Fagopyrum tataricum

• Overview
• Interesting Facts
• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Overview

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Click on the language to view common names.

Description

Family Polygonaceae

Herbs, shrubs , or small trees , sometimes monoecious or dioecious. Stems erect , prostrate , twining , or scandent , often with swollen nodes, striate , grooved , or prickly. Leaves simple , alternate, rarely opposite or whorled , petiolate or subsessile ; stipules often united to a sheath (ocrea) . Inflorescence terminal or axillary , spicate , racemose, paniculate , or capitate. Pedicel occasionally articulate . Flowers small, actinomorphic , bisexual , rarely unisexual . Perianth 3-6-merous, in 1 or 2 series, herbaceous, often enlarged in fruit or inner tepals enlarged, with wings , tubercles , or spines. Stamens usually (3-) 6-9, rarely more; filaments free or united at base ; anthers 2-loculed, opening lengthwise; disk annular (often lobed ) . Ovary superior, 1-loculed; styles 2 or 3, rarely 4, free or connate at lower part. Fruit a trigonous , biconvex , or biconcave achene; seed with straight or curved embryo and copious endosperm.

About 50 genera and 1120 species: worldwide, but primarily N temperate with a few species in tropical regions ; 13 genera (two endemic) and 238 species (65 endemic) in China.[1]

Genus Fagopyrum

Herbs, annual ; taprooted. Stems erect or ascending , glabrous or puberulent . Leaves deciduous, cauline, alternate, petiolate (proximal leaves) or sessile (distal leaves) ; ocrea persistent or deciduous, chartaceous ; petiole base articulated; blade cordate, triangular, hastate, or sagittate , margins entire to sinuate . Pedicels present. Inflorescences axillary , or terminal and axillary, racemelike or paniclelike, pedunculate . Flowers bisexual or, rarely, bisexual and staminate on same plant, 2-6 per ocreate fascicle, heterostylous or homostylous, base stipelike; perianth nonaccrescent, white, pale pink, or green, broadly campanulate , glabrous; tepals 5, distinct , petaloid , dimorphic , outer smaller than inner; stamens 8; filaments distinct, free , glabrous; anthers white, pink, or red, oval to elliptic ; styles 3, reflexed , distinct; stigmas capitate. Achenes strongly exserted, brown to dark brown or gray, sometimes mottled black, unwinged or essentially so, bluntly to sharply 3-gonous, glabrous. Seeds: embryo folded. x = 8.

Species 16: introduced ; Eurasia , e Africa; introduced elsewhere, cultivated in temperate regions worldwide.

Fagopyrum esculentum and F. tataricum are cultivated widely. In North America, they often escape , but populations generally are ephemeral .

Archaeological evidence for the cultivation of buckwheat dates to 4600 bp in China and 3500 bp in Japan (O. Ohnishi 1998). Molecular studies indicate that Fagopyrum comprises two major clades, with F. esculentum and F. tataricum in the large-fruited œcymosum group (O. Ohnishi and Y. Matsuoka 1996; Y. Yasui and O. Ohnishi 1998, 1998b; O. Ohsako and O. Ohnishi 2000).[2]

Physical Description

Habitat

Cultivated as grain crop and green manure , waif in waste places, disturbed ground , and field margins , rarely persisting; 0-1000; introduced [3].

Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 1,422 meters (0 to 4,665 feet).[4]

Biology

Reproduction

Duration: Annual • Coppice Potential: No • Progagated by Bulbs: No • Propagated by Bare Root: No • Propagated by Container: No • Propagated by Corms: No • Propagated by Cuttings: No • Propagated by Seed: Yes • Propagated by Sod: No • Propagated by Sprigs: No • Propagated by Tubers: No • Fruit/Seed Period Begin: Summer • Fruit/Seed Period End: Fall • Fruit/Seed Persistence: No

Growth

Soil: Adapted to Medium Textured: Adapted to Medium Textured Soils • Adapted to Coarse Textured Soils: Yes • Anaerobic Tolerance: None • Salinity Tolerance: None • CaCO3 Tolerance: Low • Minimum pH: 4.6 • Maximum pH: 6.5 • Fertility Requirement: Low

Sunlight: Shade Tolerance: Intolerant

Moisture: Drought Tolerance: High • Minimum Precipitation: 35 • Maximum Precipitation: 55 • Moisture Use: Low

Temperature: Minimum Temperature (F): 42 • Minimum Frost Free Days: 155

Taxonomy

Synonyms

Fagopyrum fagopyrum (L.) Karst. • Fagopyrum sagittatum Gilib. • Fagopyrum vulgare Hill • Polygonum fagopyrum L. • Polygonum tataricum Linnaeus

Notes

Publishing author : Gaertn. Publication : Fruct. Sem. Pl. ii. 182. t. 119. f. 6.

Name Status: Accepted Name .

Last scrutiny: 15-Mar-2000

Similar Species

Members of the genus Fagopyrum

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 5 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus:

F. convolvulus (Climbing Buckwheat) · F. cymosum (Wild Buckwheat) · F. dibotrys (Perennial Buckwheat) · F. esculentum (Buckwheat) · F. tataricum (Green Buckwheat)

More Info

• Search for Pictures: images.google.com
• Search for Scholarly Articles: Google Scholar
• Search using Scientific Name and Vernacular Names: All the Web | AltaVista Canada | AltaVista | Excite | Google | HotBot | Lycos
• Search using Specialized Databases: GenBank | Medline | Scirus | CISTI/CAL | Agricola Periodicals | Agricola Books

Further Reading

• A contribution to our knowledge of seedlings; by the Right Hon. Sir John Lubbock. London: K. Paul, Trench, Trübner, & co., ltd., 1892. url p. 438, p. 440.
• A manual of poisonous plants, chiefly of eastern North America, with brief notes on economic and medicinal plants, and numerous illustrations, Cedar Rapids, Ia., The Torch Press, 1911. url , .
• A manual of poisonous plants: chiefly of eastern North America, with brief notes on economic and medicinal plants, and numerous illustrations / by L. H. Pammel. 1911 Cedar Rapids, Ia.: The Torch Press, 1910-11. url p. 419.
• A manual of scientific terms, pronouncing, etymological, and explanatory, chiefly comprising terms in botany, natural history, anatomy, medicine, and veterinary science, with an appendix of specific names. Designed for the use of by Rev. James Stormonth Edinburgh, Maclachlan and Stewart, 1885 url p. 158.
• A naturalist in western China, with vasculum, camera, and gun; being some account of eleven years' travel, exploration, and observation in the more remote parts of the Flowery kingdom, by Ernest Henry Wilson...with an introduction by Charles Sprague Sargent...With one hundred and one full-page illustrations and a map. London, Methuen & co., ltd.[1913] url p. 54.
• Acta Societatis pro Fauna et Flora Fennica. Helsinki: Societas, 1875-1980. url p. 225.
• An elementary course of botany: structural, physiological, and systematic / by Arthur Henfrey. London: John Van Voorst, 1878. url p. 330.
• An illustrated flora of the northern United States, Canada and the British possessions: from Newfoundland to the parallel of the southern boundary of Virginia and from the Atlantic Ocean westward to the 102nd meridian / by Nathaniel Lord Britton and Hon. Addison Brown. New York: Scribner, 1913. url p. 671, p. 672.
• Annotated list of the ferns and flowering plants of New York state, by Homer D. House. Albany, The University of the state of New York, 1924. url p. 301.
• Annual report / Albany: University of the State of New York, 1902-1918. url p. 9.
• Annual report of the Maine Agricultural Experiment Station. [Orono, Me.: Maine State College, 1885-1953. url p. 11, p. 233, p. 296, p. 311.
• Botanical abstracts. Baltimore, Williams & Wilkins Co. url p. 133, p. 55.
• Botany for secondary schools; a guide to the knowledge of the vegetation of the neighborhood, by L. H. Bailey. New York, Macmillan, 1913. url p. 350.
• Breeding crop plants, New York [etc.]McGraw-Hill book company, inc., 1921. url p. 107.
• Budd's flora of the Canadian Prairie Provinces / [Ottawa]: Research Branch, Agriculture Canada, 1987. url p. 310, p. 312.
• Bulletin - New York State Museum. Albany: New York State Education Dept. url p. 10.
• Bulletin of miscellaneous information /Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 1903 London: H.M. Stationery Office, 1900-1941. url p. 12, p. 131.
• Bulletin. Bureau of Plant Industry. U. S. Department of Agriculture. 1901-13. WashingtonGovt. Print. Off. url p. 181, p. 46, p. 48, p. 97.
• Common weeds of the Canadian Prairies; Ottawa, Queen's Printer, 1963. url p. 12, p. 39, p. 68.
• Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 45 2003 Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1890- url p. 327, p. 402, p. 449, p. 454, p. 530.
• Descriptive catalogue of the Formosan fungi / by Kaneyoshi Sawoda. Taihoku, Formosa: Agricultural Experiment Station, 1919- url p. 136, p. 137, p. 148, p. 150, p. 166, p. 20, p. 218, p. 253, p. 266.
• Experiment station record. Washington: G.P.O., 1889-1946. url p. 137, p. 223, p. 947.
• Flora of Berkshire County, Massachusetts. Boston, Printed for the Society, 1922. url , p. 353.
• Flora of Bermuda. .. by Nathaniel Lord Britton. .. New York, C. Scribner's sons, 1918. url p. 111.
• Flora of Bermuda... by Nathaniel Lord Britton... New York, Scribner, 1918. url p. 111.
• Flora of the U.S.S.R. [Springfield, Va.: Israel Program for Scientific Translations; 1968- url , p. 536.
• Flora of the upper Gangetic plain, and of the adjacent Siwalik and sub-Himalayan tracts, by J. F. Duthie. Calcutta, Superintendent of Government Printing, 1903-29. url p. 43.
• Flora of the vicinity of New York; a contribution to plant geography. [New York]1915 url p. 293.
• Food-grains of India. By A.H. Church. .. [With supplement (1901)] London, Chapman and Hall, Limited, 1886. url p. 114, p. 178.
• Food-grains of India. London, Pub. for the Committee of Council on education, by Chapman and Hall, limited, 1886. url .
• Handbook of flower pollination based upon Hermann Müller's work 'The fertilisation of flowers by insects'; tr. by J.R. Ainsworth Davis. Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1906. url p. 342.
• Handbook of flower pollination: based upon Hermann Mu?ller's work 'The fertilisation of flowers by insects' / Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1906-09. url .
• Johnson's Gardeners' dictionary and cultural instructor. London, A. T. De La Mare printing and publishing co., ltd.[1916] url p. 691.
• Kulturpflanzen und Hausthiere in ihrem Übergang aus Asien nach Griechenland und Italien sowie in das übrige Europa; historisch-linguistische Skizzen von Victor Hehn. Berlin, Gebrüder Borntraeger, 1902. url p. 508.
• Metabolism of iodoacetic acid by orange leaves / 1967. url p. 23.
• Museum bulletin / Albany, N.Y.: University of the State of New York, 1908-1916. url p. 9.
• National list of scientific plant names. [Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service, 1982- url p. 327.
• Nature. London, Macmillan. url p. 373.
• Origin of cultivated plants / by Alphonse de Candolle. New York: D. Appleton and Co., 1908. url p. 350.
• Origin of cultivated plants. New York, Appleton, 1892. url .
• Phytologia memoirs. Plainfield, N.J.: H.N. Moldenke and A.L. Moldenke, 1980- url p. 243.
• Plants of the Punjab: a descriptive key to the flora of the Punjab, North-west Frontier Province, and Kashmir / by C.J. Bamber. Lahore: Supt. Govt. Printing, Punjab, 1916. url p. 231.
• Plants of the Punjab; a descriptive key to the flora of the Punjab, North-west Frontier Province and Kashmir. LahorePrinted by The Superintendent Government Printing1916 url p. 231.
• Report of the State Botanist. Albany, N.Y.: University of the State of New York, 1898-1925. url p. 10, p. 10, p. 9.
• Science progress. London: John Murray, 1916- url p. 32.
• Seeds and plants imported / U.S. Department of Agriculture. Washington, D.C.: G.P.O., 1903-1913. url p. 32, p. 46, p. 48, p. 62, p. 70, p. 96, p. 97.
• Seeds handbook for agriculture, horticulture and forestry, with a key for the identification of the important agricultural seeds = Handbuch der Samenkunde für Landwirtschaft, Gartenbau und Forstwirtschaft, mit einem Schlussel zur Bestimmung der wichtigsten landwirtschaftlichen Samen / Walther Brouwen and Adolf Stahlin. [S.l.: s.n.], 1980. url p. 122, p. 134.
• Special scientific report--wildlife / U.S. Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service. Washington, D.C.: The Service, 1949- url p. 160.
• Standardized plant names; a catalogue of approved scientific and common names of plants in American commerce. Salem, Mass., 1923. url p. 255, p. 50.
• Sturtevant's notes on edible plants / Edited by U.P. Hedrick. Albany: J.B. Lyon, 1919. url p. 266.
• Taxonomic literature: a selective guide to botanical publications and collections with dates, commentaries and types (TL2) Utrecht: Bohn, Scheltema & Holkema, 1976-1988. url p. 155.
• The American midland naturalist. Notre Dame, Ind., University of Notre Dame. url p. 303.
• The Annals and magazine of natural history; zoology, botany, and geology being a continuation of the Annals combined with Loudon and Charlesworth's Magazine of Natural History. London, Taylor and Francis, Ltd. url p. 406, p. 406.
• The Bahama flora, by Nathaniel Lord Britton and Charles Frederick Millspaugh. New York, Published by the authors, 1920. url p. 115, p. 115, p. 115, p. 115.
• The Canadian field-naturalist. 63 1949 Ottawa, Ottawa Field-Naturalists' Club. url p. 11, p. 250.
• The Gardeners' chronicle: a weekly illustrated journal of horticulture and allied subjects. London: [Gardeners Chronicle], 1874-1955. url p. 246, p. 272.
• The Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society. Bombay: The Society, url p. 217.
• The Journal of the Linnean Society. Botany. 26 1889-90 London: the Society: Longman, Green, Longman, Roberts & Green: ||Williams and Norgate, 1865-1968. url p. 351.
• The botany of crop plants; a text and reference book, by Wilfred W. Robbins. .. Philadelphia, P. Blakiston's Son & Co.[c1917] url p. 293.
• The commercial products of India: being an abridgment of The dictionary of the economic products of India / by Sir George Watt; published under the authority of His Majesty's secretary of state for India in council. London: J. Murray, 1908. url p. 532.
• The flowering process. New York, Macmillan, 1963. url p. 207.
• The gardener's magazine and register of rural & domestic improvement. London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown and Green, 1826-1844. url p. 318.
• The standard cyclopedia of horticulture; a discussion, for the amateur, and the professional and commercial grower, of the kinds, characteristics and methods of cultivation of the species of plants grown in the regions of the United States a Illustrated with colored plates, four thousand engravings in the text, and ninety-six full-page cuts. New York, Macmillan, 1919 [c1914] url p. 1202, p. 1645, p. 3512.
• The vegetation of the Siberian-Mongolian frontiers (the Sayansk region) [Trondhjem]K. Norske Videnskabers Selskab[1921] url , .
• Transactions and proceedings of the Botanical Society of Edinburgh. [Edinburgh]: The Society, 1891-1970. url p. 118.
• Li Anjen, Kao Tsoching, Mao Zumei & Liu Yulan. 1998. Polygonaceae. In: Li Anjen, ed., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 25(1): 1209.
• Ohnishi, O. 1998. Search for the wild ancestor of buckwheat III. The wild ancestor of cultivated common buckwheat, and of Tartary buckwheat. Econ. Bot. 52: 123-133.
• Ohnishi, O. and Y. Matsuoka. 1996. Search for the wild ancestor of buckwheat II. Taxonomy of Fagopyrum (Polygonaceae) species based on morphology, isozymes and cpDNA variability. Genes Genet. Systems 71: 383-390.
• Ohsako, T. and O. Ohnishi. 2000. Intra- and interspecific phylogeny of wild Fagopyrum (Polygonaceae) species based on nucleotide sequences of noncoding regions of chloroplast DNA. Amer. J. Bot. 87: 573-582.
• Yasui, Y. and O. Ohnishi. 1998. Phylogenetic relationships among Fagopyrum species revealed by the nucleotide sequences of the ITS region of the nuclear rRNA gene. Genes Genet. Systems 73: 201-210.
• Yasui, Y. and O. Ohnishi. 1998b. Interspecific relationships in Fagopyrum (Polygonaceae) revealed by the nucleotide sequences of the rbcL and accD genes and their intergenic region. Amer. J. Bot. 85: 1134-1142.

Notes

Contributors

• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 11, 2012.

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal December 05, 2007:

• Biologiezentrum der Oberoesterreichischen Landesmuseen, Biologiezentrum Linz
• Bundesamt für Naturschutz / Zentralstelle für Phytodiversität Deutschland, Bundesamt fuer Naturschutz / Zentralstelle fuer Phytodiversitaet Deutschland
• Conservatoire botanique national du Bassin parisien, Conservatoire botanique national du Bassin parisien
• International Plant Genetic Resources Institute(IPGRI), EURISCO
• Jyväskylä University Museum - The Section of Natural Sciences, Vascular plant collection of Jyvaskyla University Museum
• NLBIF, Limnodata
• Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, Vascular Plant Herbarium, Oslo
• Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, Vascular Plants, Field notes, Oslo
• The Swedish Museum of Natural History
• , Herbarium of Oskarshamn
• The Swedish Museum of Natural History
• , Plants
• Tiroler Landesmuseum Ferdinandeum, Tiroler Landesmuseum Ferdinandeum
• UK National Biodiversity Network, Botanical Society of the British Isles - Vascular Plants Database
• USDA PLANTS, USDA PLANTS Database
• inatura - Erlebnis Naturschau Dornbirn, inatura - Erlebnis Naturschau Dornbirn

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2647372
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-21283
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 14238966
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:694553-1
• GRIN Nomen Number: 16531
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 21283
• International Plant Names Index (IPNI) ID: 694553-1
• Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: PDPGN09020
• U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: FATA
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 39454

Footnotes

1. Anjen Li, Bojian Bao, Alisa E. Grabovskaya-Borodina, Suk-pyo Hong, John McNeill, Sergei L. Mosyakin, Hideaki Ohba & Chong-wook Park "Polygonaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 5 Page 277. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
2. Harold R. Hinds , Craig C. Freeman "Fagopyrum". in Flora of North America Vol. 5. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
3. "Fagopyrum tataricum". in Flora of North America Vol. 5. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
4. Mean = 258.850 meters (849.245 feet), Standard Deviation = 315.490 based on 455 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]

©2004-2012 David Stang. All rights reserved.