or, A popular introduction to the natural system of plants, according to the classification of De Candolle. By Mrs. Loudon. London, J. Murray, 1842. ENG url p. 430.
• Bulletin - United States National Museum. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, [etc.];1877-1971. ENG url p. 275, p. 468, p. 88, p. 95.
• Bulletin de l'Institut botanique de Buitenzorg. Buitenzorg: Db 's Lands Plantentuin, 1898-1905. FRE url p. 2, p. 35, p. 38, p. 48, p. 6.
• Bulletin de la Fdration des socits d'horticulture de Belgique. Bruxelles [etc.]1861-1888. FRE url p. 22, p. 22, p. 24, p. 57, p. 64.
• Bulletin de la Societe botanique de France. 26 1879 Paris: La Société, 1854-1978. FRE url p. 131.
• Bulletin de la Soci�t� Imperiale Zoologique d'Acclimatation. url p. 343, p. 619.
• Bulletin de la Soci�t� entomologique de France. Paris: La Soci�t�, 1896- FRE url p. 291.
• Bulletin de la Soci�t� linn�enne de Normandie. Lons-le-Saunier [etc.]The Society. FRE url p. 169.
• Bulletin de la Soci�t� royale de botanique de Belgique. [Bruxelles]: La Soci�t�, [1866]-1989. FRE url p. 110, p. 153, p. 154, p. 208, p. 630.
• Bulletin des Sciences Naturelles et de Geologie. Paris. url p. 351.
• Bulletin international de l'Acadmie des sciences de Cracovie, Classe des sciences mathmatiques et naturelles. Anzeiger der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Krakau. Reihe B, Biologische Wissenschaften. Cracovie: Impr. de l'Universit, 1910-1919. FRE url p. 298.
• Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). London: BM(NH) ENG url p. 352.
• Bulletin of the Department of Agriculture, Jamaica. Kingston, Dept. of Agriculture, Jamaica. ENG url p. 258.
• Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club. 27 1900 New York: Torrey Botanical Club, 1870- ENG url p. 286, p. 365, p. 369, p. 373.
• Bullettino. Florence. ITA url p. 213.
• Carnegie Institution of Washington publication. Washington, Carnegie Institution of Washington, 1902- ENG url p. 189, p. 190, p. 58.
• Catalogue of scientific papers, 1800-1900. Compiled by the Royal Society of London. London, C.J. Clay and Sons, 1867-1902 [etc.] Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1914-25. ENG url p. 1042, p. 21, p. 296, p. 41, p. 447, p. 465, p. 486, p. 635.
• Catalogue of the mycological library of Howard A. Kelly. comp. by Louis C.C. Krieger. Baltimore, Privately printed, 1924. ENG url p. 128.
• Cenno sulla botanica agraria, medica, economica ed industriale della provincia di Siena / del prof. cav. Attilio Tassi. Siena: Tip. Sordo-Muti di L. Lazzeri, 1865. ITA url p. 98.
• Common trees of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands / by Elbert L. Little, Jr., and Frank H. Wadsworth. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, 1964. ENG url p. 536, p. 60, p. 68, p. 69.
• Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des s�ances de l'Acad�mie des sciences. Paris: publi�s avec le concours du Centre national de la recherche scientifique par MM. les secr�taires perp�tuels: -1965. FRE url p. 1017, p. 1073, p. 1081, p. 1114, p. 1171, p. 1174, p. 1239, p. 1254, p. 425, p. 466, p. 631, p. 684, p. 702, p. 704, p. 817, p. 959, p. 959.
• Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des s�ances de l'Acad�mie des sciences. Paris: publi�s avec le concours du Centre national de la recherche scientifique par MM. les secr�taires perp�tuels: -1965. FRE url p. 1033, p. 342, p. 402, p. 684.
• Conspectus regni vegetabilis: secundum characteres morphologicos praesertim carpicos in classes ordines et familias digesti, adjectis exemplis nominibusque plantarum usui medico technico et oeconomico inservientium = Uebersicht de zun�chst als Leitfaden N�rnberg: Joh. Leonhard Schrag, 1835. LAT url p. 14.
• Contributions to the fossil flora of the western territories By Leo Lesquereux. Washington, Govt. Print. Off., 1874-1883. ENG url p. 195.
• Culture et exploitation du caoutchouc au Brsil: rapport prsent M. le Ministre de l'Agriculture, Industrie et Commerce des tats-Unis du Brsil / par O. Labroy; avec la collaboration de V. Cayla. Paris: Socit Gnrale d'Impression, 1913. FRE url p. 23.
• Das Mikroskop, Theorie und Anwendung desselben / von Carl N�geli und S. Schwendener. Leipsig: W. Engelmann, 1867. GER url p. 528.
• Dassanayake, M. D. & F. R. Fosberg, eds. 1980–. A revised handbook to the flora of Ceylon. (F Ceylon)
• Der Tropenpflanzer; zeitschrift fr tropische landwirtschaft. Berlin. GER url p. 10, p. 101, p. 101, p. 101, p. 102, p. 103, p. 11, p. 112, p. 124, p. 129, p. 134, p. 140, p. 141, p. 142, p. 145, p. 15, p. 153, p. 155, p. 18, p. 18, p. 183, p. 190, p. 20, p. 202, p. 204, p. 208, p. 21, p. 210, p. 213, p. 214, p. 219, p. 22, p. 224, p. 225, p. 225, p. 226, p. 228, p. 23, p. 236, p. 240, p. 249, p. 26, p. 266, p. 269, p. 27, p. 271, p. 278, p. 279, p. 28, p. 284, p. 29, p. 297, p. 298, p. 3, p. 3, p. 300, p. 301, p. 303, p. 304, p. 310, p. 310, p. 313, p. 313, p. 314, p. 315, p. 327, p. 328, p. 338, p. 35, p. 356, p. 36, p. 382, p. 385, p. 386, p. 392, p. 4, p. 400, p. 401, p. 402, p. 404, p. 407, p. 408, p. 409, p. 409, p. 410, p. 422, p. 423, p. 427, p. 428, p. 428, p. 429, p. 431, p. 44, p. 442, p. 459, p. 469, p. 476, p. 484, p. 486, p. 492, p. 496, p. 498, p. 502, p. 506, p. 508, p. 512, p. 513, p. 514, p. 516, p. 529, p. 531, p. 535, p. 537, p. 538, p. 539, p. 544, p. 548, p. 55, p. 565, p. 565, p. 574, p. 575, p. 582, p. 583, p. 586, p. 589, p. 593, p. 6, p. 610, p. 625, p. 628, p. 642, p. 651, p. 655, p. 656, p. 658, p. 670, p. 674, p. 675, p. 68, p. 69, p. 691, p. 7, p. 707, p. 76, p. 8, p. 824, p. 825, p. 84, p. 841, p. 85, p. 85, p. 870, p. 9, p. 92, p. 94.
• Deutsches Magazin fr Garten- und Blumenkunde. Stuttgart, G. Weise. GER url p. 327.
• Die Entstehung elektrischer Str�me in lebenden Geweben und ihre k�nstliche Nachahmung durch synthetische organische Substanzen; experimentelle Untersuchungen. Stuttgart, Enke, 1920. GER url p. 63.
• Die Gartenkunst. Wrzburg [etc.]Selbstverlag der Deutschen Gesellschaft fr Gartenkunst [etc.]. GER url p. 34.
• Die Gartenwelt. Berlin: G. Schmidt, [1897- GER url p. 106, p. 113, p. 118, p. 162, p. 168, p. 187, p. 206, p. 22, p. 221, p. 224, p. 31, p. 35, p. 35, p. 361, p. 411, p. 455, p. 493, p. 503, p. 515, p. 516, p. 521, p. 561, p. 581, p. 59, p. 598, p. 603, p. 618, p. 630.
• Die Lehre von der Pflanzenzelle / von Wilh. Hofmeister. Leipzig: Engelmann, 1867. GER url p. 180, p. 416.
• Die Nat�rlichen Pflanzenfamilien nebst ihren Gattungen und wichtigeren Arten, insbesondere den Nutzpflanzen, unter Mitwirkung zahlreicher hervorragender Fachgelehrten begr�ndet von A. Engler und K. Prantl, fortgesetzt von A. Engler Leipzig, W. Engelmann, 1887-1909. GER url p. 392.
• Die Rohstoffe des Pflanzenreichs: versuch einer Technischen Rohstofflehre des Pflanzenreiches / Unter Mitwirkung von Max Bemberger, von Julius von Wiesner. Leipzig: W. Engelmann, 1914. GER url p. 439, p. 455, p. 457, p. 458, p. 459, p. 462, p. 464, p. 465, p. 479, p. 503, p. 504, p. 751, p. 970.
• Dr. L. Rabenhorst's Kryptogamen-Flora von Deutschland, Oesterreich und der Schweiz Leipzig: E. Kummer, 1884-1966. GER url p. 466, p. 475, p. 476, p. 553, p. 782, p. 956.
• Edinburgh New Philosophical Journal. url p. 67.
• Entomological news, and proceedings of the Entomological Section of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. Philadelphia[Entomological Rooms of the Academy of Natural Sciences] ENG url p. 312.
• Entomological news. [Philadelphia]American Entomological Society, 1925- ENG url p. 105, p. 202.
• Entomologische Rundschau. Stuttgart: A. Kernen, 1909- GER url p. 104.
• Entomologische berichten. Amsterdam. MUL url p. 151.
• Entomologische litteraturbl�tter, Repertorium der neuesten arbeiten auf dem gesammtgebiet der entomologie. Berlin. GER url p. 249.
• Experiment station record. Washington: G.P.O., 1889-1946. ENG url p. 1046, p. 112, p. 1156, p. 1236, p. 1257, p. 141, p. 148, p. 151, p. 152, p. 343, p. 347, p. 349, p. 448, p. 451, p. 553, p. 566, p. 646, p. 657, p. 658, p. 670, p. 743, p. 764, p. 950, p. 952.
• Flora Costaricensis / William Burger, editor. Chicago, Ill.: Field Museum of Natural History, 1977. ENG url p. 161.
• Flora melitensis nova [by] S. Sommier et A. Caruana Gatto. Firenze, Stabilimento Pellas, 1915. ITA url p. 428.
• Flora of Bermuda by Nathaniel Lord Britton New York, C. Scribner's sons, 1918. ENG url p. 102.
• Flora of Costa Rica by Paul C. Standley Chicago, 1937. ENG url p. 386.
• Flora of Guatemala, by Paul C. Standley and J.A. Steyermark. Chicago, 1946- ENG url p. 32, p. 38.
• Flora of the Lancetilla Valley, Honduras, by Paul C. Standley. Chicago, Field Museum of Natural History, 1931. ENG url p. 168.
• Flora voor de Nederlandsch West-Indische eilanden, door I. Boldingh Amsterdam, Druk. van J. H. de Bussy, 1913. DUT url p. 167, p. 410, p. 433, p. 68.
• Flore de l'�le de Lesbos: plantes sauvages et cultiv�es / par C.A. Candargy. �ster-Z�rich: A. Diggelmann, 1889. FRE url p. 29.
• Forestry quarterly. Ithaca, N.Y. [etc.] ENG url p. 645, p. 667.
• Forestry. London: W. Rider, [1883-1886]. ENG url p. 43.
• Forhandlinger ved de Skandinaviske Naturforskeres Mde. Gtheborg, etc., 1840-1925. MUL url p. 102.
• Gardening. Chicago, the Gardening Co., 1892-1925. ENG url p. 104, p. 138, p. 295, p. 295, p. 66.
• Garten-Zeitung. Berlin, P. Parey. GER url p. 169, p. 529.
• Gartenflora. Erlangen: F. Enke, 1852-1940. GER url p. 108, p. 14, p. 229, p. 252, p. 275, p. 282, p. 298, p. 319, p. 433, p. 455, p. 503, p. 513, p. 570, p. 626.
• Gray's Botanical text-book. [New York: American Book Company, c1879.] ENG url p. 280, p. 40.
• Gray's school and field book of botany, consisting of "Lessons in botany, " and "Field, forest, and garden botany, " bound in one volume / by Asa Gray... New York: American Book co., [1887] ENG url p. 298.
• Great Basin naturalist memoirs. [Provo, Utah]Brigham Young University, 1976-1992. ENG url p. 195.
• Grierson, A. J. C. & D. J. Long. 1984–. Flora of Bhutan including a record of plants from Sikkim. (F Bhutan)
• Hamburger Garten- und Blumenzeitung. Hamburg: R. Kittler, 1852-1890. GER url p. 103, p. 112, p. 114, p. 116, p. 157, p. 168, p. 174, p. 194, p. 198, p. 230, p. 235, p. 244, p. 246, p. 30, p. 307, p. 311, p. 328, p. 360, p. 371, p. 380, p. 384, p. 384, p. 393, p. 399, p. 4, p. 401, p. 402, p. 406, p. 464, p. 470, p. 473, p. 491, p. 506, p. 514, p. 514, p. 529, p. 76, p. 89.
• Handbuch der vergleichenden Physiologie / bearb. von E. Bab�k [et al.]. Jena: Fischer, 1910-24. GER url p. 427, p. 428.
• Handw�rterbuch der naturwissenschaften / hrsg. von prof. dr. E. Korschelt (zoologie) prof. dr. G. Linck (mineralogie und geologie) prof. dr. F. Oltmanns (botanik) prof. dr. K. Schaum (chemie) prof. dr. H. Th. Simon (physi Jena: G. Fischer, 1912-1915. GER url p. 1220, p. 387, p. 776, p. 844.
• Hara, H. et al. 1978–1982. An enumeration of the flowering plants of Nepal. (L Nepal)
• Hardwicke's science-gossip: an illustrated medium of interchange and gossip for students and lovers of nature. London: Robert Hardwicke, 1866- ENG url p. 129.
• Hesdrffers Monatshefte fr Blumen und Gartenfreunde. Berlin: R. Oppenheim (G. Schmidt), [1896-1897] GER url p. 418, p. 482.
• Histologische Beitr�ge / von Eduard Strasburger. Jena: G. Fischer, 1888-1909. GER url p. 201, p. 204, p. 205, p. 207, p. 34, p. 50, p. 511, p. 514, p. 515, p. 567, p. 598, p. 686, p. 720, p. 732, p. 927.
• Horticulteur belge, journal des jardiniers et amateurs. Bruxelles, 1833-1838. FRE url p. 154, p. 342.
• Horticulture. Boston, Mass.: Horticulture Pub. Co., c1904- ENG url p. 132, p. 152, p. 184, p. 188, p. 196, p. 234, p. 241, p. 270, p. 279, p. 289, p. 3, p. 304, p. 305, p. 31, p. 314, p. 325, p. 328, p. 336, p. 4, p. 400, p. 411, p. 415, p. 418, p. 426, p. 432, p. 437, p. 450, p. 463, p. 471, p. 499, p. 553, p. 566, p. 585, p. 598, p. 605, p. 719, p. 741, p. 762, p. 785, p. 790, p. 796, p. 813, p. 814, p. 814, p. 853, p. 880, p. 881, p. 882, p. 885, p. 888, p. 94, p. 95, p. 98.
• House plants / by Robert Van Tress. Chicago:Field Museum of Natural History, 1937. ENG url p. 18.
• Howard, R. 1974–1989. Flora of the lesser Antilles. (F LAnt) 4:61.
• I giardini: giornale d'orticoltura / redatto da un Antofilo Colla cooperzione di insigni Botanici Amatori di piante e Orticultori italiani. Milano: Tipografia e Litografia degli ingegneri. ITA url p. 371, p. 99.
• Illustrierte Garten-Zeitung. Stuttgart, E. Schweizerbart. GER url p. 139, p. 167, p. 173, p. 176, p. 185, p. 189, p. 190, p. 40, p. 41, p. 62.
• India rubber world. [Philadelphia, Bill Brothers Publishing Corp.] ENG url p. 104, p. 115, p. 136, p. 14, p. 16, p. 160, p. 168, p. 169, p. 18, p. 188, p. 194, p. 207, p. 218, p. 229, p. 235, p. 238, p. 239, p. 259, p. 264, p. 266, p. 267, p. 270, p. 273, p. 274, p. 290, p. 291, p. 300, p. 318, p. 322, p. 322, p. 338, p. 339, p. 340, p. 35, p. 36, p. 369, p. 377, p. 39, p. 40, p. 409, p. 411, p. 414, p. 42, p. 426, p. 43, p. 43, p. 44, p. 441, p. 467, p. 507, p. 519, p. 532, p. 533, p. 555, p. 57, p. 594, p. 618, p. 70, p. 71, p. 81, p. 82, p. 84, p. 92.
• Indian forest insects of economic importance. Coleoptera. By Edward Percy Stebbing. London, Printed by Eyre & Spottiswoode, ltd., 1914. ENG url p. 17, p. 211, p. 352, p. 366, p. 51, p. 638.
• Indisch natuuronderzoek door Marius Jacob Sirks [Amsterdam]Amsterdanmsche boek- en steendrukkerij v/h Ellerman, Harms & co., 1915. DUT url p. 274.
• Injurious and beneficial insects of California. / By E. O. Essig. Sacramento, California state printing office, 1915 ENG url p. 71.
• International catalogue of scientific literature. London: Published for the International Council by the Royal Society of London, 1902-1919. ENG url p. 100, p. 1114, p. 128, p. 138, p. 145, p. 191, p. 213, p. 214, p. 252, p. 261, p. 263, p. 301, p. 317, p. 324, p. 324, p. 325, p. 348, p. 367, p. 381, p. 420, p. 432, p. 450, p. 459, p. 470, p. 485, p. 503, p. 515, p. 516, p. 524, p. 542, p. 551, p. 580, p. 617, p. 625, p. 645, p. 789, p. 81, p. 813.
• International review of agricultural economics. Rome [Italy]: International Institute of Agriculture, Bureau of Economic and Social Intelligence, 1916-1926. ENG url p. 73.
• Inventory of seeds and plants imported / U.S. Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Plant Industry. Washington, D.C.: G.P.O., 1914-1924. ENG url p. 67.
• Irish gardening. [Dublin: Pub. Office, 1906-1922] ENG url p. 68.
• Jahrbuch f�r Gartenkunde und Botanik. Bonn: E. Strauss., 1884-1890. GER url p. 416, p. 466, p. 69.
• Jahrb�cher des Nassauischen Vereins f�r Naturkunde. Wiesbaden: J.F. Bergmann, GER url p. 56.
• Jahrb�cher f�r wissenschaftliche Botanik. Berlin:G. Borntraeger, 1858-1944. GER url p. 136, p. 151, p. 154, p. 178, p. 184, p. 184, p. 185, p. 247, p. 264, p. 33, p. 330, p. 332, p. 335, p. 342, p. 46, p. 48, p. 784, p. 787.
• Jahresbericht der K�nigl. Schwedischen Akademie der Wissenschaften �ber die Fortschritte der Botanik Breslau:Konigl. Schwedischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1838-1847. GER url p. 258, p. 67.
• Jahresbericht der Vereinigung f�r Angewandte Botanik. Berlin: Gebr�der Borntraeger, 1907-1919. GER url p. 37, p. 38.
• Jahresbericht �ber das Gebiet der Pflanzenkrankheiten. Berlin: P. Parey, 1907-1917. GER url p. 228, p. 238, p. 253, p. 266, p. 283, p. 40.
• Jahresbericht �ber die Fortschritte auf dem Gesamtgebiete der Agrikultur-Chemie. Berlin: Julius Springer, 1866-1919. GER url p. 198, p. 275, p. 303, p. 421.
• Jahresbericht �ber die Neuerungen und Leistungen auf dem Gebiete der Pflanzenkrankheiten. Berlin: P. Parey, 1903-1905. GER url p. 216, p. 239, p. 320, p. 78.
• Jahreshefte des Vereins f�r vaterl��ndische Naturkunde in W�rttemberg. Stuttgart. GER url p. 262, p. 325, p. 331, p. 348, p. 358, p. 67.
• Journal d'agriculture tropicale: agricole, scientifique et commercial. [Paris, Dubois et Bauer, etc.] FRE url p. 10, p. 111, p. 112, p. 128, p. 144, p. 152, p. 199, p. 224, p. 242, p. 243, p. 244, p. 264, p. 265, p. 266, p. 283, p. 284, p. 305, p. 324, p. 329, p. 330, p. 331, p. 351, p. 378, p. 40, p. 67, p. 68.
• Journal d'horticulture pratique de la Belgique, ou Guide des amateurs et jardiniers. Bruxelles: F. Parent, 1848-1861. FRE url p. 340.
• Journal de botanique. Paris, Bureau de journaux. FRE url p. 351, p. 94.
• Journal de l'agriculture. Paris: Ch. Delagrave, FRE url p. 105, p. 190.
• Journal de la Soci�t� centrale d'horticulture de France. Paris: Au si�ge de la Soci�t�, 1871-1883. FRE url p. 374.
• Journal de la Soci�t� nationale d'horticulture de France. Paris: Au si�ge de la Soci�t�, 1886-1927. FRE url p. 306, p. 346, p. 408, p. 428, p. 524, p. 712, p. 754, p. 759, p. 845, p. 87.
• Journal of applied microscopy and laboratory methods. Rochester, N.Y.: Publication Dept., Bausch & Lomb Optical Co., [1901-1903] ENG url p. 2698.
• Journal of applied microscopy. Rochester, N.Y.: Publication Dept., Bausch & Lomb Optical Co., [1898-1900] ENG url p. 201.
• Journal of botany, British and foreign. London: Robert Hardwicke, 1863-1942. ENG url p. 27, p. 399.
• Journal of economic entomology. [College Park, Md., etc.]Entomological Society of America [etc.] ENG url p. 423.
• Journal of forestry. Washington: Society of American Foresters, 1917- ENG url p. 419.
• Journal of mycology. Manhattan, Kan.: [s.n.], 1885-1908. ENG url p. 179, p. 68.
• Journal of the New-York Microscopical Society. New York: The Society, 1885-[1903] ENG url p. 117.
• Journal of the Royal Institution of Great Britain London: Royal Institution of Great Britain ENG url p. 635.
• Journal of the Royal Microscopical Society. Oxford [etc.]Royal Microscopical Society. ENG url p. 217, p. 427, p. 456, p. 668.
• Just's botanischer jahresbericht. Systematisch geordnetes repertorium der botanischen literatur aller l�nder. Berlin, Gebr. Borntraeger, 1874-98; GER url p. 100, p. 106, p. 106, p. 106, p. 1078, p. 1100, p. 1103, p. 1104, p. 1109, p. 1118, p. 1121, p. 1122, p. 1122, p. 1123, p. 1135, p. 1143, p. 1177, p. 119, p. 123, p. 1313, p. 134, p. 1416, p. 142, p. 1421, p. 144, p. 1442, p. 1443, p. 148, p. 162, p. 164, p. 164, p. 166, p. 166, p. 167, p. 167, p. 172, p. 2, p. 219, p. 22, p. 261, p. 268, p. 27, p. 271, p. 279, p. 286, p. 287, p. 288, p. 295, p. 307, p. 308, p. 320, p. 325, p. 327, p. 335, p. 339, p. 347, p. 367, p. 37, p. 374, p. 380, p. 385, p. 386, p. 393, p. 4, p. 40, p. 400, p. 402, p. 403, p. 409, p. 41, p. 41, p. 410, p. 411, p. 412, p. 412, p. 413, p. 426, p. 429, p. 43, p. 442, p. 448, p. 456, p. 466, p. 47, p. 484, p. 492, p. 494, p. 507, p. 516, p. 52, p. 551, p. 565, p. 576, p. 578, p. 583, p. 596, p. 6, p. 63, p. 63, p. 65, p. 663, p. 672, p. 672, p. 675, p. 68, p. 712, p. 724, p. 726, p. 73, p. 738, p. 742, p. 752, p. 758, p. 759, p. 764, p. 767, p. 768, p. 769, p. 770, p. 777, p. 789, p. 790, p. 791, p. 793, p. 805, p. 805, p. 809, p. 810, p. 82, p. 824, p. 829, p. 830, p. 84, p. 877, p. 886, p. 886, p. 889, p. 891, p. 913, p. 926, p. 929, p. 936, p. 937, p. 938, p. 942, p. 950, p. 98, p. 980, p. 988, p. 99, p. 990, p. 990.
• Kansas University quarterly. Lawrence, Kansas, The University. ENG url p. 115.
• Krüssmann, G. 1984. Handbuch de Laubgeholze, Engl. translat. (Krussmann)
• L'Agricoltura coloniale. Firenze, Istituto agronomico per l'Africa italiana [etc.] ITA url p. 180, p. 182, p. 183, p. 221, p. 222.
• L'Agriculture pratique des pays chauds. Paris: Augustin Challamel, [1901-1932] FRE url p. 123, p. 155, p. 163, p. 164, p. 179, p. 255, p. 256, p. 311, p. 33, p. 34, p. 386, p. 424, p. 43, p. 52, p. 52, p. 53, p. 54, p. 600, p. 601, p. 602, p. 630, p. 74.
• L'Ann�e biologique. Paris, Masson. FRE url p. 162, p. 174, p. 197, p. 483, p. 580.
• L'Horticulteur franais de mil huit cent cinquante et un: journal des amateurs et des intrts horticoles. Paris: Bureau du journal, 1851-1872. FRE url p. 120.
• L'Illustration horticole; journal international populaire de l'horticulture dans toutes ses branches. Ghent; FRE url p. 130, p. 131, p. 131, p. 132, p. 243, p. 269, p. 32, p. 390, p. 56, p. 79.
• Le Jardin. Paris: Librairie horticole du Jardin, 1887-1921. FRE url p. 169, p. 172, p. 197, p. 286, p. 296, p. 319.
• Le Naturaliste. Paris: Bureaux aris, 1879-1910. FRE url p. 279.
• Le Naturaliste: journal des �changes et des nouvelles. Paris: Bureaux � Paris, 1879-1910. FRE url p. 214.
• Lectures on plant physiology. Authorized English translation by R.J. Harvey Gibson. Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1907. ENG url p. 104.
• Lehrbuch der botanik nach dem gegenw�rtigen stand der wissenschaft. Bearb. von dr. Julius Sachs Leipzig, W. Engelmann, 1874. GER url p. 106, p. 69, p. 70, p. 87.
• Lehrbuch der �kologischen pflanzengeographie, von Eug. Warming und P. Graebner. Berlin, Gebr�der Borntraeger, 1902. GER url p. 19, p. 359.
• Leopoldina. Dresen: E. Blochmann & Sohn, GER url p. 74.
• Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium. 1976. Hortus third. (Hortus 3)
• Life and death at low temperatures, by B. J. Luyet and P. M. Gehenio Normandy, Mo., Biodynamica, 1940. ENG url p. 132.
• London and Edinburgh Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science. London. url p. 157, p. 530.
• Lyon-horticole. Lyon: Impr. du Salut public, FRE url p. 148, p. 152, p. 169, p. 323, p. 354, p. 358, p. 381, p. 395.
• Magazine of natural history and journal of zoology, botany, mineralogy, geology and meteorology London. url p. 196.
• Microscopic objects, animal, vegetable and mineral; with instructions for preparing and viewing them. London, Whittaker, 1847. ENG url p. 11.
• Mikrochemie der Pflanze. Jena, G. Fischer, 1921. GER url p. 170, p. 60, p. 72.
• Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen entomologischen Gesellschaft = Bulletin de la Soci�t� entomologique suisse. Schauffhausen, Switzerland: [s.n.], GER url p. 474.
• Monografia delle cocciniglie italiane. Opera postuma. Ed. curata e accresciuta di un'appendice dal prof. F. Silvestri. Portici, Stab. tip. E. Della Torre, 1920. ITA url p. 323.
• Monografie Radu, , Thysanoptera. Kr�lov�: B. E. Tolmana, 1895. CZE url p. 391.
• Natur und Museum. Frankfurt am Main. MUL url p. 131, p. 133, p. 134, p. 28.
• Naturwissenschaftliche Rundschau: w�chentliche Berichte �ber die Fortschritte auf dem Gesammtgebiete der Naturwissenschaften. Braunschweig: Druck und verlag von Friedrich Vieweg und Sohn, 1886- GER url p. 19, p. 277, p. 278, p. 279, p. 303, p. 354, p. 355, p. 386, p. 443, p. 576, p. 64.
• Naturwissenschaftliche Wochenschrift. Jena [etc.]G. Fischer [etc.] GER url p. 142, p. 161, p. 171, p. 180, p. 181, p. 238, p. 4, p. 446, p. 566, p. 566, p. 591, p. 706, p. 710, p. 712.
• Nicholson, G. The illustrated dictionary of gardening: a practical and scientific encyclopædia of horticulture for gardeners and botanists /edited by George Nicholson; assisted by J.W.H. Trail and J. Garrett 3 1884 London: L.U. Gill, [1884]-88. ENG url p. 11.
• Novitates Zoologicae. London. url p. 149.
• Nuova flora analitica d'Italia, contenente la descrizione delle piante vascolari indigene inselvatichite e largamente coltivate in Italia, del dott. Adriano Fiori. Firenze, Tipografia di M. Ricci, 1923-29. ITA url p. 375.
• Nuova notarisia, rassegna consacrata allo studio delle alghe. Modena, Italy. ITA url p. 166.
• Nuovi annali delle scienze naturali. Bologna. url p. 322.
• Official guide to the Botanic Gardens, Dominica: illustrated: with an index of the principal plants. [Dominica: The Garden, 1922?] ENG url p. 14.
• Outlines of botany for the high school laboratory and classroom (based on Gray's Lessons in botany) by Robert Greenleaf Leavitt prepared at the request of the Botanical Department of Harvard University. New York, American Book Co.[1901] ENG url p. 67.
• Overzicht der schadelijke en nuttige insecten van Java, door Dr. J. C. Koningsberger. Batavia [etc.]G. Kolff & co., 1898- IND url p. 106, p. 111, p. 16, p. 35, p. 45, p. 54, p. 62.
• Pflanzenbiologische Schilderungen. Marburg, N.G. Elwert, 1889-93. GER url p. 114, p. 171.
• Pflanzenmikrochemie: ein Hilfsbuch beim mikrochemischen Studium pflanzlicher Objekte / von Dr. O. Tunmann. Berlin: Gebr�der Borntraeger, 1913. GER url p. 121, p. 123.
• Pflanzenphysiologie. Versuche und beobachtungen an h�heren und niederen pflanzen einschliesslich bakteriologie und hydrobiologie mit planktonkunde. Von R. Kolkwitz. Jena, G. Fischer, 1914. GER url p. 247.
• Photosynthesis and related processes, by Eugene I. Rabinowitch New York, N.Y., Interscience Publishers, inc., 1945- ENG url p. 692.
• Physiologische pflanzenanatomie / von dr. G. Haberlandt. Leipzig: W. Engelmann, 1904. GER url p. 255, p. 257, p. 266, p. 27, p. 301, p. 323, p. 351, p. 357, p. 470, p. 480, p. 578, p. 98.
• Phytochemie, von Friedrich Rochleder. Leipzig, W. Engelmann, 1854. GER url p. 203.
• Plant anatomy from the standpoint of the development and functions of the tissues, and handbook of micro-technic, by William Chase Stevens. Philadelphia, P. Blakiston, 1910. ENG url p. 147, p. 195, p. 337, p. 376.
• Plant physiology, with special reference to plant production, by Benjamin M. Duggar New York, The Macmillan company, 1911. ENG url p. 91.
• Plant-geography upon a physiological basis. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1903. ENG url p. 308.
• Practical physiology of plants, by Francis Darwin and the late E. Hamilton Acton. Cambridge, University press, 1901. ENG url p. 102, p. 331.
• Practical plant anatomy / by Adriance S. Foster. New York: D. Van Nostrand company, inc., 1942. ENG url p. 148, p. 50, p. 51, p. 55.
• Principles of botany / by Joseph Y. Bergen and Bradley M. Davis. Boston; Ginn & Company, c1906. ENG url p. 465, p. 545.
• Principles of plant physiology, by Oran Raber. New York, The Macmillan Co., 1938. ENG url p. 255.
• Proceedings and transactions of the Royal Society of Canada. D�lib�rations et m�moires de la Soci�t� royale du Canada. Ottawa [etc.]Soci�t� royale du Canada. FRE url p. 406.
• Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society held at Philadelphia for promoting useful knowledge. Philadelphia: The Society ENG url p. 156.
• Proceedings of the United States National Museum. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, [etc.] ENG url p. 177, p. 59.
• Prof. Dr. Thom's Flora von Deutschland, sterreich und der Schweiz, in Wort und Bild, fr Schule und Haus; mit Tafeln von Walter Mller. Gera-Untermhaus: F.E. Khler, 1886-1934. GER url p. 219, p. 519.
• Protoplasm, by William Seifriz New York, McGraw-Hill Book Company, inc., 1936. ENG url p. 135.
• Records of general science. London. url p. 388.
• Rendiconto dell' Accademia delle Scienze Fisiche e Matematiche. Napoli. ITA url p. 172.
• Report of the United States Geological Survey of the territories. F.V. Hayden, United States geologist in charge [Final reports or monographs. vol. I]-III, V-XIII. Washington, Govt. Print. Off., 1873-90. ENG url p. 195.
• Report of the proceedings of the third entomological meeting: held at Pusa on the 3rd to 15th February 1919 / edited by T. Bainbrigge Fletcher. Calcutta: Supt. of Government Printing, 1920. ENG url p. 218.
• Revue et magasin de zoologie pure et appliqu�e. recueil mensuel Par F. E. Gu�rin-M�neville; avec la collaboration scientifique de A. Focillon. Paris: Au Bureau de la Revue et Magasin de Zoologie. FRE url p. 393, p. 598.
• Schilderung der deutschen Pflanzenfamilien: vom botanisch- descriptiven und physiologisch-chemischen Standpunkte / von Hermann Hoffmann. Giessen: G.F. Hener's Verlag, 1846. GER url p. 88.
• Science progress in the twentieth century: a quarterly journal of scientific work & thought. London: John Murray, 1906-1916. ENG url p. 187, p. 477.
• Scientific survey of Porto Rico and the Virgin Islands / New York Academy of Sciences. New York, N.Y.: The Academy, 1919- url p. 227, p. 238, p. 342, p. 533, p. 60.
• Selected botanical papers. Englewood Cliffs, N.J., Prentice-Hall[1963] ENG url p. 181.
• Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin. Berlin, Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde. GER url p. 249, p. 42.
• Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe. Wien: K.-K. Hof- und Staatsdruckerei in Commission bei F. Tempsky, GER url p. 155, p. 259, p. 262, p. 586.
• South African journal of science. [Marshalltown, Transvaal: South African Association for the Advancement of Science, ENG url p. 92.
• Spolia zeylanica. [S.l.: s.n.] ENG url p. 24.
• St. Croix's flora / af H.F.A. Baron Eggers. [Kjbenhavn: s.n., 1876] DAN url p. 147.
• Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung. Berlin: Kommissionsverlag von Friedl�nder & Sohn, 1912- GER url p. 276.
• Sylloge fungorum omnium hucusque cognitorum. Digessit P. A. Saccardo. Patavii, sumptibus auctoris, 1882-1931. LAT url p. 490.
• Symbolae Antillanae, seu, Fundamenta florae Indiae Occidentalis / edidit Ignatius Urban. Berolini: Fratres Borntraeger, 1898-1928. GER url p. 489.
• Terrell, E. E. et al. 1986. Agric. Handb. no. 505. (AH 505)
• Textbook of theoretical botany, by R. C. McLean and W. R. Ivimey-Cook. London, Longmans, Green[1951- ENG url p. 1027, p. 1045, p. 1746, p. 1747, p. 458, p. 477.
• The Annual of scientific discovery: or, Year-book of facts in science and art. Boston: Gould, Kendall, and Lincoln, 1850- ENG url p. 15, p. 96.
• The Canadian entomologist. Ottawa [etc.]Entomological Society of Canada [etc.] ENG url p. 192, p. 252.
• The Entomologist's monthly magazine. Oxford [etc.]Entomologist's Monthly Magazine Ltd. [etc.] ENG url p. 28.
• The Entomologist. London: Simpkin, Marshall & Co., [1877- ENG url p. 154, p. 199.
• The Floral world and garden guide. London, Groombridge and Sons, 1858-1880. ENG url p. 40, p. 96.
• The Fungi which cause plant disease, by F. L. Stevens New York, The Macmillan Company, 1913. ENG url p. 249, p. 533.
• The Gardener's monthly and horticulturist. Philadelphia, Pa.: Charles H. Marot, 1876-1888. ENG url p. 110, p. 16, p. 18, p. 310, p. 347, p. 361, p. 4, p. 43, p. 71.
• The Gardener. Edinburgh;W. Blackwood and sons, 1867-1882. ENG url p. 276, p. 288, p. 50.
• The Hawaiian forester and agriculturist. Honolulu: Hawaiian Gazette Co., 1904-1933. ENG url p. 140, p. 269, p. 292, p. 77.
• The Horticulturist and journal of rural art and rural taste. Albany, N.Y.: Luther Tucker, 1846-1875. ENG url p. 409, p. 410, p. 427, p. 576.
• The Journal of horticulture, cottage gardener and country gentlemen. London: George W. Johnson and Robert Hogg, 1861-1877. ENG url p. 115, p. 146, p. 15, p. 150, p. 151, p. 169, p. 171, p. 197, p. 208, p. 230, p. 261, p. 296, p. 314, p. 326, p. 344, p. 36, p. 377, p. 382, p. 404, p. 404, p. 43, p. 493, p. 5, p. 506, p. 552.
• The Journal of microscopy and natural science. [London: W. P. Collins, 1884- ENG url p. 68.
• The Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society. Bombay: The Society, ENG url p. 191, p. 515, p. 554.
• The Journal of the College of Science, Imperial University of Tokyo, Japan = Tokyo Teikoku Daigaku kiyo. Rika. Tokyo, Japan: The University, 1898-1925. ENG url p. 3, p. 61, p. 9.
• The Journal of the Quekett Microscopical Club. [London: Quekett Microscopical Club, 1868]-1966. ENG url p. 181, p. 215, p. 239, p. 247, p. 281, p. 292, p. 294, p. 490, p. 74.
• The Ohio journal of science. [Columbus, Ohio, The Ohio State University and the Ohio Academy of Science] ENG url p. 344.
• The Plant world. Baltimore [etc.]Plant World Association [etc.] ENG url p. 163.
• The Popular science monthly. [New York, Popular Science Pub. Co., etc.] ENG url p. 126, p. 143, p. 445, p. 681, p. 805.
• The Review of applied entomology. [Farnham Royal, Eng., etc.: Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux, etc.] ENG url p. 127, p. 141, p. 203, p. 292, p. 403, p. 442, p. 535, p. 577, p. 609, p. 620, p. 621, p. 624, p. 643, p. 661, p. 705, p. 717, p. 793.
• The Victorian naturalist. [Melbourne]Field Naturalists Club of Victoria. ENG url p. 159, p. 160, p. 180.
• The affinities and distribution of the lower Eocene flora of southeastern North America. [n.p., 1914] ENG url p. 156.
• The agricultural gazette of New South Wales. Sydney, C. Potter, Govt. Printer [etc.]. ENG url p. 972.
• The anatomy of woody plants, by Edward Charles Jeffrey. Chicago, Ill., The University of Chicago Press[1917] ENG url p. 128.
• The flora of the American Virgin Islands / N.L. Britton. New York: New York Botanical Garden, 1918. ENG url p. 41.
• The flora of the Dutch West Indian islands by I. Boldingh. Leyden, E. J. Brill, 1909-14. ENG url p. 171, p. 184, p. 21.
• The florist and pomologist. London: "Journal of Horticulture" Office, 1863-1879. ENG url p. 27, p. 290.
• The gardens' bulletin, Straits Settlements. Singapore: Straits Times Press, 1913-1941. ENG url p. 108, p. 17, p. 213, p. 229, p. 391.
• The international bibliography of electron microscopy. New York[1959-1962] ENG url p. 100.
• The journal of forestry and estates management. London: W. Rider, 1878-1883. ENG url p. 239.
• The journal of the Horticultural Society of London. London, [England]: Published for the Society, by Longman and Co., 1846-1855. ENG url p. 243, p. 294, p. 325.
• The micrographic dictionary; a guide to the examination and investigation of the structure and nature of microscopic objects, by J. W. Griffith and Arthur Henfrey. London, J. Van Voorst, 1883. ENG url p. 323, p. 653.
• The microscope: its history, construction, and application, being a familiar introduction to the use of the instrument and the study of microscopical science / by Jabez Hogg; with upwards of five hundred engravings and coloured illustrations by Tuffen W London: G. Routledge and Sons, 1871. ENG url p. 327, p. 333.
• The parasitic fungi of New Jersey / by Carl A. Schwarze. New Brunswick: New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Stations, 1917. ENG url p. 208, p. 52.
• The teaching botanist; a manual of information upon botanical instruction, together with outlines and directions for a comprehensive elementary course, by William F. Ganong. New York, Macmillan, 1899. ENG url p. 215, p. 217.
• The tropical agriculturist. Colombo, Ceylon: A.M. & J. Ferguson, 1882- ENG url p. 159, p. 287, p. 428, p. 564, p. 670, p. 79, p. 9, p. 95, p. 96.
• The vegetable kingdom: or, The structure, classification, and uses of plants, illustrated upon the natural system / by John Lindley. London: Bradbury and Evans, 1846. ENG url p. 267.
• The weekly florists' review. Chicago: Florists' Pub. Co., 1897-1912. ENG url p. 100, p. 1027, p. 1105, p. 114, p. 115, p. 116, p. 117, p. 121, p. 133, p. 137, p. 138, p. 139, p. 144, p. 155, p. 162, p. 167, p. 169, p. 170, p. 178, p. 193, p. 20, p. 202, p. 203, p. 207, p. 23, p. 235, p. 246, p. 259, p. 26, p. 269, p. 273, p. 283, p. 300, p. 301, p. 303, p. 314, p. 316, p. 320, p. 349, p. 360, p. 364, p. 373, p. 381, p. 381, p. 382, p. 384, p. 407, p. 410, p. 431, p. 431, p. 433, p. 434, p. 437, p. 454, p. 454, p. 460, p. 462, p. 469, p. 477, p. 479, p. 479, p. 49, p. 494, p. 503, p. 510, p. 510, p. 518, p. 518, p. 520, p. 521, p. 522, p. 526, p. 538, p. 54, p. 550, p. 559, p. 569, p. 57, p. 570, p. 578, p. 58, p. 585, p. 585, p. 591, p. 594, p. 602, p. 633, p. 634, p. 639, p. 645, p. 662, p. 666, p. 684, p. 686, p. 692, p. 692, p. 698, p. 70, p. 71, p. 720, p. 721, p. 726, p. 732, p. 746, p. 761, p. 768, p. 775, p. 779, p. 782, p. 792, p. 793, p. 808, p. 81, p. 813, p. 814, p. 86, p. 90, p. 94, p. 97.
• Thesaurus litteraturae mycologicae et lichenologicae ratione habita praecipue omnium quae adhuc scripta sunt de mycologia applicata quem congesserunt G. Lindau et P. Sydow. Lipsiis, Fratres Borntraeger, 1908-1917. LAT url p. 399.
• Tidsskrift for Popul�re Fremstillinger af Naturvidenskaben Kj�benhavn. DAN url p. 299.
• Tijdschrift voor entomologie. [Amsterdam]: Nederlandse Entomologische Vereniging. MUL url p. 157.
• Transactions of the New-York State Agricultural Society Albany: The Society, 1842-1889. ENG url p. 156.
• Untersuchungen aus dem Botanischen Institut zu Tbingen. Leipzig: W. Engelmann, 1881-1888. GER url p. 129, p. 3, p. 74, p. 77.
• Uphof, J. C. T. 1968. Dictionary of economic plants, ed. 2. (Dict Econ Pl)
• Verhandlungen des Vereins zur Befrderung des Gartenbaues in den Kniglich Preussischen Staaten. Berlin, Auf Kosten des Vereins, 1824-1860. GER url p. 238, p. 348.
• Verzamelde geschriften van M. W. Beijerinck ter gelegenheid van zijn 70sten verjaardag, met medewerking der Nederlandsche regeering uitgegeven door zijne vrienden en vereerders. Delft: [s. n.], 1921- DUT url p. 118, p. 119, p. 29.
• Vierteljahrsschrift der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Z�rich. Z�rich: F�si & Beer, GER url p. 116, p. 12, p. 121, p. 13, p. 2.
• Water in the physiology of plants, by A. S. Crafts, H. B. Currier and C. R. Stocking. Waltham, Mass., Chronica Botanica Co., 1949. ENG url p. 193, p. 235.
• Wochenschrift des Vereines zur Befrderung des Gartenbaues in den Kniglich Preussischen Staaten fr Grtnerei und Pflanzenkunde. Berlin, Wiegandt & Hempel [etc.] GER url p. 102, p. 138, p. 160, p. 173, p. 212, p. 230, p. 240, p. 248, p. 310, p. 350.
• Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994–. Flora of China (English edition). (F ChinaEng) [lists as F. elastica Roxb.].
• Zeitschrift fr Grungsphysiologie. Berlin: Gebrder Borntraeger, 1912-1918. GER url p. 220.
• Zeitschrift fr wissenschaftliche Mikroskopie und fr mikroskopische Technik. Stuttgart [etc.]S. Hirzel [etc.] GER url p. 101, p. 391, p. 399, p. 430, p. 577.
• Zeitschrift f�r wissenschaftliche Mikroskopie und mikroskopische Technik. Stuttgart [etc.]S. Hirzel [etc.] GER url p. 101, p. 194, p. 195, p. 198, p. 198, p. 209, p. 35, p. 391, p. 430, p. 514, p. 577, p. 59.
• Zellen- und gewebelehre, morphologie und entwicklungsgeschichte, unter redaktion von E. Strasburger und O. Hertwig. I: Botanischer teil, unter redaktion von E. Strasburger, bearb. von E. Strasburger und W. Benecke; mit 135 abbildungen im text. Leipzig [etc.]B. G. Teubner, 1913. GER url p. 106.
• Zentralblatt f�r Zoologie, allgemeine und experimentelle Biologie. Leipzig: B.G. Teubner, [1912-1918] GER url p. 11.
• Zentralblatt f�r allgemeine und experimentelle Biologie. Leipzig, S. Hirzel. GER url p. 7.
• Zoologische Jahrb�cher. Jena [Germany]: G. Fischer, GER url p. 263.
• Zoologischer Jahresbericht. Berlin, R. Friedlander. GER url p. 351.
• Zur Kenntniss der Chlorophyllfarbstoffe und ihrer Verwandten; spectralanalytische Untersuchungen. Stuttgart, Schweizerbart, 1872. GER url p. 125, p. 127, p. 51.
• Chang Siushih, Wu Chengyih & Cao Ziyu. 1998. Moroideae. In: Chang Siushih & Wu Chengyih, eds., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 23(1): 1219.
• Chang Siushih, Wu Chengyih & Cao Ziyu. 1998. Moroideae. In: Chang Siushih & Wu Chengyih, eds., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 23(1): 1219.

Notes

Contributors

• Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-2006. Systema Naturae 2000. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Accessed October 5, 2006.
• "Ficus elastica". in Flora of North America Vol. 3. Published by Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed November 24, 2007. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 13 providers.
• USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. URL (April 28, 2008)

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 24, 2007:

• Australian National Herbarium
• , Australian National Herbarium
• Comisión nacional para el conocimiento y uso de la biodiversidad, Herbario del Instituto de Ecología, A.C., México
• GBIF-Spain, Dirección General de Investigación, Desarrollo Tecnológico e Innovación de la Junta de Extremadura(DGIDTI): HSS
• GBIF-Spain, Jardín Botánico de Córdoba: Herbarium COA
• Herbier de la Guyane, Herbier de la Guyane
• Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad
• , Biodiversidad de Costa Rica
• Missouri Botanical Garden, Missouri Botanical Garden
• National Herbarium of New South Wales, Plants of Papua New Guinea

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2645802
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-19085
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13731354
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:852785-1
• GRIN Nomen Number: 70291
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 19085
• International Plant Names Index (IPNI) ID: 852785-1
• Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: PDMOR0A040
• U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: FIEL
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 39612

Footnotes

1. Zhengyi Wu, Zhe-Kun Zhou & Michael G. Gilbert "Moraceae". in Flora of China Vol. 5 Page 21. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
2. "Ficus". in Flora of North America Vol. 3. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
3. "Ficus elastica". in Flora of North America Vol. 3. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]

©2004-2009 the BayScience Foundation, Inc. All rights reserved.