Eriocaulon decangulare

• Overview
• Interesting Facts
• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Overview

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Description

Family Eriocaulaceae

Herbs perennial or annual . Leaves in a rosette, grasslike, linear , occasionally thinly filiform , often thin and transparent, fenestrate, base sheathing . Inflorescences capitate, globose to ovoid ; scapes thin, twisted, angled , base surrounded by a bladeless, tubular sheath . Flowers 2- or 3-merous, bracteate , with both sexes usually in same head . Male flowers: sepals 2 or 3, connate or free ; petals 2 or 3, often inconspicuous; stamens 6. Female flowers: sepals 2 or 3, free or connate; petals absent to 4, free; ovary (1--) 3-loculed; ovules 1 per locule, basal; style 1, 1--3-branched. Fruit a capsule, thin, loculicidal. Seeds small; testa usually reticulate and prickly; endosperm with abundant starch grains.

Ten genera and ca. 1150 species: mainly in tropical and subtropical regions; one genus and 35 species (13 endemic) in China.[1]

Genus Eriocaulon

Herbs, annual or perennial , often cespitose, rosulate. Roots : larger roots unbranched, pale , septate , thickened, spongy . Stems rarely sparingly branched, short or elongate . Leaves many ranked in flat or high spiral ; blade basally pale, distally greener, linear-attenuate or triangular-acuminate, lingulate , narrowing gradually or abruptly from base , base noticeably lacunate , less distinctly so distally. Inflorescences: scape sheaths tubular , orifice oblique (often 2--3-cleft) ; scapes 1--several per rosette, glabrous ; heads pale to dark, white, gray, or gray-brown, hemispheric to globose or short-cylindric; receptacle hairy or glabrous; involucral bracts obscured or not obscured by inflorescence, pale to dark, chaffy or scarious ; receptacular bracts narrower, thinner than involucral bracts, often scarious. Flowers mostly with staminate and pistillate on same plants , 2--3-merous; sepals 2(--3), adnate to stipelike base, boat-shaped , scarious, apex often covered with multicellular hairs , hairs mealy white or translucent , frequently club-shaped; petals 2(--3), narrower, shorter than sepals, apex hairy, hairs club-shaped, glands adaxial , subapical , dark, rarely pale. Staminate flowers : androphore apically dilated stalk ; petals separated from sepals by androphore, diverging as lobes from apex; stamens 3--4 or 6, 2--3 alternating with petals; apex of staminal column with 2--3 glands, glands unappendaged; filaments arising from androphore rim; anthers 2-locular, 4-sporangiate, dorsifixed , usually versatile, well exserted at anthesis , jet black (except in E. cinereum) . Pistillate flowers: gynophore separating petals from sepals, stipelike; pistil 2(--3) -carpellate; style 1, unappendaged, style branches 2(--3) .

Species ca. 400: mostly pantropic, mostly aquatic or on wet, mainly acidic substrates.[2]

Physical Description

Habitat

Moist to wet sands or peats of shores , pine savanna , ditches, edges of cypress domes or savanna; 0--300 m [3].

Typically found in the intertidal zone at the water's edge at a mean distance from sea level of 22 meters (72 feet).[4]

Biome: Coastal.

Biology

Reproduction

Duration: Perennial • Coppice Potential: No • Progagated by Bulbs: No • Propagated by Bare Root: No • Propagated by Container: No • Propagated by Corms: No • Propagated by Cuttings: No • Propagated by Seed: Yes • Propagated by Sod: No • Propagated by Sprigs: Yes • Propagated by Tubers: No • Fruit/Seed Period Begin: Summer • Fruit/Seed Period End: Summer • Fruit/Seed Persistence: Yes

Growth

Soil: Adapted to Medium Textured: Adapted to Medium Textured Soils • Adapted to Coarse Textured Soils: Yes • Anaerobic Tolerance: Medium • Salinity Tolerance: None • CaCO3 Tolerance: Low • Minimum pH: 4.0 • Maximum pH: 7.6 • Fertility Requirement: Medium

Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Full Sun . • Shade Tolerance: Intolerant

Moisture: Drought Tolerance: Medium • Minimum Precipitation: 40 • Maximum Precipitation: 60 • Moisture Use: Medium

Temperature: Minimum Temperature (F): -8 • Minimum Frost Free Days: 160

Taxonomy

Synonyms

E. statices Crantz • Eriocaulon serotinum Walter • Randalia decangularis Palisot De Beauvois • Symphachne xyrioides (Linnaeus) Palisot De Beauvois

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name .

Last scrutiny: 21-Jun-2005

Similar Species

Members of the genus Eriocaulon

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 21 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus:

E. aquaticum (Seven-Angle Pipewort) · E. benthamii (Bentham's Pipewort) · E. cinereum (Ashy Pipewort) · E. compressum (Flattened Pipewort) · E. compressum var. compressum (Flattened Pipewort) · E. decangulare (Ten-Angle Pipewort) · E. decangulare L. var. latifolium Chapm. ex Moldenke (Tenangle Pipewort) · E. decangulare var. decangulare (Tenangle Pipewort) · E. decangulare var. latifolium (Tenangle Pipewort) · E. heterolepis (Buttonhead Pipewort) · E. koernickianum (Gulf Pipewort) · E. koernickianum van (Gulf Pipewort) · E. lineare (Narrow Pipewort) · E. longifolium (Pipewort) · E. microcephalum (Small-Head Pipewort) · E. nigrobracteatum (Black-Bract Pipewort) · E. parkeri (Estuary Pipewort) · E. ravenelii (Ravenel's Pipewort) · E. stellulatum (Starry Pipewort) · E. texense (Texas Pipewort) · E. truncatum (Short Pipe-Wort)

More Info

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Further Reading

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• A class-book of botany, designed for colleges, academies, and other seminaries. Illustrated by a flora of northern, middle, and western states; particularly of the United States north of the Capitol, lat. 38 3/4. Claremont, N. H., Manufacturing Co., S. Ide, agent, 1850. url p. 564.
• A compendium of the flora of the northern and middle states, containing generic and specific descriptions of all the plants, exclusive of the cryptogamia, hitherto found in the United States, north of the Potomac. New York, S. B. Collins, 1826. url p. 350.
• A guide and key to the aquatic plants of the Southeastern United States, by Don E. Eyles and Lynne Robertson, Jr. With original drawings by Garnet W. Jex. Washington, U. S. Govt. Print. Off., 1963. url p. 106.
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Notes

Contributors

• Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 31, 2012.
• "Eriocaulon decangulare". in Flora of North America Vol. 22. Published by Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed November 24, 2007. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 6 providers.
• Ruggiero M., Gordon D., Bailly N., Kirk P., Nicolson D. (2011). The Catalogue of Life Taxonomic Classification, Edition 2, Part A. In: Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist (Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D., eds). DVD; Species 2000: Reading, UK.
• World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Release date: November 27, 2009

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 24, 2007:

• Missouri Botanical Garden, Missouri Botanical Garden
• University of Alabama Biodiversity and Systematics, Herbarium

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2659871
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: Kew-243631
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13756936
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:335225-1
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 39195
• International Plant Names Index (IPNI) ID: 335225-1
• MoBot NameID: 12400351
• Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: PMERI01033 PMERI01030
• U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: ERDEM4 ERD
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 37484

Footnotes

1. Wei-liang Ma, Zhixiang Zhang & Thomas Stützel "Eriocaulaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 24 Page 7. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
2. "Eriocaulon". in Flora of North America Vol. 22. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
3. "Eriocaulon decangulare". in Flora of North America Vol. 22. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
4. Standard Deviation = 63.380 based on 87 observations. Terrestrial altitude and ocean depth information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]

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