Overview
A very large tree from the new world tropics. The timber is useful for a variety of purposes and the pods are used as food for cattle and humans.
Common Names
Click on the language to view common names.
Common Names in English:
Bois Tanniste Rouge, Conacaste, Devil´s-Ear, Ear Pod Tree, Earpod, Earpod Tree, Earpodtree, Elephant Ear, Elephant´s-Ear, Elephant's Ear, Elephants Ear, Framboy n Extranjero, Guanacaste, Monkey Ear, Monkey Soap, Monkeysoap, Oreille Cafre, Oreja
Common Names in French:
Bois Tanniste Rouge, Oreille D´éléphant
Common Names in German:
Affenseife
Common Names in Spanish:
árbol De Las Orejas, Carita, Corotú, Guanacaste, Parota
Description
Family Fabaceae
The Fabaceae are herbs, vines , shrubs , trees , and lianas found in both temperate and tropical areas. They comprise one of the largest families of flowering plants , numbering 630 genera and 18,000 species. The leaves are stipulate , nearly always alternate, and range from bipinnately or palmately compound to simple . The petiole base is commonly enlarged into a pulvinus that commonly functions in orientation of the leaves (sometimes very responsively, as in the sensitive plant, Mimosa pudica). The flowers are usually bisexual , actinomorphic to zygomorphic, slightly to strongly perigynous, and commonly in racemes , spikes, or heads . The perianth commonly consists of a calyx and corolla of 5 segments each. The androecium consists of commonly 1- many stamens (most commonly 10), distinct or variously united , sometimes some of them reduced to staminodes. The pistil is simple, often stipitate , comprising a single style and stigma, and a superior ovary with one locule containing 2-many marginal ovules. The fruit is usually a legume, sometimes a samara, loment, follicle, indehiscent pod, achene, drupe, or berry. The seeds often have a hard coat with hourglass-shaped cells , and sometimes bear a u-shaped line called a pleurogram. [Carr]
Subfamily Mimosoideae
Mostly trees or shrubs . Leaves mostly bipinnate. Corolla usually not showy, actinomorphic , sympetalous , the lobes valvate . Stamens 10-numerous, often monadelphous , showy. Pollen released in monads , tetrads , or polyads . Seeds with u-shaped line (pleurogram) present. [Carr]
Physical Description
Species Enterolobium cyclocarpum
Large tree to 25m; bark fairly smooth . Petiole with a flat gland near the middle . 4-15 pairs pinnae; 20-30 pairs leaflets , 8-15mm long, paler below. Flowers in balls on 14-40mm peduncles ; Many stamens, joined at base . Pod more or less flat, but spongy within, twisted into a circle
Habit: Deciduous.
Flowers: Bloom Period: March, April, May. • Flower Color: near white, white
Size/Age/Growth
Size: over 40' tall.
Biology
Growth
Culture: Space over 40' apart.
Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Full Sun .
Temperature: Cold Hardiness: 10b, 11. (map)
Taxonomy
- Domain:
Eukaryota
(
)
- Whittaker & Margulis,1978
- Kingdom:
Plantae
(
)
- Haeckel, 1866
- Plants
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
(
)
- Cavalier-Smith, 1981
- Phylum:
Magnoliophyta
(
)
- Sinnott, 1935 Ex Cavalier-Smith, 1998
- Flowering Plants
- Subphylum:
Euphyllophytina
(
)
- Infraphylum:
Radiatopses
(
)
- Kenrick & Crane, 1997
- Class:
Magnoliopsida
(
)
- Brongniart, 1843
- Dicotyledons
- Subclass:
Rosidae
(
)
- Takhtajan, 1967
- Superorder:
Fabanae
(
)
- R. Dahlgren Ex Reveal, 1993
- Order:
Fabales
(
)
- Bromhead, 1838
- Family:
Fabaceae
(
)
- Lindley, 1836
- Bean Family
- Subfamily:
Mimosoideae
(
)
- Tribe:
Ingeae
(
)
- Genus:
Enterolobium
(
)
- Linnaeus, 1753
- Specific epithet:
cyclocarpum
- (Jacq.)Griseb.
- Botanical name: - Enterolobium cyclocarpum (Jacq.)Griseb.
- Specific epithet:
cyclocarpum
- (Jacq.)Griseb.
- Genus:
Enterolobium
(
- Tribe:
Ingeae
(
- Subfamily:
Mimosoideae
(
- Family:
Fabaceae
(
- Order:
Fabales
(
- Superorder:
Fabanae
(
- Subclass:
Rosidae
(
- Class:
Magnoliopsida
(
- Infraphylum:
Radiatopses
(
- Subphylum:
Euphyllophytina
(
- Phylum:
Magnoliophyta
(
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
(
- Kingdom:
Plantae
(
Unambiguous Synonyms
- Albizia longipes Britton & Killip
- Enterolobium cyclocarpa (Jacq.)Griseb.
- Enterolobium cyclocarpum (Jacq.) Griseb.
- Enterolobium cyclocarpum Jacq.
- Feuilleea cyclocarpa (Jacq.) Kuntze
- Feuilleea cyclocarpa (Jacq.)Kuntze
- Inga cyclocarpa (Jacq.) Willd.
- Inga cyclocarpa (Jacq.)Willd.
- Mimosa cyclocarpa Jacq.
- Mimosa parota Sesse & Moc.
- Pithecellobium cyclocarpum (Jacq.)Mart.
- Prosopis dubia Kunth
Notes
Name
Status: Accepted Name
. Latest taxonomic
scrutiny: Nielsen I.C., Rico M
.L., 1994
Place of publication
: Fl.
Brit
. W. I. 226. 1860
Name verified on 06-Nov-1985 by ARS Systematic Botanists. Last updated: 23-Aug-1994
Similar Species
Members of the genus Enterolobium
There are approximately 26 species in this genus:
E. barinense · E. barnebianum · E. bernebianum · E. blancheti · E. contortisiliqua · E. contortisiliqum · E. contortisiliquum (Earpod Tree) · E. cyclocarpum (Bois Tanniste Rouge) · E. ellipticum · E. glaucescens · E. glaziovii · E. guaraniticum · E. gummiferum · E. jamboril · E. maximum · E. mongollo · E. monjollo · E. oldemanii (Prefontaine) · E. oldemannii · E. schomburgkii · E. schomburgkii var. glaziovii · E. schomburgkii var. schomburgkii · E. tamboril · E. timbouva · E. timbouva f. minor · E. timbouva var. canescens
Bibliography
- Adams, C. 1972. Flowering plants of Jamaica. (F Jam)
- Barneby, R. C. & J. W. Grimes. 1996. Silk tree, guanacaste, monkey's earring: a generic system for the synandrous Mimosaceae of the Americas. Part I. Abarema, Albizia, and allies. Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 74(1):247, 248. [mentions].
- Chinese Academy of Sciences. 1959–. Flora reipublicae popularis sinicae. (F China)
- Howard, R. 1974–1989. Flora of the lesser Antilles. (F LAnt) [cult.].
- Huxley, A., ed. 1992. The new Royal Horticultural Society dictionary of gardening. (Dict Gard)
- Isely, D. 1973. Leguminosae of the United States: I. Subfamily Mimosoideae. Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 25(1):142.
- Jafri,S.M.N. 1978 Caesalpiniaceae.In:Flora of Libya pt.61 (Jafri and El Gadi,Ed)
- Lewis, G. P. & P. E. Owen. 1989. Legumes of the Ilha de Maraca. (Leg Maraca)
- Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium. 1976. Hortus third. (Hortus 3)
- Liogier, H. A. & L. F. Martorell. 1982. Flora of Puerto Rico and adjacent islands: a systematic synopsis. (F PR)
- McGuffin, M. et al., eds. 2000. Herbs of commerce, ed. 2. (Herbs Commerce ed2)
- McVaugh, R. 1983–. Flora Novo-Galiciana. (F NGalicia)
- National Academy of Sciences. 1979. Tropical legumes: resources for the future. (Trop Leg)
- National Academy of Sciences. 1980. Firewood crops. Shrub and tree species for energy production. (Firewood Cr)
- Shreve, F. & I. L. Wiggins. 1964. Vegetation and flora of the Sonoran desert. (F SonorDes)
- Spellman, D. L. et al. A list of the monocotyledoneae/dicotyledonae of Belize. Published in Rhodora v. 77 & 83, 1975 & 1981 (L Belize)
- Standley, P. C. & J. A. Steyermark. 1946–1976. Flora of Guatemala. (F Guat)
- Wiggins, I. L. 1980. Flora of Baja California. (F Baja)
- Woodson, R. E. & R. W. Schery, eds. 1943–1980. Flora of Panama. (F Panama)
More Info
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Notes
Contributors
- Bisby FA, Roskov YR, Orrell TM, Nicolson D, Paglinawan LE, Bailly N, Kirk PM, Bourgoin T, van Hertum J, eds (2008). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2008 Annual Checklist Taxonomic Classification. CD-ROM; Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed January 28, 2008. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 23 providers.
- ILDIS
- MBLWHOI Library: Universal Biological Index and Organizer. uBio.org accessed July 17, 2008.
- USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. URL (April 29, 2008)
Data Sources
Accessed through GBIF Data Portal January 28, 2008:
- Australian National Herbarium
- , Australian National Herbarium
- Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum, Bishop Museum Natural History Specimen Data
- Botanical Research Institute of Texas, Andes to Amazon Biodiversity Program
- Comisión nacional para el conocimiento y uso de la biodiversidad, Banco Nacional de Germoplasma Vegetal, México
- Comisión nacional para el conocimiento y uso de la biodiversidad, Herbario del Instituto de EcologÃa, A.C., México
- Comisión nacional para el conocimiento y uso de la biodiversidad, Herbario del Instituto de EcologÃa, A.C., México
- GBIF-Spain, JardÃn Botánico de Córdoba: Herbarium COA
- Herbarium of the University of Aarhus, The AAU Herbarium Database
- Herbier de la Guyane, Herbier de la Guyane
- Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad
- , Biodiversidad de Costa Rica
- International Plant Genetic Resources Institute(IPGRI), The System-wide Information Network for Genetic Resources
- Missouri Botanical Garden, Missouri Botanical Garden
Identifiers
- Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2666868
- Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ILD-141
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13636337
- Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:493917-1
- GRIN Nomen Number: 15195
- Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 502307
- International Plant Names Index (IPNI) ID: 1037928-
- U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: MICY
- Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 50243
