Erysimum cheiranthoides (Treacle Wallflower)

Overview

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Interesting Facts

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Common Names

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Click on the language to view common names.

Common Names in English:

Treacle Wallflower, Wallflower Mustard, Worm-Seed Wallflower, Wormseed Mustard, Wormseed Wallflower

Common Names in Portuguese:

Mostarda-Viscosa

Description

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Genus Erysimum

Herbs annual , biennial, or perennial , rarely subshrubs or shrubs . Trichomes sessile, medifixed , appressed , malpighiaceous or 3-5(-8) -rayed stellate . Stems simple or branched basally and/or apically. Basal leaves petiolate , rosulate, simple, entire or dentate , rarely pinnatifid or pinnatisect . Cauline leaves petiolate or sessile, cuneate or attenuate at base , rarely auriculate , entire or dentate. Racemes ebracteate or basally bracteate , rarely bracteate throughout, corymbose , elongated or not in fruit. Fruiting pedicels slender or thickened and nearly as wide as fruit, erect , ascending , divaricate , or reflexed . Sepals oblong or linear , erect, pubescent , base of lateral pair saccate or not. Petals yellow or orange, rarely white, pink, purple, or violet; blade suborbicular , obovate , spatulate , or oblong, apex rounded or emarginate ; claw differentiated from blade, subequaling or longer than sepals. Stamens 6, erect, tetradynamous ; anthers oblong or linear. Nectar glands 1, 2, or 4, distinct or confluent and subtending bases of all stamens; median glands present or absent. Ovules 15-100 per ovary. Fruit dehiscent siliques or rarely silicles , linear or rarely oblong, terete , 4-angled, latiseptate , or angustiseptate, sessile or rarely shortly stipitate ; valves with an obscure to prominent midvein , pubescent on outside, rarely also on inside, keeled or not, smooth or torulose ; replum rounded; septum complete , membranous, translucent or opaque , veinless; style obsolete or short, rarely half as long as or subequaling fruit, often pubescent; stigma capitate, entire or 2-lobed. Seeds uniseriate or rarely biseriate , winged , margined , or wingless, oblong, plump or flattened; seed coat minutely reticulate , mucilaginous when wetted; cotyledons incumbent or rarely accumbent .

About 150 species: N hemisphere, primarily in Asia and Europe, with 14 species in Central and North America and eight species in N Africa and Macaronesia; 17 species (five endemic) in China.[1]

Physical Description

Species Erysimum cheiranthoides

Herbs annual , (7-) 15-100(-150) cm tall. Trichomes primarily 3- or 4-fid, sometimes mixed with 5-fid ones, malpighiaceous trichomes primarily on stem and pedicels. Stems erect , often branched above, ribbed . Basal leaves rosulate, withered by fruiting. Middle and upper cauline leaves shortly petiolate or sessile; leaf blade lanceolate, linear , or elliptic-oblong, (1-) 2-7(-11) cm × (2-) 5-10(-20) mm, base cuneate, margin subentire or denticulate , rarely sinuate-dentate, apex acute or obtuse . Racemes corymbose , densely flowered, ebracteate , elongated considerably in fruit. Fruiting pedicels divaricate or ascending , 5-13(-16) mm, slender, much narrower than fruit. Sepals oblong , 1.8-3 × 0.5-1 mm, not saccate . Petals yellow, narrowly spatulate , 3-5 × 1.5-2 mm, apex rounded ; claw distinct , subequaling sepals. Filaments yellow, 2-3.5 mm; anthers oblong, 0.5-0.7 mm. Ovules (20-) 30-55 per ovary. Fruit linear, 4-angled, (1-) 1.5-2.5(-4) cm × 1-1.3 mm, somewhat torulose , suberect or divaricate-ascending, straight; valves with a distinct midvein, outside with 3-5-forked trichomes, inside densely pubescent ; style slender, 0.5-1.5 mm, cylindric ; stigma slightly 2-lobed. Seeds oblong, 1-1.5 × 0.4-0.6 mm. Fl. May-Aug, fr. Jun-Sep. 2n = 16. [source]

Records in FRPS of Erysimum cheiranthoides from provinces and autonomous regions other than the ones listed above are likely based on misidentified plants of E. macilentum. The two species are quite distinct and are easily distinguished by the characters in the above key. [source]

Although the present authors have not examined the type of Erysimum brevifolium, it is almost certain that the species is a synonym of either E. cheiranthoides or E. macilentum because in the protologue the interior of the fruit valves was described as densely stellate . It is here placed in the synonymy of E. cheiranthoides based on the shape of the petals, which were said to be narrowly obovate ; in E. macilentum the petals are linear to linear-oblanceolate. [source]

Habit: Forb/herb

Flowers: Bloom Period: April, May. • Flower Color: yellow

Size/Age/Growth

Size: 24-36" tall.

Habitat

Dry beds , moist areas; 800-3000 m [2].

Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 4,091 meters (0 to 13,422 feet).[3]

Biology

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Reproduction

Duration: Annual , Biennial

Growth

Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Full sun .

Taxonomy

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Domain: Eukaryota () - Whittaker & Margulis,1978 - eukaryotes
- Kingdom: Plantae () - Haeckel, 1866 - Plants
  - Subkingdom: Viridaeplantae () - Cavalier-Smith, 1981
    - Phylum: Tracheophyta () - Sinnott, 1935 ex Cavalier-Smith, 1998 - Vascular Plants
      - Subphylum: Euphyllophytina ()
        Class: Spermatopsida () - Brongniart, 1843
        Subclass: Rosidae () - Takhtajan, 1967
        Superorder: Ranunculanae () - Takhtajan Ex Reveal, 1992
        Order: Brassicales () - Bromhead, 1838
        Family: Cruciferae () - A.L. de Jussieu, 1789, nom. cons., nom. alt.
        Tribe: Camelineae ()
        Genus: Erysimum () - C. Linnaeus, 1753 - Wallflower
        Specific epithet: cheiranthoides - L.
        Botanical name: - Erysimum cheiranthoides L.

Synonyms

Cheiranthus cheiranthoides (L.) A. Heller • Cheirinia cheiranthoides (L.) Link • E. cheiranthoides var. japonicum H. Boissieu • E. japonicum (H. Boissieu) Makino • E. parviflorum Persoon. • Erysimum brevifolium Z. X. An • Erysimum cheiranthoides altum Ahti

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name .

Last scrutiny: 2009

Similar Species

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Members of the genus Erysimum

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 71 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus:

More Info

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Flora of Derbyshire: flowering plants, higher cryptogams, mosses and hepatics, Characeae. London, Bemrose & Sons Ltd., 1903. url p. 28, p. 30.
Flora of Guernsey and the lesser Channel Islands: namely, Alderney, Sark, Herm, Jethou, and the adjacent islets. London, Dulau, 1901. url p. 51.
Flora of Illinois, containing keys for identification of flowering plants and ferns. Notre Dame, Ind., University of Notre Dame Press, 1963. url p. 72.
Flora of Indiana, by Charles C. Deam. Indianapolis, Wm. B. Burford printing co., contractor for state printing and binding, 1940. url p. 1051, p. 508, p. 509.
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Flora of the Rocky Mountains and adjacent plains, Colorado, Utah, Wyoming, Idaho, Montana, Saskatchewan, Alberta, and neighboring parts of Nebraska, South Dakota, North Dakota, and British Columbia / by P.A. Rydberg. New York: The author, 1922. url p. 343.
Flora of the Southern United States: containing an abridged description of the flowering plants and ferns of Tennessee, North and South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, and Florida: arranged according to the natural system. New York, Ivison, Blakeman, Taylor & Co., [c1883] url .
Flora of the southeastern United States; being descriptions of the seed-plants, ferns and fern-allies growing naturally in North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Tennessee, Alabama, Mississippi, Arkansas, Louisiana, and in Oklahom by John Kunkel Small. New York, The author, 1913. url p. 475, p. 475, p. 476, p. 476.
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Flowers of field, hill, and swamp; New York, Harper & Brothers, 1899. url .
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Gray's Lessons in botany and vegetable physiology: illustrated by over 360 wood engravings from original drawings by Isaac Sprague: to which is added a copious glossary, or dictionary of botanical terms / by Asa Gray. New York: Ivison, Blakeman, Taylor & Co., 1877, c1868. url p. 69.
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Price list of chemical and bacteriological apparatus, chemicals and reagents manufactured and sold by Baird [and] Tatlock (London) Ltd. London, Baird [and] Tatlock, 1914. url p. 1067.
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The Irish naturalist. Dublin: Eason & Son, Ltd., 1892- url p. 194, p. 269, p. 33, p. 40, p. 42, p. 96, p. 97, p. 99.
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The Journal of the Linnean Society. Botany. 41 1912-13 London: the Society: Longman, Green, Longman, Roberts & Green: ||Williams and Norgate, 1865-1968. url p. 405.
The Macrolepidoptera of the world; a systematic description of the hitherto known Macrolepidoptera, ed. in collaboration with well-known specialists. Stuttgart: Seitz'schen (Kernen), 1906- url p. 172.
The Manchester flora: a descriptive list of the plants growing wild within eighteen miles of Manchester, with notices of the plants commonly cultivated in gardens; preceded by an introduction to botany, by L. H. Grindon. London, W. White, 1859. url p. 119.
The Metaspermae of the Minnesota Valley: a list of the higher seed-producing plants indigenous to the drainage-basin of the Minnesota River / by Conway MacMillan. Minneapolis: Geological and Natural History Survey of Minnesota, 1892. url p. 680, p. 681, p. 728.
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The botanical looker-out among the wild flowers of England and Wales, at all seasons, and in the most interesting localities. By Edwin Lees. .. London, Hamilton, Adams & Co., 1851. url p. 13.
The entomologist's log-book and dictionary of the life histories and food plants of the British Macro-Lepidoptera, giving many thousands of facts and data connected with the appearance of the ova, larvæ, pupæ, and imagines: methods of capture: habitats: food plants: authorities: synonyms: etc., in Latin and Englis by Alfred George Scorer. London, G. Routledge & sons, limited, 1913. url , p. 109.
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The flora of Harrow: by J. Cosmo Melvill. Harrow, Green and Co.;1876. url p. 10.
The flora of Suffolk a topographical enumeration of the plants of the county, showing the results of former observations and of the most recent researches / by W.M. Hind; assisted by Churchill Babington; with an introductory chapter of the geology, climate and meteorology of Suffolk by Wheelton Hind. London: Gurney and Jackson, 1889. url p. 475.
The flora of Tennessee and a philosophy of botany: respectfully dedicated to the citizens of Tennessee / by Augustin Gattinger. Nashville: Press of Gospel Advocate Pub. Co., 1901. url p. 89.
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The flora of the Palouse region. Containing descriptions of all the Spermatophytes and Pteridophytes known to grow wild in the area within 35 kilometers of Pullman, Washington. By Charles V. Piper and R. Kent Beattie. Pullman, Washington Agricultural College and School of Science, 1901. url p. 87.
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VII.
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Notes

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Contributors

Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 10, 2012.
Brassicaceae species checklist and database. Release date: December 10, 2009
"Erysimum cheiranthoides". in Flora of China Vol. 8 Page 168. Published by Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed March 25, 2006. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 36 providers.
LepIndex: The Global Lepidoptera Names Index
Marlin, Bruce. CirrusImage.com.
Opler, Paul A., Harry Pavulaan, Ray E. Stanford, Michael Pogue, coordinators. Butterflies and Moths of North America. Bozeman, MT: Mountain Prairie Information Node. March 26, 2007.
Ruggiero M., Gordon D., Bailly N., Kirk P., Nicolson D. (2011). The Catalogue of Life Taxonomic Classification, Edition 2, Part A. In: Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist (Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D., eds). DVD; Species 2000: Reading, UK.
USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. URL (April 26, 2008)

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 14, 2007:

Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin-Dahlem, GEO Biodiversity Day
Jyväskylä University Museum - The Section of Natural Sciences, Vascular plant collection of Jyvaskyla University Museum
Missouri Botanical Garden, Missouri Botanical Garden
Museum of Natural History, Wroclaw University, Museum of Natural History, Wroclaw University, Flora of the Stołowe Mts.
Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, Vascular Plant Herbarium, Oslo
Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, Vascular Plants, Field notes, Oslo
Oregon State University, Vascular Plant Collection
The Danish Biodiversity Information Facility, Botany registration database by Danish botanists
The Swedish Museum of Natural History
, Botany
The Swedish Museum of Natural History
, Herbarium of Oskarshamn
The Swedish Museum of Natural History
, Plants
University of Alaska Museum of the North, University of Alaska Museum of the North Herbarium

Identifiers

Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2648590
Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: Mus-1806
Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 4490920
Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:283699-1
GRIN Nomen Number: 105478
Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 22933
Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: PDBRA16060
U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: ERCHA
Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 30357

Footnotes

Zhou Taiyan (Cheo Tai-yien, Lu Lianli (Lou Lian-li, Yang Guang, Vladimir I. Dorofeyev, Ihsan A. Al-Shehbaz "Erysimum". in Flora of China Vol. 8 Page 163. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
"Erysimum cheiranthoides". in Flora of China Vol. 8 Page 168. Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
Mean = 190.610 meters (625.361 feet), Standard Deviation = 254.460 based on 7,821 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]

Erysimum cheiranthoides

Overview

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Description

Genus Erysimum

Physical Description

Species Erysimum cheiranthoides

Size/Age/Growth

Habitat

Biology

Reproduction

Growth

Taxonomy

Synonyms

Notes

Similar Species

Members of the genus Erysimum

More Info

Further Reading

Notes

Contributors

Data Sources

Identifiers

Footnotes