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Eruca vesicaria

(Rocket-Salad, Rocketsalad)

Conservation Status

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Population Analysis

  • For the 835,580 species in the Class Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledons), we average 4.30 observations each in our database; for the Rocket-Salad, we have 376 observations. Compared to other species in this Class, this species is moderately common.
  • A two-sample t-test can be used to determine whether the trend in observations of the Rocket-Salad is the same as the trend in observations of Magnoliopsida. Is this species just as common, as a proportion of all observations, as it once was? The answer is no, changes in observation rate of this species significantly differ from changes in observation rate of its Class. (t=4.903, p<0.001)
  • How do observation rates of the Rocket-Salad differ from those of Magnoliopsida? To answer this, we examined the percentage of observerations for Magnoliopsida that were observations of the Rocket-Salad each year. We then correlated this percentage with observation year. If observations of the Rocket-Salad are becoming more common relative to other species of Magnoliopsida, the correlation should be positive, but if it is becoming less common, the correlation should be negative. In fact, the correlation is negative (r=-.41), with a negative slope (m = -.000), suggesting that the Rocket-Salad may be in decline relative to other species of Magnoliopsida. This correlation is statistically significant. (F = 70.97, p<.05)
  • The scatter chart to the right shows the percentage of all observations for Magnoliopsida each year that were observations of the Rocket-Salad.

Taxonomy

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Notes:

Publishing author: L. Publication: Sp. Pl. 667

Name Status: Accepted Name. Latest taxonomic scrutiny: 15-Mar-2000

Place of publication: Descr. pl. 2:426. 1802

Name verified on 02-Nov-1993 by ARS Systematic Botanists. Last updated: 23-Aug-1994

Physical Description

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Genus Eruca:

Herbs annual or perennial. Trichomes absent or simple. Stems erect or ascending, leafy or leafless. Basal leaves petiolate, rosulate or not, simple, often lyrate-pinnatifid, rarely bipinnatisect or dentate. Cauline leaves petiolate or sessile, not auriculate, entire, dentate, or lyrate-pinnatifid, sometimes absent. Racemes ebracteate, elongated considerably in fruit. Fruiting pedicels erect or ascending and subappressed to rachis, rarely divaricate. Sepals oblong or linear, deciduous or rarely persistent, erect, base of lateral pair saccate. Petals cream or yellow with dark brown or purple veins, or entire blade purple; blade broadly obovate or oblanceolate, rounded or emarginate; claw subequaling or longer than sepals. Stamens 6, strongly tetradynamous; anthers oblong or linear, obtuse at apex. Nectar glands 4 or 2; lateral pair prismatic; median pair ovoid or oblong, or absent. Ovules 10-50 per ovary. Fruit siliques or silicles, linear, oblong, or ellipsoid, terete or 4-angled, sessile, segmented; valvular segment dehiscent, many seeded; valves smooth, leathery, with a prominent midvein; terminal segment indehiscent, seedless, flattened and ensiform, or 4-angled, shorter or longer than valves; replum rounded; septum complete, membranous; style obsolete; stigma conical, 2-lobed, lobes connivent, decurrent. Seeds biseriate, wingless, globose or ovoid, plump; seed coat minutely reticulate, mucilaginous when wetted; cotyledons conduplicate.

One species: NW Africa, Asia, Europe, naturalized elsewhere.[1]

Habit: Forb/herb

Images:

Distribution

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Range and Population

North America

Native: .

Reproduction

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Duration: Annual

Similar Species

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Members of the genus Eruca:

There are approximately 66 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus: E. sativa lativalvis · E. alba · E. aquatica · E. arvensis · E. aspera · E. aurea · E. barbarea · E. bellidis-folia · E. brevirostris · E. cappadocica · E. decumbens · E. deserti · E. drepanensis · E. elongata · E. erecta · E. E.strum · E. foetida · E. glabrescens · E. grandiflora · E. hispanica · E. hispida · E. hispidovalvis · E. intermedia · E. lanceolata · E. lativalvis · E. loncholoma · E. longirostris · E. longirrostris · E. longistyla · E. macrocapa · E. muralis · E. oleracea · E. orthosepala · E. perennis · E. permixta · E. pinnatifida · E. prolongoi · E. raphanus · E. resedaefolia · E. ruchella · E. ruchetta · E. sativa longirostris · E. sativa subsp. lativalvis · E. setulosa · E. silvestris · E. stenocarpa · E. stulosa · E. subbipinnata · E. sylvestris · E. tanacetifolia · E. tenuifolia · E. trichocarpa · E. versicaria · E. vesicaria (Rocket-Salad) · E. vesicaria longirostris · E. vesicaria pinnatifida · E. vesicaria sativa (Arugula) · E. vesicaria subsp. sativa 'Astro' (Arugula) · E. vesicaria subsp. sativa 'Myway' (Arugula) · E. vesicaria subsp. sativa 'Runway' (Arugula) · E. vesicaria subsp. sativa 'Sky Rocket' (Arugula) · E. vesicaria subsp. sativa 'Wild Italian Rocket' (Arugula) · E. vesicaria var. sativa · E. vesicaria vesicaria · E. vesicaris · E. viminea

Bibliography

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  • Encke, F. et al. 1984. Zander: Handwörterbuch der Pflanzennamen, 13. Auflage. (Zander ed13)
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  • Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium. 1976. Hortus third. (Hortus 3)
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  • Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1964–1980. Flora europaea. (F Eur)

More Info

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Notes

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Contributors:

  • African Regional Workshop (Conservation and Sustainable Management of Trees, Zimbabwe) 1998. Pericopsis elata. In: IUCN 2006. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. &lt;www.iucnredlist.org&gt;. Downloaded on 20 October 2006.
  • Barneby RC and Forero E, 1994/1995 (from ILDIS).
  • Barneby RC & Forero E, 1994/1995 (from ILDIS).
  • Barneby RC & Grimes JW (Monograph 1996/97), 2001-05 (from ILDIS).
  • BioSystematic Database of World Diptera, 7.0, 2005.
  • Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
  • Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-2005. Systema Naturae 2000. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. [http://sn2000.taxonomy.nl/Taxonomicon/]. Access date: Nov 23, 2005
  • Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-2006. Systema Naturae 2000. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Accessed April 21, 2007.
  • Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-2007. Systema Naturae 2000. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Accessed September 17, 2007.
  • Carr, Gerald
  • Chappill J, 2001-06 (from ILDIS).
  • Cristofolini G, 2001-06 (from ILDIS).
  • Fautin, Daphne G. (from Hexacorallians of the World).
  • Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed January 27, 2008. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from provider.
  • Hexacorallians of the World 2001.
  • Heyn CC & Heller D 1991/1993 (from ILDIS).
  • Home of the Xylariaceae 2006.
  • ILDIS World Database of Legumes, 10, Nov 2005
  • ILDIS World Database of LegumesNov 10, 2005.
  • Lewis GP, 1994/1995 (from ILDIS).
  • Light, Kris. East Tennessee Wildflowers
  • Nghia, N.H. 1998. Dalbergia entadoides. In: IUCN 2006. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. &lt;www.iucnredlist.org&gt;. Downloaded on 20 October 2006.
  • Nielsen IC and Rico ML, 1994 (from ILDIS).
  • Nielsen IC & Rico ML, 1994 (from ILDIS).
  • Nielsen IC and Rico ML, 1994 (from ILDIS World Database of Legumes).
  • Ocean Biogeographic Information System. Accessed March 01, 2006. www.iobis.org
  • Parhost World Database of FleasNov 2, 2005.
  • Pasquet RS, 2001-06 (from ILDIS).
  • Pippen, Jeffrey S. Jeff's Nature Page. Accessed December 8, 2007.
  • Podlech D, 1996 (from ILDIS).
  • Polhill RM, 1993 (from ILDIS).
  • Rhytismatales database 2006.
  • Ross JH, 2001-01 (from ILDIS).
  • Schrire BD, 1994-10 (from ILDIS).
  • Sokoloff DD, 2001-03 (from ILDIS).
  • Species Fungorum 2006.
  • Stirton CH, 2001-06 (from ILDIS).
  • The Global Lepidoptera Names Index2, 12.2, 2005.
  • The International Plant Names Index. Accessed Jan 19, 2007.
  • The Virtual Field Herbarium.
  • Thomson, Christian (from Diptera).
  • USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. URL (April 27, 2008)
  • USDA, NRCS. 2005. The PLANTS Database, Version 3.5 (http://plants.usda.gov). National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70874-4490 USA.
  • Vaz AMSF, 2001-05 (from ILDIS).
  • World Conservation Monitoring Centre 1998. Adenanthera intermedia. In: IUCN 2006. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. &lt;www.iucnredlist.org&gt;. Downloaded on 20 October 2006.
  • Zarucchi JL, 1993 (from ILDIS).
  • van der Maesen LJG, 1993 (from ILDIS).
  • van der Maesen, LJG, 2001-03 (from ILDIS).

Data Sources:

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 23, 2007:

Identifiers:

Footnotes:

  1. "Eruca". in Flora of China Vol. 8 Page 24. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.

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Last Revised: May 18, 2008