Eucalyptus crebra

• Overview
• Interesting Facts
• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Overview

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Description

Family Myrtaceae

Trees or shrubs , evergreen , usually with essential oils-containing cavities in foliage , branchlets , and flowers. Stipules absent or small and caducous . Leaves opposite, occasionally alternate, occasionally ternate or pseudo-whorled; leaf blade with secondary veins pinnate or basal, often with intramarginal veins near margin , margin usually entire. Inflorescences axillary or terminal , cymose but variously arranged, 1- to many-flowered. Flowers bisexual , sometimes polygamous, actinomorphic . Hypanthium usually adnate to ovary and prolonged above it. Calyx lobes (3 or) 4 or 5 or more, distinct or connate into a calyptra. Petals 4 or 5, sometimes absent, distinct or connate into a calyptra, sometimes coherent and pseudocalyptrate. Stamens usually numerous , in 1 to several whorls; filaments distinct or connate into 5 bundles opposite petals; anthers 2-celled, dorsifixed or basifixed , dehiscing longitudinally or rarely terminally; connectives usually terminating in 1 or more apical glands . Ovary inferior, semi-inferior, or very rarely superior, carpels 2 to more, locules 1 to many, pseudoseptum sometimes present, placentation usually axile but occasionally parietal ; ovules 1 to several per locule. Style single; stigma single. Fruit a capsule, berry, drupaceous berry, or drupe, 1- to many-seeded. Seeds without endosperm or endosperm sparse and thin; testa cartilaginous or thinly membranous, sometimes absent; embryo straight or curved .

About 130 genera and 4500-5000 species: Mediterranean region, sub-Saharan Africa, Madagascar, tropical and temperate Asia, Australia, Pacific islands, tropical and South America; 10 genera (five introduced ) and 121 species (50 endemic, 32 introduced treated here) in China.

Many Myrtaceae are cultivated garden ornamentals , street trees, or plantation trees. Some members of tribe Syzygieae are grown as fruit crops. In addition to the cultivated members of the family treated here, some others grown in China include Acca sellowiana (O. Berg ) Burrett (Feijoa sellowiana (O. Berg) O. Berg), Myrtus communis Linnaeus, and Syncarpia glomulifera (Smith) Niedenzu.[1]

Genus Eucalyptus

Trees or shrubs . Bark smooth , fibrous , stringy, or tessellated. Leaves usually polymorphic with different juvenile and mature forms and sometimes with intermediate forms. Juvenile leaves opposite, 3 to several pairs, shortly petiolate or sessile; leaf blade often glaucous or with glandular trichomes ; juvenile foliage sometimes persisting throughout life of plant. Mature leaves alternate, petiolate; leaf blade usually leathery, secondary veins numerous , with intramarginal veins . Inflorescences axillary or clustered into terminal or axillary panicles, consisting of umbelliform condensed dichasia. Flowers bisexual . Hypanthium campanulate , obconic, or semiglobose, stipitate or not, apex usually truncate . Sepals rarely distinct . Petals connate , either adnate to sepals into a 1-layered calyptra or not adnate and then with connate sepals forming a 2-layered calyptra; calyptra deciduous at anthesis . Stamens numerous, usually distinct, in several whorls with outer whorl usually sterile ; anthers 2-celled, parallel or oblique , elliptic , ovate , cordate, or bifurcate , dehiscing longitudinally or occasionally poricidally. Ovary adnate to hypanthium, 2-7-loculed; ovules numerous. Style persistent . Whole or most of capsule included in expanded hypanthium; disk often well developed; valves exserted from hypanthium, equaling hypanthium rim, or included in hypanthium. Seeds numerous, many sterile and undeveloped , developed seeds ovate or angular; testa rigid , sometimes developed into wings .

About 700 species: mainly in Australia, with a minor representation in Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, and the Philippines; about 110 species cultivated in China with only 25 major ones treated here.

The genus is treated here in the broad sense, i.e. , the segregate Corymbia is not recognized.[2]

Physical Description

Habitat

Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 1,026 meters (0 to 3,366 feet).[3]

Biology

Reproduction

Duration: Perennial

Growth

Culture: Space 15-20' apart.

Soil: Minimum pH: 5.1 • Maximum pH: 6.0

Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Full Sun .

Moisture: Drought Tolerance: High

Temperature: Cold Hardiness: 9a, 9b, 10a, 10b. (map)

Taxonomy

Synonyms

Metrosideros salicifolia Sol. Ex Gaertn.

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name .

Last scrutiny: 2004

Similar Species

Members of the genus Eucalyptus

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 159 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:

E. acaciiformis (Wattle-Leaved Peppermint) · E. aggregata (Rodway Black Gum) · E. alba (White Eucalyptus) · E. albens (White Box) · E. albida (White-Leaved Mallee) · E. albopurpurea (Coffin Bay Mallee) · E. alpina (Grampian Stringybark) · E. andrewsii (New England Ash) · E. angulosa (Kwaral) · E. angustissima (Narrow-Leaved Mallee) · E. apiculata (Narrow-Leaved Mallee Ash) · E. approximans (Barren Mountain Mallee) · E. archeri (Apple Cider Gum) · E. aspratilis (Flat-Topped Yate) · E. badjensis (Badja Gum Tree) · E. baeuerlenii (Baeuerlens Gum) · E. barberi (Barbers Gum Tree) · E. baxteri (Brown Stringybark) · E. blakelyi (Blakelys Red Gum) · E. botryoides (Bangalay) · E. bridgesiana (Apple Box) · E. brookeriana (Brookers Gum) · E. burdettiana (Burdetts Gum) · E. caesia (Gungurru) · E. caesia magna (Silver Princess) · E. caesia 'Magna' (Silver Princess Gum) · E. caliginosa (Broad-Leaved Stringybark) · E. calophylla (Redgum) · E. calycogona (Gooseberry Mallee) · E. camaldulensis (Red Gum) · E. camaldulensis var. obtusa (Red River Gum) · E. campaspe (Silver Gimlet) · E. camphora (Broad-Leaved Sallee) · E. cannonii (Capertree Stringybark) · E. cernua (Red-Flowered Moort) · E. cinerea (Argyle Apple) · E. cladocalyx (Sugar Gum) · E. cladocalyx var. nana (Dwarf Sugar Gum) · E. cloeziana (Gympie Messmate) · E. coccifera (Tasmanian Snow Gum) · E. conferruminata (Busy Yate) · E. consideniana (Prickly Stringybark) · E. cordata (Heart-Leaved Silver Gum) · E. cornuta (Yate) · E. coronata (Crowned Mallee) · E. crebra (Narrow-Leaved Red Ironbark) · E. crenulata (Buxton Gum) · E. crucis (Silver Mallee) · E. curtisii (Plunkett Mallee) · E. cyanophylla (Blue-Leaved Mallee) · E. cylindriflora (White Mallee) · E. cypellocarpa (Monkey Gum) · E. dealbata (Hill Gum) · E. deanei (Deanes Gum) · E. debeuzevillei (Jonama Snow Gum) · E. deglupta (Indonesian Gum) · E. diversicolor (Karri) · E. doratoxylon (Spearwood Mallee) · E. effusa (Rough-Barked Gimlet) · E. elata (River Peppermint) · E. erythrocorys (Illyarrie) · E. forrestiana (Fuchsia Gum) · E. fruticetorum (Eucalyptus) · E. gamophylla (Blue-Leaved Mallee) · E. gillii (Arkaroola Mallee) · E. glaucescens (Tingiringi Gum) · E. globoidea (White Stringybark) · E. globulus (Blue Gum) · E. globulus bicostata (Eurabbie) · E. globulus globulus (Bluegum Eucalyptus) · E. globulus globulus var. globulus (Tasmanian Blue Gum) · E. globulus maidenii (Maiden´s Gum) · E. gomphocephala (Tuart) · E. goniocalyx (Mountain Graygum) · E. grandis (Flooded Gum) · E. gregsoniana (Mallee Snow Gum) · E. grossa (Coarse-Leaved Mallee) · E. gunnii (Cider Gum) · E. gunnii 'Blue Ice' (Cider Gum) · E. gunnii 'Silver Drop' (Cider Gum) · E. haemastoma (Scribbly Gum) · E. halophila (Eucalyptus) · E. intertexta (Red Box) · E. jacksonii (Red Tingle) · E. kitsoniana (Bog Gum) · E. kruseana (Bookleaf Mallee) · E. lansdowneana (Box) · E. largiflorens (Black Box) · E. lehmannii (Bushy Yate) · E. leucoxylon (Eucalyptus) · E. leucoxylon leucoxylon (White Iron Bark) · E. leucoxylon var. Rosea (Yellow Gum) · E. loxophleba loxophleba (Eucalyptus) · E. macrocarpa (Blue Bush) · E. marginata (Jarrah) · E. microcorys (Australian Tallow Wood) · E. microtheca (Coolibah) · E. moorei nana (Little Sally) · E. morrisbyi (Morrisby's Gum) · E. mortoniana (Morton Eucalyptus)

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Further Reading

• A contribution to the flora of Australia / by William Woolls. Sydney: F. White, 1867. url p. 241, p. 243.
• A critical revision of the genus Eucalyptus, by J.H. Maiden. Sydney, Gullick, 1903-33. url , , p. 155, p. 266, p. 285, p. 332, p. 367, p. 529, p. 63, p. 73.
• A manual of Indian timbers; an account of the growth, distribution, and uses of the trees and shrubs of India and Ceylon with descriptions of their wood-structure, by J. S. Gamble... London: S. Low, Marston & co. ltd., 1902. url p. 352.
• A research on the eucalypts, especially in regard to their essential oils, SydneyW.A. Gullick, Govt. Printer1920 url p. 144, p. 216, p. 250, p. 251, p. 268, p. 416, p. 95.
• A research on the eucalypts: especially in regard to their essential oils / by Richard T. Baker and Henry G. Smith. Sydney: Pub. by authority of the government of the state of New South Wales, W.A. Gullick, government printer, 1920. url , , p. 144, p. 216, p. 250, p. 251, p. 268, p. 416, p. 95.
• American bee journal. Hamilton, Ill., etc., Dadant & Sons url p. 632.
• American breeders magazine / American Breeders Association. [Washington, D.C.: ]The Association, url p. 191.
• Botanical abstracts. Baltimore, Williams & Wilkins Co. url p. 184, p. 203.
• Bulletin / Arizona Agricultural Experiment Station. Tucson: Agricultural Experiment Station, University of Arizona, 1890-1960. url p. 97.
• Bulletin / U.S. Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Forestry. Washington: G.P.O., 1902-1905. url , , , p. 10, p. 104, p. 106, p. 11, p. 8, p. 84, p. 85, p. 86.
• Bulletin of miscellaneous information /Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 1912 London: H.M. Stationery Office, 1900-1941. url p. 285.
• Bulletin. Bureau of Plant Industry. U. S. Department of Agriculture. 1901-13. WashingtonGovt. Print. Off. url p. 59, p. 66.
• Cabinet timbers of Australia. SydneyW.A. Gullick, Govt. Printer1913 url , p. 119.
• California garden-flowers, shrubs, trees and vines: being mainly suggestions for working amateurs / by E.J. Wickson. San Francisco: Pacific Rural Press, 1915, [c1914]. url p. 247.
• Contributions to the Queensland flora / Brisbane: Anthony James Cumming, Govt. Printer, 1890-1920. url p. 37.
• Cyclopedia of American horticulture, comprising suggestions for cultivation of horticultural plants, descriptions of the species of fruits, vegetables, flowers and ornamental plants sold in the United by L. H. Bailey. .. assisted by William Miller. .. and many expert cultivators and botanists. London: The Macmillan company, 1909. url p. 553.
• Eucalyptographia. A descriptive atlas of the eucalypts of Australia and the adjoining islands; by Baron Ferd. von Mueller. .. Melbourne, J. Ferres, government printer, 1883. url , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , .
• Eucalypts cultivated in the United States / by Alfred James McClatchie. Washington: G.P.O., 1902. url , , p. 10, p. 106, p. 11, p. 59, p. 8, p. 86.
• Eucalyptus, Los Angeles, Cal., B. R. Baumgardt & co., 1895. url p. 138, p. 186, p. 245, p. 274, p. 289, p. 33.
• Eucalyptus, by Abbot Kinney. Los Angeles, Cal., B.R. Baumgardt, 1895. url p. 138, p. 186, p. 245, p. 252, p. 274, p. 289, p. 33.
• Eucalyptus: its history, growth, and utilization / by C.H. Sellers. Sacramento: A.J. Johnston, 1910. url p. 21.
• Farm buildings and building construction in South Africa; a text-book for farmers, agricultural students, teachers, builders, etc. By W.S.H. Cleghorne. .. with a foreword by F.B. Smith. .. with 235 diagrams. London, Longmans, Green and Co., 1922. url p. 120.
• Flora Vitiensis nova: a new Flora of Fiji (spermatophytes only) / Albert C. Smith. Lawaii, Hawaii: Pacific Tropical Botanical Garden, 1979- url p. 300.
• Florists' review Chicago: Florists' Pub. Co. url .
• Forest culture and eucalyptus trees, San FranciscoCubery1876 url p. 479, p. 560.
• Forestry handbook / ed. by R. Dalrymple Hay, director of forests. Sydney: W. A. Gullick, 1915-17. url p. 24.
• Garden and forest; a journal of horticulture, landscape art and forestry. New York: The Garden and forest publishing co., 1888-97. url p. 251.
• Inventory of seeds and plants imported / U.S. Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Plant Industry. Washington, D.C.: G.P.O., 1914-1924. url p. 39, p. 89, p. 90.
• Journal of forestry. Washington: Society of American Foresters, 1917- url p. 427.
• Journal of the proceedings of the Linnean Society. London: The Society, 1857-1864. url p. 87.
• Memoirs and proceedings of the Manchester Literary & Philosophical Society. Manchester: The Society, 1888-1980. url p. 3.
• Nature. London, Macmillan. url p. 167.
• Pamphlets on forestry in California. [1900?- url p. 35, p. 40, p. 95.
• Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, 4th series. San Francisco, California Academy of Sciences. url p. 71.
• Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington. Washington, etc.: Entomological Society of Washington url p. 621.
• Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales. Sydney, Linnean Society of New South Wales. url , , , , p. 12, p. 1277, p. 1281, p. 134, p. 135, p. 191, p. 212, p. 257, p. 265, p. 325, p. 335, p. 336, p. 376, p. 429, p. 443, p. 451, p. 523, p. 645, p. 645, p. 650, p. 705, p. 737, p. 76, p. 99.
• Records of the Australian Museum. Sydney: Printed by order of the Trustees, 1890- url p. 196.
• Report of the Australian Association for the advancement of Science. Sidney, The Association. url p. 123.
• Report of the Board of Commissioners of Agriculture and Forestry of the Territory of Hawaii for the period. .. Honolulu. url p. 37, p. 57.
• Report on the Natal forests. .. [S.l.: s.n.], 1889. url p. 185.
• Report on the forests of British East Africa. LondonPrinted for His Majesty's Stationery Off. by Darling1909 url p. 118.
• Seeds and plants imported / U.S. Department of Agriculture. Washington, D.C.: G.P.O., 1903-1913. url p. 59, p. 66.
• Select extra-tropical plants readily eligible for industrial culture or naturalisation with indications of their native countries and some of their uses / by Baron Ferd. von Mueller. Melbourne: R. S. Brain, govt. printer, 1895. url p. 189, p. 195, p. 208, p. 631, p. 646, p. 176, p. 188, p. 571, p. 576, p. 586.
• Select extra-tropical plants, readily eligible for industrial culture or naturalisation, with indications of their native countries and some of their uses. By Baron Ferd. von Mueller. .. Sydney, T. Richards, government printer, 1881. url p. 118, p. 395.
• Smithsonian miscellaneous collections. 130 1956 Washington: Smithsonian Institution, 1862-1968. url p. 100, p. 40.
• Spixiana. München: Zoologische Staatssammlung München, 1977- url p. 157, p. 162, p. 163, p. 20, p. 21.
• The Bradley bibliography; a guide to the literature of the woody plants of the world published before the beginning of the twentieth century; Cambridge, Riverside Press, 1911-18. url p. 531.
• The Emu: official organ of the Australasian Ornithologists' Union. Melbourne: Royal Australasian Ornithologists Union, 1901- url p. 273.
• The Gardeners' chronicle: a weekly illustrated journal of horticulture and allied subjects. London: [Gardeners Chronicle], 1874-1955. url p. 174, p. 437, p. 721, p. 91, p. 99.
• The Hawaiian forester and agriculturist. Honolulu: Hawaiian Gazette Co., 1904-1933. url p. 83, p. 89.
• The Philippine journal of science. 4 1909 Manila. url p. 534, p. 575.
• The century supplement to the dictionary of gardening, a practical and scientific encyclopaedia of horticulture for gardeners and botanists / by Geo. Nicholson. .. [et al.]. Hyde Park, Mass.: Geo. T. King; 1901. url p. 354.
• The chemical synthesis of vital products and the interrelations between organic compounds / By Raphael Meldola. London: E. Arnold, 1904. url p. 92.
• The cultivated evergreens; a handbook of the coniferous and most important broad-leaved evergreens planted for ornament in the United States and Canada, edited by L. H. Bailey. London, Macmillan & co., ltd., 1923. url p. 387.
• The flora of the Northern Territory, Melbourne, McCarron, Bird & Co., Printers, 1917. url .
• The silviculture of Indian trees. Published under the authority of His Majesty's Secretary of State for India in Council. OxfordClarendon Press1921 url p. 559, p. 561, p. 567, p. 571.
• The standard cyclopedia of horticulture; a discussion, for the amateur, and the professional and commercial grower, of the kinds, characteristics and methods of cultivation of the species of plants grown in the regions of the United States a Illustrated with colored plates, four thousand engravings in the text, and ninety-six full-page cuts. New York, Macmillan, 1919 [c1914] url p. 1148, p. 1153.
• The timber trees of New South Wales, By Arvid Nilson. Sydney: T. Richards, government printer, 1884. url p. 142.
• The tropical agriculturist. Colombo, Ceylon: A.M. & J. Ferguson, 1882- url p. 828.
• The useful native plants of Australia, (including Tasmania) by J. H. Maiden. Sydney, Turner and Henderson, 1889. url p. 181.
• Timbers and their uses; a handbook for woodworkers, merchants, and all interested in the conversion and use of timber, London, E. P. Dutton & Co., 1919. url , .
• Vernacular list of trees, shrubs, and woody climbers in the Madras Presidency. Madras, Printed by the Superintendant, Government Press, 1915. url p. 341, p. 342, p. 427, p. 604, p. 651, p. 697, p. 732, p. 756, p. 798.
• Wood, a manual of the natural history and industrial applications of the timbers of commerce. London, E. Arnold, 1902. url p. 97.
• Wood; a manual of the natural history and industrial applications of the timbers of commerce. LondonE. Arnold1908 url p. 77, p. 83.
• Working plan for the Changa Manga Plantation. Lahore, 1917. url p. 15.
• Chang Hung-ta & Miau Ru-hwai. 1984. Myrtaceae. In: Chen Chieh, ed., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 53(1): 28-135.
• Chang Hung-ta & Miau Ru-hwai. 1984. Myrtaceae. In: Chen Chieh, ed., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 53(1): 28-135.

Notes

Contributors

• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 11, 2012.

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal January 30, 2008:

• Australian National Herbarium
• , Australian National Herbarium
• Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum, Bishop Museum Natural History Specimen Data
• USDA PLANTS, USDA PLANTS Database

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2667012
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: IOP-455001
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13690567
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:592841-1
• GRIN Nomen Number: 15886
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 502470
• International Plant Names Index (IPNI) ID: 592841-1
• Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: PDMRT020G0
• U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: EUCR
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 38803

Footnotes

1. Jie Chen & Lyn A. Craven "Myrtaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 13 Page 321. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
2. "Eucalyptus". in Flora of China Vol. 13 Page 321. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
3. Mean = 298.750 meters (980.151 feet), Standard Deviation = 290.180 based on 649 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]

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