Erysimum durum

• Interesting Facts
• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Description

Genus Erysimum

Herbs annual , biennial, or perennial , rarely subshrubs or shrubs . Trichomes sessile, medifixed , appressed , malpighiaceous or 3-5(-8) -rayed stellate . Stems simple or branched basally and/or apically. Basal leaves petiolate , rosulate, simple, entire or dentate , rarely pinnatifid or pinnatisect . Cauline leaves petiolate or sessile, cuneate or attenuate at base , rarely auriculate , entire or dentate. Racemes ebracteate or basally bracteate , rarely bracteate throughout, corymbose , elongated or not in fruit. Fruiting pedicels slender or thickened and nearly as wide as fruit, erect , ascending , divaricate , or reflexed . Sepals oblong or linear , erect, pubescent , base of lateral pair saccate or not. Petals yellow or orange, rarely white, pink, purple, or violet; blade suborbicular , obovate , spatulate , or oblong, apex rounded or emarginate ; claw differentiated from blade, subequaling or longer than sepals. Stamens 6, erect, tetradynamous ; anthers oblong or linear. Nectar glands 1, 2, or 4, distinct or confluent and subtending bases of all stamens; median glands present or absent. Ovules 15-100 per ovary. Fruit dehiscent siliques or rarely silicles , linear or rarely oblong, terete , 4-angled, latiseptate , or angustiseptate, sessile or rarely shortly stipitate ; valves with an obscure to prominent midvein , pubescent on outside, rarely also on inside, keeled or not, smooth or torulose ; replum rounded; septum complete , membranous, translucent or opaque , veinless; style obsolete or short, rarely half as long as or subequaling fruit, often pubescent; stigma capitate, entire or 2-lobed. Seeds uniseriate or rarely biseriate , winged , margined , or wingless, oblong, plump or flattened; seed coat minutely reticulate , mucilaginous when wetted; cotyledons incumbent or rarely accumbent .

About 150 species: N hemisphere, primarily in Asia and Europe, with 14 species in Central and North America and eight species in N Africa and Macaronesia; 17 species (five endemic) in China.[1]

Physical Description

Biology

Reproduction

Duration: Biennial , Perennial

Taxonomy

Synonyms

Erysimum hieraciifolium durum (J. and K. Presl) Hegi and E. Schmid

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name . Latest taxonomic scrutiny: 15-Mar-2000

Similar Species

Members of the genus Erysimum

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 71 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus:

E. ammophilum (Coast Wallflower) · E. angustatum (Contra Coasta Wallflower) · E. arenicola (Cascade Wallflower) · E. arenicola S.Watson var. arenicola S.Watson (Cascade Wallflower) · E. arenicola S.Watson var. torulosum (Piper) C.L.Hitchc. (Cascade Wallflower) · E. arenicola var. arenicola (Cascade Wallflower) · E. arenicola var. torulosum (Cascade Wallflower) · E. capitatum (Alpine Wallflower) · E. capitatum subsp. angustatum (Contra Costa Wallflower) · E. capitatum angustatum var. angustatum (Western Wallflower) · E. capitatum var. angustatum (Contra Costa Wallflower) · E. capitatum var. bealianum (Sanddune Wallflower) · E. capitatum var. capitatum (Sanddune Wallflower) · E. capitatum var. lompocense (San Luis Obispo Wallflower) · E. capitatum var. lompocense (G.Rossb.) Kartesz, comb. nov. ined. (San Luis Obispo Wallflower) · E. capitatum var. perenne (Sanddune Wallflower) · E. capitatum var. purshii (Purshs Wallflower) · E. cheiranthoides (Treacle Wallflower) · E. cheiri (Aegean Wallflower) · E. cheiri 'Blood Red' (English Wallflower) · E. cheiri 'Fair Lady Mix' (English Wallflower) · E. cheiri 'Harpur Crewe' (English Wallflower) · E. cheiri 'Ivory White' (English Wallflower) · E. cheiri 'Jane's Derision' (Aegean Wallflower) · E. cheiri 'Persian Carpet Mix' (English Wallflower) · E. cheiri 'Ruby Gem' (English Wallflower) · E. cheiri 'Vulcan' (English Wallflower) · E. durum (Hard Wallflower) · E. franciscanum (San Francisco Wallflower) · E. franciscanum var. franciscanum (San Francisco Wallflower) · E. glandulosum (Jewelflower) · E. helveticum (Tufted Wallflower) · E. hieraciifolium (European Wallflower) · E. hirsutum (Hairy Rockcress) · E. holboellii (Holboell's Rockcress) · E. inconspicuum (Shy Wallflower) · E. inconspicuum (S.Watson) MacM. var. coarctatum (Fern.) G.Rossb. (Shy Wallflower) · E. inconspicuum var. coarctatum (Shy Wallflower) · E. inconspicuum var. inconspicuum (Shy Wallflower) · E. insulare (Island Wallflower) · E. insulare insulare (Island Wallflower) · E. insulare suffrutescens (Island Wallflower) · E. kotschyanum (Kotschy Erysimum) · E. linifolium (Alpine Wallflower) · E. linifolium 'Julian Orchard' (Alpine Wallflower) · E. linifolium 'Variegatum' (Variegated Wallflower) · E. linifolium 'Wenlock Beauty' (Alpine Wallflower) · E. menziesii (Coast Wallflower) · E. menziesii menziesii (Coast Wallflower) · E. menziesii yadonii (Menzies' Wallflower) · E. occidentale (Pale Wallflower) · E. odoratum (Smelly Wallflower) · E. pallasii (Pallas Wallflower) · E. pallasii var. bracteosum (Pallas' Wallflower) · E. pallasii var. ochroleucum (Pallas' Wallflower) · E. pallasii var. pallasii (Pallas' Wallflower) · E. perofskianum (Afghan Erysimum) · E. perofskianum 'Gold Shot' (Afghan Erysimum) · E. repandum (Repand Wallflower) · E. suffrutescens var. suffrutescens (Shrubby Wallflower) · E. teretifolium (Ben Lomond Wallflower) · E. xmarshallii (Siberian Wallflower) · E. x marshallii (Siberian Wallflower) · E. 'Apricot Twist' (Perennial Wallflower) · E. 'Bowles' Mauve' (Bowles' Mauve Perennial Wallflower) · E. 'Cotswold Gem' (Perennial Wallflower) · E. 'Fragrant Sunshine' (Perennial Wallflower) · E. 'John Codrington' (Perennial Wallflower) · E. 'Pastel Patchwork' (Perennial Wallflower) · E. 'Plant World Gold' (Perennial Wallflower) · E. 'Plant World Lemon' (Perennial Wallflower)

More Info

• Search for Pictures: images.google.com
• Search for Scholarly Articles: Google Scholar
• Search using Scientific Name and Vernacular Names: All the Web | AltaVista Canada | AltaVista | Excite | Google | HotBot | Lycos
• Search using Specialized Databases: GenBank | Medline | Scirus | CISTI/CAL | Agricola Periodicals | Agricola Books

Further Reading

• Botanisches Zentralblatt; referierendes Organ für das Gesamtgebiet der Botanik. Jena [etc.]G. Fischer [etc.] GER url p. 207, p. 252, p. 57.
• Bulletin General et Universel des Annonces et de Nouvelles Scientifiques. Paris. url p. 80.
• Compendio della flora italiana; ossia, Manuale per la determinazione delle piante che trovansi selvatiche od inselvatichite nell'Italia e nelle isole adiacenti. Torino, E. Loescher, 1882. ITA url p. 42.
• Die Pflanzendecke Österreich-Ungarns. Auf Grund fremder und eigener Forschungen geschildert, von Dr. August Edler von Hayek. Hrsg. mit einem Druckkostenbeitrag der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien. Leipzig, F. Deuticke, 1916- [i.e. 1914] GER url p. 166, p. 196, p. 197.
• Dr. Joh. Christ. Mssler's Handbuch der Gewchskunde, enthaltend eine Flora von Deutschland mit hinzufgung der wichtigsten auslñdischen Cultur-Pflanzen. Altona, J. F. Hammerich, 1833-34. GER url p. 1207.
• Excursionsflora für Oesterreich, mit Ausschluss von Galizien, Bukowina und Dalmatien. Mit theilseiser Benützung des "Botanischen Excursionsbuches" von G. Lorinser, verfasst von Karl Fritsch. Wien, C. Gerold's Sohn, 1897. GER url p. 634.
• Exkursionsflora für Österreich, mit Ausschlus von Galizien, Bukowina und Dalmatien. Wien, Karl Gerolds Sohn, 1909. GER url p. 691.
• Flora von Nieder-Österreich. Handbuch zur Bestimmung sämmtlicher in diesem Kronlande und den angrenzenden Gebieten wildwachsenden, häufig gebauten und verwildert vorkommenden Samenpflanzen und Führer zu weiteren botanischen Forsc Wein, C. Gerold, 1890-93. GER url p. 481.
• Flora von Wien; eine Aufzählung der in den Umgebungen Wiens wild wachsenden oder im grossen gebauten Gefässpflanzen, nebst einer pflanzen-geografischen Uebersicht. Wien, F. Beck, 1868. GER url p. 490.
• J. C. Rhlings Deutschlands Flora. Frankfurt am Main: F. Wilmans, 1823-1839. GER url p. 680, p. 681.
• Just's botanischer jahresbericht. Systematisch geordnetes repertorium der botanischen literatur aller länder. Berlin, Gebr. Borntraeger, 1874-98; GER url p. 523, p. 844, p. 904, p. 950.
• Moravské hálky. (Zoocecidia.) / Sepsal Emil Bayer. Brno: Pokorný, 1914. CZE url p. 100.
• Synopsis florae Germanicae et Helveticae: exhibens stirpes phanerogamas rite cognitas, quae in Germania, Helvetia, Borussia et Istria sponte crescunt atque in hominum usum copiosius coluntur: secundum systema Candolleanum digestas, praemissa auctore Gui Francofurti ad Moenum: F. Wilmans, 1837. LAT url p. 50.
• Taschenbuch der Flora Deutschlands; nach dem Linnischen Systeme geordnet. Nrnberg, J.L. Schrag, 1847. GER url p. 310.

Notes

Contributors

• Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 10, 2012.
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed February 28, 2008. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 2 providers.
• USDA, NRCS. 2005. The PLANTS Database, Version 3.5 (http://plants.usda.gov). National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70874-4490 USA.

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal February 28, 2008:

• Steiermärkisches Landesmuseum Joanneum - Herbarium GJO: Herbarium GJO
• Tiroler Landesmuseum Ferdinandeum

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 3876927
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-506972
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:283776-1
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 506972
• U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: ERHID
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 38453

Footnotes

1. Zhou Taiyan (Cheo Tai-yien, Lu Lianli (Lou Lian-li, Yang Guang, Vladimir I. Dorofeyev, Ihsan A. Al-Shehbaz "Erysimum". in Flora of China Vol. 8 Page 163. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]

©2004-2012 David Stang. All rights reserved.