Eriogonum alatum

• Overview
• Interesting Facts
• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Overview

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Description

Family Polygonaceae

Herbs, shrubs , or small trees , sometimes monoecious or dioecious. Stems erect , prostrate , twining , or scandent , often with swollen nodes, striate , grooved , or prickly. Leaves simple , alternate, rarely opposite or whorled , petiolate or subsessile ; stipules often united to a sheath (ocrea) . Inflorescence terminal or axillary , spicate , racemose, paniculate , or capitate. Pedicel occasionally articulate . Flowers small, actinomorphic , bisexual , rarely unisexual . Perianth 3-6-merous, in 1 or 2 series, herbaceous, often enlarged in fruit or inner tepals enlarged, with wings , tubercles , or spines. Stamens usually (3-) 6-9, rarely more; filaments free or united at base ; anthers 2-loculed, opening lengthwise; disk annular (often lobed ) . Ovary superior, 1-loculed; styles 2 or 3, rarely 4, free or connate at lower part. Fruit a trigonous , biconvex , or biconcave achene; seed with straight or curved embryo and copious endosperm.

About 50 genera and 1120 species: worldwide, but primarily N temperate with a few species in tropical regions ; 13 genera (two endemic) and 238 species (65 endemic) in China.[1]

Genus Eriogonum

Shrubs , subshrubs , or herbs, sometimes nearly arborescent , perennial , biennial, or annual , polycarpic or, rarely, monocarpic (subg. Pterogonum), synoecious (sometimes polygamodioecious in subg. Micrantha and Oligogonum, rarely dioecious in subg. Oligogonum) ; taproot slender to stout, solid, or rarely chambered (subg. Pterogonum). Stems prostrate or decumbent to erect , infrequently absent, glabrous or pubescent , sometimes glandular ; caudex stems absent or woody, tightly compact to spreading and at or just below surface, or spreading to erect and above surface; aerial flowering stems arising at nodes of caudex branches, at distal nodes of aerial branches, or directly from the root , prostrate or decumbent to erect, slender to stout, solid or slightly to distinctly hollow and fistulose, rarely disarticulating into ringlike segments (subg. Clastomyelon). Leaves usually persistent through anthesis , occasionally persistent through growing season or longer , sometimes marcescent or quickly deciduous, basal and sometimes sheathing up stems, cauline, or basal and cauline, alternate, opposite, or whorled , 1 per node or fasciculate; petiole usually present, sometimes obscure ; blade linear to orbiculate, entire apically. Inflorescences terminal or terminal and axillary , cymose and dichotomously or trichotomously branched, or racemose, simple or compound-umbellate, subcapitate , or capitate, occasionally distally uniparous due to suppression of secondary branches; branches mostly dichotomous except for initial trichotomous node, not brittle or disarticulating into segments, round and smooth , rarely grooved , angled or ridged , variously lanate , tomentose , floccose , sericeous , hispid , pilose-pubescent, or puberulent , occasionally glandular, rarely scabrellous; bracts 2-13 or more at proximal nodes, usually 3 distally, connate proximally, leaflike, semileaflike, or scalelike, not awn-tipped, glabrous or variously pubescent or glandular. Peduncles absent or erect to deflexed . Involucres 1-8 or more per cluster , smooth or ribbed , tubular , cylindric or narrowly turbinate to broadly campanulate or hemispheric ; teeth 5-10, sometimes lobelike, not awned . Flowers bisexual or, infrequently, unisexual , (2-) 6-100 per involucre at any single time during full anthesis, sometimes with stipelike base ; perianth usually white to red or variously yellow, broadly campanulate when open, cylindric to urceolate when closed , glabrous or pubescent or glandular abaxially; tepals 6, connate proximally to 2 their length , monomorphic or dimorphic , usually entire apically, rarely emarginate ; stamens 9; filaments adnate basally, glabrous or pubescent; anthers usually red to cream or yellow, oblong to ellipsoid or oval . Achenes included to exserted, various shades of brown, black, or occasionally yellow, rarely winged or ridged (subg. Pterogonum), lenticular or 3-gonous, glabrous or pubescent. Seeds: embryo curved or straight. x = 10.

Species ca. 250: North America (including n Mexico).

Eriogonum is the basal group of subfam. Eriogonoideae. Like all of its related genera, Eriogonum is a highly derived tetraploid taxon that has undergone rapid evolution in arid regions of western North America. The circumscription of the genera in the subfamily is now being studied molecularly and cladistically. The approach taken here is to divide the group into numerous genera, acknowledging that the resulting Eriogonum remains paraphyletic and that all genera of Eriogoneae are imbedded within Eriogonum as presently circumscribed. Resolution may well come with the reduction of the subfamily to two genera, Eriogonum and Pterostegia (including Harfordia Greene, a genus of Baja California, Mexico), or, at the other extreme, reducing Eriogonum to just two species. What the future will hold is difficult to ascertain at this time.

As presently circumscribed, Eriogonum is one of the larger genera in the flora area, being exceeded in numbers of species only by Carex (ca. 480), Astragalus (ca. 350), and Penstemon (ca. 250). As a native North American genus, Eriogonum (ca. 250) is second only to Penstemon. Ecologically, species of Eriogonum occur from the seashore to the highest mountains in the United States. They are among the last plants seen atop the Sierra Nevada and on the €œoutskirts€ of Badwater in Death Valley. About one-third of the species are uncommon to rare in their distribution. The United States Department of the Interior currently lists some as endangered or threatened species. Some species tend to be weedy, and some of the annual species are aggressively so.

Species of Eriogonum have long been regarded as among the most difficult in North America to distinguish. Regional treatments should be consulted before attempting to use this review, especially for plants found outside California or the Intermountain West. Geographic distribution is a useful character, and such information is given fully in keys and discussion here to aid with identification. In addition to regional keys noted below, keys exist for Texas (J. L. Reveal 1970b), the Pacific Northwest (J. L. Reveal 1973), and the Great Plains (R. Kaul 1986). In each instance the nomenclature should be compared with that presented here. To aid in the identification of species belonging to the largest subgenus , Eucycla, regional keys are given here, thereby avoiding a long and complex key to the more than 100 species.

In collecting specimens of Eriogonum, try to obtain leaves (especially for annuals), fruits (especially those belonging to subg. Pterogonum), and ample flowers (rarely difficult to accomplish). Field observations on flower color, pubescence , and overall size and habit are useful. Some species (especially those of subg. Oligogonum) are dioecious, with the mature staminate and pistillate plants occasionally markedly different in aspect . It is not uncommon for several annual species to grow intermixed in disturbed places, so care must be taken to prevent mixed collections . Finally, as in all cases, collectors should try to sample the range of variation rather than concentrate on extremes.

Eriogonum has a long history of aboriginal use. Today, several members of the genus are in cultivation, especially in the rock or alpine garden (G. Nicholls 2002).

Members of Eriogonum are hosts for a number of butterfly species, including such endangered ones as the El Segundo dotted-blue (Euphilotes battoides allyni), Smith's dotted blue (Euphilotes enoptes smithi), and Lange's metalmark (Apodemia mormo Iangei). Species of the genus Euphilotes spend their entire life on particular species complexes. Other butterfly species found in association with Eriogonum and relatives (see P. A. Opler and A. B . Wright 1999) include the western green hairstreak (Callophrys affinis), desert green or Comstock's hairstreak (C. comstocki), bramble hairstreak (C. dumetorum), Lembert's hairstreak (C. lemberti), Sheridan's green hairstreak (C. sheridani), green hairstreak (C. viridis), varied blue (Chalceria heteronea), Rocky Mountain dotted-blue (Euphilotes ancilla), Bauer's dotted-blue (E. baueri), Bernardino dotted-blue (E. bernardino), Ellis's dotted-blue (E. ellisi), Pacific dotted-blue (E. enoptes), intermediate dotted-blue (E. intermedia), Mojave dotted-blue (E. mojave), pallid dotted-blue (E. pallescens), Rita dotted-blue (E. rita), Spalding's dotted-blue (E. spaldingi), Gorgon copper (Gaeides gorgon), gayas or Edward's blue (Hemiargus ceranus gyas), blue copper (Lycaena heteronea), small blue (Philotiella speciosa), Boisduval's blue (Plebeius icarioides), acmon blue (P. acmon), lupine blue (P. lupini), veined blue (P. neurona), California hairstreak (Satyrium californica), nut-brown hairstreak (S. saepium), Avalon scrub-hairstreak (Strymon avalona), and gray hairstreak (S. melinus). Flowering plants of Eriogonum are infrequently visited by the sooty hairstreak (Satyrium fulginosum), the flowers being a source of nectar for adults . According to Opler, several additional species and subspecies of these butterflies remain to be described.[2]

Physical Description

Biology

Reproduction

Duration: Perennial

Taxonomy

Synonyms

Pterogonum alatum (Torrey) H. Gross

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name .

Last scrutiny: 15-Mar-2000

Similar Species

Members of the genus Eriogonum

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 521 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:

E. abertianum (Abert Buckwheat) · E. abertianum var. abertianum (Abert's Buckwheat) · E. abertianum var. cyclosepalum (Abert's Buckwheat) · E. acaule (Pointed Eriogonum) · E. alatum (Wind Wildbuckwheat) · E. alatum var. alatum (Winged Wild Buckwheat) · E. alatum var. glabriusculum (Winged Buckwheat) · E. alatum var. mogollense (Winged Buckwheat) · E. aliquantum (Cimarron Buckwheat) · E. allenii (Shalebarren Buckwheat) · E. alpinum (Trinity Buckwheat) · E. ammophilum (Ibex Buckwheat) · E. ampullaceum (Mono Buckwheat) · E. androsaceum (Rockjasmine Buckwheat) · E. anemophilum (West Humboldt Buckwheat) · E. angulosum (Angle-Stemmed Wild-Buckwheat) · E. annuum (Annual Buckwheat) · E. apiculatum (San Jacinto Buckwheat) · E. apricum (Ione Buckwheat) · E. apricum var. apricum (Ione Buckwheat) · E. apricum var. prostratum (Irish Hill Buckwheat) · E. arborescens (Santa Cruz Island Buckwheat) · E. arcuatum var. arcuatum (Baker's Wild Buckwheat) · E. aretioides (Red Canyon Buckwheat) · E. argillosum (Clay Buckwheat) · E. argophyllum (Ruby Valley Buckwheat) · E. arizonicum (Arizona Buckwheat) · E. artificis (Kaye's Wild Buckwheat) · E. atrorubens (Buckwheat) · E. atrorubens atrorubens (Buckwheat) · E. baileyi (Bailey Buckwheat) · E. baileyi var. baileyi (Bailey's Buckwheat) · E. baileyi var. praebens (Bailey's Buckwheat) · E. batemanii (Bateman Buckwheat) · E. beatleyae (Beatley Buckwheat) · E. bicolor (Pretty Buckwheat) · E. bifurcatum (Forked Buckwheat) · E. blissianum (Bliss' Buckwheat) · E. brachyanthum (Shortflower Buckwheat) · E. brachypodum (Parry's Buckwheat) · E. brandegeei (Brandegee Wild Buckwheat) · E. breedlovei (Pilute Buckwheat) · E. breedlovei var. breedlovei (Piute Buckwheat) · E. breedlovei var. shevockii (Needle's Buckwheat) · E. brevicaule (Short-Stemmed Wild-Buckwheat) · E. brevicaule var. bannockense (Bannock Wild Buckwheat) · E. brevicaule var. brevicaule (Shortstem Buckwheat) · E. brevicaule var. cottamii (Cottam's Buckwheat) · E. brevicaule var. laxifolium (Goldenball Eriogonum) · E. brevicaule var. micranthum (Shortstem Buckwheat) · E. butterworthianum (Butterworth's Buckwheat) · E. caespitosum (Matted Buckwheat) · E. caespitosum var. sublineare (Matted Wild Buckwheat) · E. capillare (San Carlos Buckwheat) · E. capistratum (Hidden Buckwheat) · E. capistratum var. capistratum (Hidden Buckwheat) · E. capistratum var. muhlickii (Muhlick's Buckwheat) · E. capistratum var. welshii (Welsh's Buckwheat) · E. cernuum (Nodding Buckwheat) · E. cernuum var. cernum (Nodding Wild Buckwheat) · E. cernuum var. cernuum (Nodding Buckwheat) · E. cernuum var. purpurascens (Nodding Wild Buckwheat) · E. cernuum var. viminale (Nodding Buckwheat) · E. cespitosum (Matted Buckwheat) · E. chrysops (Bitterroot Buckwheat) · E. cinereum (Coastal Buckwheat) · E. cithariforme (Cithara Buckwheat) · E. cithariforme var. agninum (Cithara Buckwheat) · E. cithariforme var. cithariforme (Cithara Buckwheat) · E. clavatum (Hoover's Desert Trumpet) · E. clavellatum (Clay-Loving Wild-Buckwheat) · E. codium (Basalt Desert Buckwheat) · E. collinum (Hill Buckwheat) · E. coloradense (Colorado Buckwheat) · E. compositum (Arrowleaf Buckwheat) · E. compositum var. compositum (Arrowleaf Buckwheat) · E. compositum var. lancifolium (Arrowleaf Buckwheat) · E. compositum var. leianthum (Arrowleaf Buckwheat) · E. compositum var. pilicaulis (Arrowleaf Wild Buckwheat) · E. concinnum (Darin Buckwheat) · E. congdonii (Congdon Buckwheat) · E. contiguum (Ash Meadows Buckwheat) · E. contortum (Grand Buckwheat) · E. correllii (Correll's Buckwheat) · E. corymbosum (Corymbed Buckwheat) · E. corymbosum var. aureum (Crispleaf Buckwheat) · E. corymbosum var. corymbosum (Crispleaf Buckwheat) · E. corymbosum var. glutinosum (Crispleaf Buckwheat) · E. corymbosum var. heilii (Crisp-Leaf Wild Buckwheat) · E. corymbosum var. nilesii (Crisp-Leaf Wild Buckwheat) · E. corymbosum var. orbiculatum (Crispleaf Buckwheat) · E. corymbosum var. revealianum (Crispleaf Buckwheat) · E. corymbosum var. thompsonae (Crisp-Leaf Wild Buckwheat) · E. corymbosum var. velutinum (Crispleaf Buckwheat) · E. covilleanum (Coville's Buckwheat) · E. crocatum (Conejo Buckwheat) · E. cronquistii (Bull Mountain Buckwheat) · E. crosbyae (Crosby's Buckwheat) · E. cusickii (Cusick's Buckwheat) · E. darrovii (Carrot Buckwheat)

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Further Reading

• A preliminary list of the Hemiptera of Colorado / by C. P. Gillette and Carl [i.e. Charles] F. Baker. Fort Collins, Colo.: American Standard, 1895. url p. 130.
• A second edition of Webber's "Appendix to the catalogue of the flora of Nebraska" / with a supplementary list of recently reported species by Charles E. Bessey. Lincoln, Neb.: [University of Nebraska?, 1892] url p. 4.
• An analytical key to some of the common flowering plants of the Rocky Mountain region / New York: D. Appleton, 1902. url .
• An illustrated flora of the northern United States, Canada and the British possessions: from Newfoundland to the parallel of the southern boundary of Virginia and from the Atlantic Ocean westward to the 102nd meridian / by Nathaniel Lord Britton and Hon. Addison Brown. New York: Scribner, 1913. url p. 648.
• Annual report of the Bureau of American Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution. Washington: U. S. Govt. Print. Off., 1897- url p. 101, p. 49.
• Annual report of the Maine Agricultural Experiment Station. [Orono, Me.: Maine State College, 1885-1953. url p. 287.
• Annual report. United States Geological and Geographical Survey of the Territories. 1st-12th, 1867-1878. Washington, Govt. Print. Off., 1867-83. url p. 486.
• "Appendix to the catalogue of the flora of Nebraska." With a supplementary list of recently reported species, Lincoln, Neb., 1892. url .
• Biologia centrali-americana; or, Contributions to the knowledge of the fauna and flora of Mexico and Central America. London, Pub. for the editors by R. H. Porter and Dulau & co., 1879-88. url .
• Botanic contributions relating to the flora of western North America [by] Gray, Engelmann, Torrey [and] Fre?mont. v.p., 1843-53 url , p. 177.
• Bulletin / Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology. Washington: G.P.O., 1901-1971. url p. 135, p. 233, p. 435.
• Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club. 46 1919 New York: Torrey Botanical Club, 1870-1996 url p. 44, p. 493.
• Bulletin of the United States Geological and Geographical Survey of the Territories / Department of the Interior. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1874- url p. 246.
• Carnegie Institution of Washington publication. Washington, Carnegie Institution of Washington, 1902- url p. 139.
• Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 1 1890-1895 Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1890- url p. 125, p. 157, p. 174, p. 180, p. 185, p. 214.
• Entomological news, and proceedings of the Entomological Section of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. Philadelphia[Entomological Rooms of the Academy of Natural Sciences] url p. 47.
• Entomological news. [Philadelphia]American Entomological Society, 1925- url p. 318, p. 320.
• First report on the flora of Wyoming / Aven Nelson. Laramie: Wyoming Experiment Station, 1896. url p. 172.
• Flora of Colorado, Fort Collins, Col., Experiment Station, 1906. url .
• Flora of Colorado, by P. A. Rydberg, PH. D. Fort Collins, Col., Experiment Station, 1906. url p. 104.
• Flora of Colorado, by P.A. Rydberg. Fort Collins, Col., Experiment Station, 1906. url p. 104, p. 104.
• Flora of Nebraska; a list of the conifers and flowering plants of the state with keys for their determination. Plainview, Neb.[c1912] url , .
• Flora of Nebraska; a list of the ferns, conifers and flowering plants of the state with keys for their determination. Plainview, Neb., 1923 url p. 85.
• Flora of New Mexico / by E.O. Wooton and Paul C. Standley. Washington: G.P.O., 1915. url p. 182, p. 185.
• Flora of New Mexico. By E.O. Wooton and Paul C. Standley. WashingtonGovt. Print. Off.1915 url p. 182, p. 185.
• Great Basin naturalist memoirs. 1978 [Provo, Utah]Brigham Young University, 1976-1992. url p. 178, p. 474, p. 863.
• Hooker's journal of botany and Kew Garden miscellany. 5 1853 London: Reeve, Benham, and Reeve, 1849-1857. url p. 263.
• Leaflets of western botany. San Fransisco:[J. T. Howell], 1932-1966. url .
• List of Pteridophyta and Spermatophyta growing without cultivation in northeastern North America. Prepared by a Committee of the Botanical Club, American Association for the Advancement of Science. New York, 1894. url p. 137.
• Manual of North American Diptera / Samuel W. Williston. New Haven: J.T. Hathaway, 1908. url p. 187.
• Manual of the botany (Phaenogamia and Pteridophyta) of the Rocky mountain region, from New Mexico to the British boundary. By John M. Coulter. and Chicago: Ivison, Blakeman, Taylor, and company, 1885. url p. 313.
• Manual of the botany (Phænogamia and Pteridophyta) of the Rocky mountain region, from New Mexico to the British boundary. and Chicago, Ivison, Blakeman, Taylor, and Company, 1885. url .
• Manual of the flora of the northern states and Canada / by Nathaniel Lord Britton. New York: Holt, 1905. url p. 352.
• Memoirs of the Torrey Botanical Club. 5 1893 - 18 Durham, N.C.: Published for the Club by the Seeman Printery, 1889- url p. 137.
• National list of scientific plant names. [Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service, 1982- url p. 163.
• New manual of botany of the central Rocky mountains (vascular plants) Cincinnati [etc.]American Book Company[c1909] url , .
• Notes on western range forbs: Equisetaceae through Fumariaceae / by William A. Dayton. Washington, D.C.: Forest Service, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, 1960. url p. 66.
• Physiographical sketch of that portion of the Rocky Mountain Range: at the head waters of South Clear Creek and east of Middle Park: with an enumeration of the plants collected in this district in the summer months of 1861 /by C.C. Parry. 1862 New Haven: s.n., 1862? url p. 32.
• Phytogeography of Nebraska. 1. General survey by Roscoe Pound and Frederic E. Clements. Lincoln, Neb.Published by the Seminar1900 url p. 425, p. 84.
• Plant indicators: the relation of plant communities to process and practice. WashingtonCarnegie Institution of Washington1920 url p. 139.
• Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. Philadelphia, Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia url p. 75.
• Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Boston: Metcalf and Co., 1846-1958 url p. 347.
• Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences. San Francisco, The Academy. url p. 319.
• Reports of explorations and surveys, to ascertain the most practicable and economical route for a railroad from the Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean. Made under the direction of the secretary of war, in 1853-[6]. .. 2 1855 Washington, A.O.P. Nicholson, Printer [etc.]1855-60. url p. 129, p. 131, p. 173.
• Rocky Mountain wild flower studies; an account of the ways of some plants that live in the Rocky Mountain region, by Burton O. Longyear. .. with illustrations from nature by the author. Denver, Merchants Publishing Co., c1909 url p. 313.
• Text-book of western botany: consisting of Coulter's Manual of the botany of the Rocky mountains, to which is prefixed Gray's lessons in botany. For the use of schools and colleges between the Mississippi river and the Rocky moun Chicago: Ivison, Blakeman, Taylor, and Company, 1885. url p. 313.
• The Gardeners' chronicle: a weekly illustrated journal of horticulture and allied subjects. London: [Gardeners Chronicle], 1874-1955. url p. 525, p. 808.
• The Great Basin naturalist. 41 1981 Provo, Utah: M.L. Bean Life Science Museum, Brigham Young University, 1939-1999. url p. 114, p. 168, p. 170, p. 282, fig. 35, page 289, p. 290, map 3, page 295, p. 30, p. 314, p. 319, p. 325, p. 326, p. 328, p. 330, p. 331, p. 86, p. 91.
• The Plant world. Baltimore [etc.]Plant World Association [etc.] url p. 119, p. 282.
• The University of Colorado studies. Boulder, University of Colorado. url p. 113, p. 123, p. 163.
• The University of Missouri studies. [Columbia]: The University, 1905-1918. url p. 166, p. 18, p. 282, p. 430.
• The flora of Boulder, Colorado, and vicinity, by Francis Potter Daniels. .. [Columbia, Mo.]The University of Missouri, 1911. url p. 18.
• The flora of southwestern Colorado / by T.S. Brandegee. Washington: Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological and Geographical Survey of the Territories, 1876. url p. 246.
• The relation of leaf structure to physical factors. [1905] url p. 100, p. 43.
• Torrey, J. Report on the United States and Mexican boundary survey: made under the direction of the secretary of the Interior /by William H. Emory, major First Cavalry, and United States commissioner. 2(1) 1859 Washington: C. Wendell, printer, 1857-59. url p. 175.
• Transactions of the Academy of Science of St. Louis. 6 1892 [St. Louis: Academy of Science of St. Louis], 1860-1958. url p. 4.
• Transactions of the. .. annual meetings of the Kansas Academy of Science. Topeka, Kan.: Kansas Pub. House, 1883-1901. url p. 162.
• University of Kansas publications, Museum of Natural History. 18 1969 Lawrence, University of Kansas. url p. 430, p. 480.
• University studies of the University of Nebraska. Lincoln. url p. 335.
• Li Anjen, Kao Tsoching, Mao Zumei & Liu Yulan. 1998. Polygonaceae. In: Li Anjen, ed., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 25(1): 1209.
• Reveal, J. L. 1973b. Eriogonum (Polygonaceae) of Utah. Phytologia 25: 169-217.
• Reveal, J. L. 1976. Eriogonum (Polygonaceae) of Arizona and New Mexico. Phytologia 34: 409-484.
• Reveal, J. L. 1985. An annotated key to Eriogonum (Polygonaceae) of Nevada. Great Basin Naturalist 45: 493-519.
• Stokes, S. G. 1936. The Genus Eriogonum, a Preliminary Study Based on Geographical Distribution. San Francisco.

Notes

Contributors

• Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 11, 2012.
• "Eriogonum alatum". in Flora of North America Vol. 5. Published by Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed November 19, 2007. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 9 providers.
• Ruggiero M., Gordon D., Bailly N., Kirk P., Nicolson D. (2011). The Catalogue of Life Taxonomic Classification, Edition 2, Part A. In: Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist (Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D., eds). DVD; Species 2000: Reading, UK.
• USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. URL (April 27, 2008)

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 19, 2007:

• Missouri Botanical Garden, Missouri Botanical Garden
• School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Arizona State University Vascular Plant Herbarium
• School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, The Deaver Herbarium, Northern Arizona University
• USDA PLANTS, USDA PLANTS Database
• Utah Valley State College
• , Utah Valley State College Herbarium

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2647159
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-21057
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13739361
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:693995-1
• GRIN Nomen Number: 448149
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 21057
• International Plant Names Index (IPNI) ID: 693995-1
• Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: PDPGN08030
• U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: ERAL4
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 36249

Footnotes

1. Anjen Li, Bojian Bao, Alisa E. Grabovskaya-Borodina, Suk-pyo Hong, John McNeill, Sergei L. Mosyakin, Hideaki Ohba & Chong-wook Park "Polygonaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 5 Page 277. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
2. James L. Reveal "Eriogonum". in Flora of North America Vol. 5. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]

©2004-2012 David Stang. All rights reserved.