Common Names
Click on the language to view common names.
Common Names in English:
Mountain Balm, Yerba-Santa
Common Names in Spanish:
Hierba Santa
Description
Family Boraginaceae
Herbs perennial
, biennial, or annual
, less often lianas, shrubs
, or trees
, usually bristly
or scabrous-pubescent. Leaves simple
, exstipulate
, alternate, rarely opposite, entire
or serrate at margin
. Inflorescences often double
scorpioid cymes, rarely solitary; bracts present or absent. Flowers bisexual
, actinomorphic
, rarely zygomorphic. Calyx usually 5-parted or lobed
, mostly persistent
. Corolla tubular
, campanulate
, rotate, funnelform
, or salverform
; tube
appendages
5, rarely more, mostly trapeziform, rarely absent, sometimes a ring
of hairs
present; limb usually 5-parted; lobes
overlapping, rarely twisted in bud. Stamens 5, inserted
on corolla tube or rarely at throat
, included
or rarely exserted; anthers
introrse
, 2-loculed, usually dorsifixed
at base
, less often medifixed
, dehiscence longitudinal
. Nectaries at base of corolla tube or on disc below ovary. Ovary superior, 2-carpellate; locules 2 and each with 2 ovules, or 4 and each with 1 ovule; ovules nearly atropous
, semianatropous, or anatropous
. Style
terminal
or gynobasic
, branched or not. Gynobase
flat, fastigiate
, or subulate
. Fruit 1-4-seeded drupes or nutlets
(mericarps) ; nutlets mostly dry, often ornamented with wings, prickles and/or glochids (stiff bristles
with barbed
or anchorlike tips
) . Seeds vertical
or oblique
, coat
membranous; embryo straight, less often curved
; cotyledons flat, fleshy
.
About 156 genera and 2500 species: temperate
and tropical regions
, centered in the Mediterranean region; 47 genera and 294 species in China, of which four genera and 156 species are endemic.Gelin Zhu, Harald Riedl & Rudolf V. Kamelin "Boraginaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 16 Page 329. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
Taxonomy
- Domain:
Eukaryota
(
)
- Whittaker & Margulis,1978
- Kingdom:
Plantae
()
- Haeckel, 1866
- Plants
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
()
- Cavalier-Smith, 1981
- Phylum:
Tracheophyta
()
- Sinnott, 1935 Ex Cavalier-Smith, 1998
- Vascular Plants
- Subphylum:
Euphyllophytina
()
- Infraphylum:
Radiatopses
()
- Kenrick & Crane, 1997
- Class:
Magnoliopsida
()
- Brongniart, 1843
- Dicotyledons
- Subclass:
Lamiidae
()
- Takhtajan Ex Reveal, 1992
- Superorder:
Solananae
()
- R. Dahlgren Ex Reveal, 1992
- Order:
Boraginales
()
- Dumortier, 1829
- Family:
Boraginaceae
()
- Adans., 1763, Nom. Cons.
- Borage Family
- Subfamily:
Hydrophylloideae
()
- Genus:
Eriodictyon
()
- Specific epithet:
californicum
- Brand.
- Variety:
lanatum
- Botanical name: - Eriodictyon californicum (Hook. & Arn.) Torr.
- Variety:
lanatum
- Specific epithet:
californicum
- Brand.
- Genus:
Eriodictyon
(
- Subfamily:
Hydrophylloideae
(
- Family:
Boraginaceae
(
- Order:
Boraginales
(
- Superorder:
Solananae
(
- Subclass:
Lamiidae
(
- Class:
Magnoliopsida
(
- Infraphylum:
Radiatopses
(
- Subphylum:
Euphyllophytina
(
- Phylum:
Tracheophyta
(
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
(
- Kingdom:
Plantae
(
Notes
Publishing author
: Brand. Publication
: Pflanzenr. (Engler) 4, fam. 251: 142 1913Place of publication: W. H. Emory, Rep. U.S. Mex. bound. 2(1):148. 1858 ("1859")
Name
verified on 23-Aug-1995 by ARS Systematic Botanists. Last updated: 07-Nov-2003
Similar Species
Members of the genus Eriodictyon
There are approximately 44 species in this genus:
E. altissimum (Indian Knob Mountain Balm) · E. angustifolium (Narrow-Leafed Yerba Santa) · E. angustifolium var. pubens · E. californicum (California Yerba Santa) · E. californicum australe · E. californicum f. latifolia · E. californicum f. linearis · E. californicum glutinosum · E. californicum subsp. australe · E. californicum subsp. glutinosum · E. californicum subvar. coarctatum · E. californicum var. lanatum · E. californicum var. pubens · E. californicus · E. californicus var. pubens · E. capitatum (Lompoc Yerba Santa) · E. crassifolium (Thick-Leaf Yerba Santa) · E. crassifolium Benth. var. crassifolium Benth. (Thickleaf Yerba Santa) · E. crassifolium Benth. var. nigrescens Brand (Thickleaf Yerba Santa) · E. crassifolium benthamianum · E. crassifolium grayanum · E. crassifolium subsp. benthamianum · E. crassifolium subsp. grayanum · E. crassifolium var. crassifolium · E. crassifolium var. nigrescens · E. crassifolium var. niveum · E. crassifolium var. traskiae · E. crassifolium var. typica · E. glutinosum · E. glutinosum var. angustifolium · E. glutinosum var. serratum · E. lobbii · E. niveum · E. parryi · E. sessifolium · E. sessilifolium · E. tomentosum (Woolly Yerba Santa) · E. tormentosum · E. traskiae (Pacific Yerba Santa) · E. traskiae smithii · E. trichocalyx (Hairy Yerba Santa) · E. trichocalyx lanatum var. lanatum · E. trichocalyx var. lanatum · E. trichocalyx var. trichocalyx
Bibliography
- Duke, J. A. et al. 2002. CRC Handbook of medicinal herbs. (CRC MedHerbs ed2)
- Hannan, G. L. 1988. Amer. J. Bot. 75:579–588.
- Hickman, J. C., ed. 1993. The Jepson manual: Higher plants of California. (F CalifJep)
- Leung, A. Y. & S. Foster. 1996. Encyclopedia of common natural ingredients used in food, drugs, and cosmetics, ed. 2. (Ency CNatIn)
- McGuffin, M. et al., eds. 2000. Herbs of commerce, ed. 2. (Herbs Commerce ed2)
- Peck, M. 1941. A manual of the higher plants of Oregon. (F Oregon)
- Wang Wen-tsai, Liu Yu-lan, Zhu Ge-ling, Lian Yong-shan, Wang Jing-quan & Wang Qing-rui in Kung Xian-wu & Wang Wen-tsai, eds. 1989. Boraginaceae. Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 64(2): 1-253.
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Notes
Contributors
- The International Plant Names Index. Accessed Jan 19, 2007.
- USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. URL (May 05, 2008)
Identifiers
- Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:1151224-2
- GRIN Nomen Number: 402585
- International Plant Names Index (IPNI) ID: 1151224-
- Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 1076711
