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Ficus auriculata

(Elephant Ear Fig Tree, Giant Indian Fig, Roxburgh Fig)

Common Names

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Click on the language to view common names.

Common Names in Bengali:

Demur, Doomoor

Common Names in Burmese:

Lagum, Na Gum, Sin Thapan (As F Regia), Taba, Thu Hpak Lu Sang

Common Names in Chinese:

Da Guo Rong

Common Names in English:

Elephant Ear Fig Tree, Eve´s Apron, Giant Indian Fig, Roxburgh Fig

Common Names in Hindi:

Gular, Timal, Timbal, Timla, Tirmal, Tremal, Trimmal

Common Names in Japanese:

Oobai Chijiku

Common Names in Marathi:

Deshi Anjir

Common Names in Portuguese:

Figueira Da India (Brazil)

Common Names in Punjabi:

Daduri, Timal, Trimal, Trimbal

Common Names in Spanish:

Higuera De Roxburgh, Higuera Del Himalaya

Description

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Family Moraceae

Trees , shrubs , vines , or rarely herbs, frequently with milky or watery latex, sometimes spiny . Stipules present, frequently caducous . Leaves alternate, rarely opposite; petiole often present and well-defined; leaf blade simple , sometimes with cystoliths , margin entire or palmately lobed , venation pinnate or palmate. Inflorescences axillary , frequently paired , racemose, spicate , capitate, or rarely cymose , sometimes a fig or syconium with flowers completely enclosed within a hollow receptacle. Flowers unisexual (plants monoecious or dioecious), small to very small. Calyx lobes (1 or) 2-4(-8), free or connate , imbricate or valvate . Corolla absent. Male flowers: stamens as many as and opposite to calyx lobes (except in Artocarpus), straight or inflexed in bud; anthers 1- or 2-loculed, crescent-shaped to top-shaped; pistillode (rudimentary sterile pistil) often present. Female flowers: calyx lobes usually 4; ovary superior, semi-inferior, or inferior, 1(or 2) -loculed; ovules 1 per locule, anatropous or campylotropous; style branches 1 or 2; stigmas usually filiform . Fruit usually a drupe, rarely an achene, enveloped by an enlarged calyx and/or immersed in a fleshy receptacle, often joined into a syncarp. Seed solitary; endosperm present or absent.

Between 37 and 43 genera and 1100–1400 species: widespread in tropical and subtropical areas, less common in temperate areas; nine genera and 144 species (26 endemic, five introduced ) in China.

Economically, the most important species are those of Morus and Maclura associated with the production of silk . Some species in Broussonetia, Maclura, and Morus are important for paper making; some species in Artocarpus, Ficus, and Morus have edible fruit; and some species of Artocarpus and Broussonetia are used for furniture or timber.Zhengyi Wu, Zhe-Kun Zhou & Michael G. Gilbert "Moraceae". in Flora of China Vol. 5 Page 21. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.

Genus Ficus

Trees , shrubs , or woody vines , evergreen or deciduous, commonly epiphytic or scandent as seedlings; sap milky . Terminal buds surrounded by pair of stipules. Leaves alternate, monomorphic (dimorphic in F . pumila ) ; stipules caducous , fused, enclosing naked buds. Leaf blade : margins entire (lobed in F . carica ), rarely dentate ; venation pinnate or nearly palmate. Inflorescences small, borne on inner walls of fruitlike and fleshy receptacle (syconium) . Flowers: staminate and pistillate on same plant. Staminate flowers sessile or pedicellate ; calyx of 2-6 sepals; stamens 1-2, straight. Pistillate flowers sessile; ovary 1-locular; style unbranched, lateral . Syconia globose to pyriform ; achenes completely embedded in enlarged, fleshy, common receptacle and accessible by apical opening (ostiole) closed by small scales . x = 13.

Species ca. 750: tropics and subtropics, chiefly Asian.

Worldwide, Ficus is one of the largest genera of flowering plants . Members of the genus are usually treated as a separate tribe within Moraceae because of their unique inflorescence and wasp-dependent system of pollination.

The floral characters (especially of the American species, which are quite uniform ) are exceedingly difficult to use or of little value in distinguishing species. Therefore they are not used in the species descriptions. The form of the syconium, however, is often significant and taxonomically useful."Ficus". in Flora of North America Vol. 3. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.

Physical Description

Habit: Evergreen .

Flowers: Bloom Period: March. • Flower Color: pink

Size/Age/Growth

Size: 12-15' tall.

Habitat

Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 4,028 meters (0 to 13,215 feet).Mean = 1,889.690 meters (6,199.770 feet), Standard Deviation = 1,485.710 based on 13 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre.

Biology

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Growth

Culture: Space 20-30' apart.

Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Sun to Partial Shade.

Temperature: Cold Hardiness: 10a, 10b, 11. (map)

Taxonomy

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Notes

Publishing author : Miq. Publication : Syst. Verz. (Zollinger) 93, 98 Publishing author: Lour. Publication: Fl. Cochinch. ii. 666 Place of publication: Fl. cochinch. 2:666. 1790

Name verified on 08-Mar-2004 by ARS Systematic Botanists. Last updated: 08-Mar-2004

Similar Species

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Members of the genus Ficus

There are approximately 3284 species in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:

F. 'Kelly' · F. 'Merlin' · F. 'Rasjida' · F. 'Stricta' · F. 'Triangel' · F. 'Velvet' · F. abbreviata · F. abelii · F. abscondita · F. abutifolia · F. abutilifolia · F. acamptophylla · F. acanthocarpa · F. acanthophylla · F. acarouaniensis · F. acidula · F. acreana · F. acrocarpa · F. acrorrhyncha · F. aculeata · F. aculeata var. aculeata · F. aculeata var. micracantha · F. acuminata · F. acuminatissima · F. acuta · F. acutifolia · F. acutiloba · F. adamsii · F. adelpha · F. adenosperma · F. adenosperma var. chaetophora · F. adenosperma var. glabra · F. adhaerens · F. adhatodaefolia · F. adhatodifolia · F. adnascens · F. adolfi-friderici · F. adolphi-friderici · F. aechmophylla · F. aegrophylla · F. aequatorialis · F. affinior · F. affinis · F. afganica · F. afganistanica · F. afghanica · F. afghanistanica (Fig Tree) · F. africana · F. afzelii · F. aganophila · F. agapetoides · F. aggregata · F. aguaraguensis · F. agusanensis · F. ahernii · F. ajajuensis · F. akaie · F. alba · F. albert-smithii (Figueira-Do-Alberto) · F. albescens · F. albidula · F. albinervia · F. albipila · F. albipila var. albipila · F. albomaculata · F. albotomentosa · F. aldabrensis · F. alii · F. allamecraloo · F. alnifolia · F. alococarpa · F. alongensis · F. alpestris · F. alternans · F. altimeraloo · F. altissima (Council Tree) · F. altissima 'Aureo variegata' (Council Tree) · F. alutacea · F. alvareziana · F. amadiensis · F. amara · F. amazonia · F. amazonica (Figueira-AmazÔnica) · F. amblisyce · F. amblyphylla · F. amboinensis · F. americana (Jamaican Cherry Fig) · F. americana subsp. andicola · F. americana subsp. greiffiana · F. americana subsp. guianensis · F. americana subsp. subapiculata · F. amherstiana · F. ampana · F. ampelas · F. ampelos · F. ampla · F. amplissima · F. amplocarpa · F. ampullacea · F. ampulliformis

Bibliography

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  • Chang Siushih, Wu Chengyih & Cao Ziyu. 1998. Moroideae. In: Chang Siushih & Wu Chengyih, eds., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 23(1): 1219.
  • Chang Siushih, Wu Chengyih & Cao Ziyu. 1998. Moroideae. In: Chang Siushih & Wu Chengyih, eds., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 23(1): 1219.

    • More Info

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    Notes

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    Contributors

    Data Sources

    Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 24, 2007:

    Identifiers

    Footnotes

    Last Revised: 2008-10-05