Fagus sylvatica f. purpurea

• Common Names
• Description
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Common Names

Description

Family Fagaceae

Trees or rarely shrubs , monoecious, evergreen or deciduous. Stipules usually early deciduous. Leaves alternate, sometimes false-whorled in Cyclobalanopsis. Inflorescences unisexual or androgynous with female cupules at the base of an otherwise male inflorescence. Male inflorescences a pendulous head or erect or pendulous catkin, sometimes branched; flowers in dense cymules . Male flower: sepals 4-6(-9), scalelike, connate or distinct ; petals absent; filaments filiform ; anthers dorsifixed or versatile, opening by longitudinal slits; with or without a rudimentary pistil. Female inflorescences of 1-7 or more flowers subtended individually or collectively by a cupule formed from numerous fused bracts, arranged individually or in small groups along an axis or at base of an androgynous inflorescence or on a separate axis. Female flower: perianth 1-7 or more; pistil 1; ovary inferior, 3-6(-9) -loculed; style and carpels as many as locules; placentation axile ; ovules 2 per locule. Fruit a nut. Seed usually solitary by abortion (but may be more than 1 in Castanea, Castanopsis, Fagus, and Formanodendron), without endosperm; embryo large.

Seven to 12 genera (depending on interpretation) and 900-1000 species: worldwide except for tropical and S Africa; seven genera and 294 species (163 endemic, at least three introduced ) in China.

Many species are important timber trees. Nuts of Fagus, Castanea, and of most Castanopsis species are edible, and oil is extracted from nuts of Fagus. Nuts of most species of this family contain copious amounts of water soluble tannin. Members of the Fagaceae are the main element of both broad-leaved evergreen and mixed mesophytic forests from 500-3200 m. [1]

Genus Fagus

Trees , winter-deciduous. Terminal buds present, long, tapered in maturity, all scales imbricate. Leaves: stipules prominent on new growth, soon deciduous. Leaf blade thin, secondary veins unbranched, ± parallel, extending to margin , each vein ending in acute or obscure tooth . Inflorescences unisexual , axillary in new growth leaves; staminate inflorescence lax, loosely capitate cluster of flowers; pistillate inflorescence short, stiff, cupule 1, terminal. Staminate flowers : sepals connate ; stamens 6-16; pistillode typically absent. Pistillate flowers 2 per cupule; sepals distinct ; carpels and styles 3. Fruits: maturation in 1st year following pollination; cupule 4-valved, valves distinct, ±completely enclosing nuts until maturity, prickly, prickles stout, unbranched, short, not obscuring surface of cupule, internal valves absent; nuts 2 per cupule, sharply 3-angled, slightly winged . x = 12.

Species 8-10: temperate , subtropical , and montane tropical forests , North America (e United States), Mexico, Europe, Asia.[2]

Habitat

Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 2,500 meters (0 to 8,202 feet).[3]

Taxonomy

Unambiguous Synonyms

1. Fagus sylvatica var. atropunicea Weston

Similar Species

Members of the genus Fagus

There are approximately 202 species in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:

F. alpina · F. americana · F. antarctica · F. antarctica var. bicrenata · F. antarctica var. subalpina · F. antarctica var. uliginosa · F. antipofi · F. antipofii · F. apiculista · F. aspleniifolia · F. attenuata · F. beluloides · F. betuloides · F. blairii · F. carroni · F. carronii · F. castanea L. var. dentata Marshall · F. chienii · F. cliffortioides · F. cochinchinensis · F. crenata (Japanese Beech) · F. crenata 'Mount Fuji' · F. cunninghamii · F. decurrens · F. deucalionis · F. dombeyi · F. dubia · F. engleriana · F. ferruginea · F. ferruginea var. caroliniana · F. forsteri · F. fusca · F. glandulosa · F. glauca · F. glutinosa · F. grandiflora · F. grandifolia (American Beech) · F. grandifolia Ehrh. var. caroliniana (Loudon) Fernald · F. grandifolia f. pubescens · F. grandifolia grandifolia · F. grandifolia mexicana · F. grandifolia Ehrh. forma pubescens Fernald & Rehder · F. grandifolia subsp. mexicana · F. gunnii · F. hayatae · F. hohenackerana · F. japonica · F. japonica var. japonica · F. japonica var. multinervis · F. japoniciformis · F. longepetiolata · F. longipetiolata · F. longipetiolata f. clavata · F. longipetiolata f. longipetiolata · F. longipetiolata forma clavata · F. longipetiolata forma longipetiolata · F. lucida · F. lutea · F. menziesii · F. minima · F. moorei · F. multinervis · F. nervosa · F. nitida · F. obligua · F. obliqua · F. obliqua var. dentatosquamata · F. obliqua var. macrocarpa · F. obliqua var. valdiviana · F. orientale · F. orientalis (Oriental Beech) · F. pacifica · F. palaeojaponica · F. pliocaenica · F. pumilio · F. pumilo · F. quercifolia · F. silesiaca · F. silvatica · F. solandri · F. stuxbergi · F. stuxbergii · F. sylvatica (Fern-Leaf Beech) · F. sylvatica 'Albomarginata' · F. sylvatica 'Albovariegata' · F. sylvatica 'Ansorgei' (Ansorge European Beech) · F. sylvatica 'Argenteomarmorata' · F. sylvatica 'Asplenifolia' (Fernleaf European Beech) · F. sylvatica 'Atropunicea' (Purple European Beech) · F. sylvatica L. 'Atropunicea Macrophylla' · F. sylvatica Atropurpurea Group (European Beech) · F. sylvatica L. 'Atropurpurea Pendula' · F. sylvatica 'Aurea Pendula' (Weeping European Beech) · F. sylvatica 'Aureomarginata' · F. sylvatica var. Beth Dwarf (Beth Dwarf European Beech) · F. sylvatica 'Bicolor Sartini' · F. sylvatica 'Birr Zebra' · F. sylvatica 'Black Swan' (European Beech) · F. sylvatica 'Bornyensis' · F. sylvatica 'Brathay Purple'

More Info

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Further Reading

• Judd, W.S., Campbell, C.S., Kellog, E.A. and Donoghue, M.J. (2002): Plant Systematics: a phylogenetic approach, Sinauer, Sunderland, Mass.
• Huang Chengchiu, Chang Yongtian, Hsu Yongchun & Jen Hsienwei. 1998. Fagaceae. In: Chun Woonyong & Huang Chengchiu, eds. Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 22: 1-332.
• Cooper, A. W. and E. P. Mercer. 1977. Morphological variation in Fagus grandifolia Ehrh. in North Carolina. J. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc. 93: 136-149.
• Hardin, J. W. and G. P. Johnson. 1985. Atlas of foliar surface features in woody plants, VIII. Fagus and Castanea (Fagaceae) of eastern North America. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 112: 11-20.
• Rehder, A. J. 1907. Some new or little known forms of New England trees. Rhodora 9: 109-116.

Notes

Contributors

• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-2006. Systema Naturae 2000. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Accessed April 19, 2007.
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed July 21, 2007. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from provider.

Identifiers

• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 646284

Footnotes

1. Chengjiu Huang, Yongtian Zhang & Bruce Bartholomew "Fagaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 4 Page 314. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
2. Haining Qin & Peter Fritsch "Fagus". in Flora of North America Vol. 3. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
3. Mean = 361.000 meters (1,184.383 feet), Standard Deviation = 473.220 based on 3,697 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]

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