Encephalartos nubimontanus

• Overview
• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• Bibliography
• More Info
• Notes

Overview

Extinct in the Wild

Common Names

Description

Family Zamiaceae

Plants superficially palmlike or fernlike, perennial , evergreen , dioecious. Stems subterranean with exposed apex or aboveground, fleshy , stout, cylindric , simple or irregularly branched. Roots with small secondary roots; coral-like roots developing at base of stem at or below soil surface. Leaves pinnately compound , spirally clustered at stem apex, leathery, petiole and rachis unarmed [with stout spines]; leaflets entire or dentate [spinose ], venation dichotomous [netted ]; resin canals absent. Cones axillary , appearing terminal , short-peduncled [sessile], disintegrating at maturity; sporophylls densely crowded, spirally arranged , often covered with indument . Pollen cones soon shed, generally smaller and more numerous than seed cones; sporophylls bearing many crowded, small microsporangia (pollen sacs ) adaxially; pollen spheric, not winged . Seed cones persistent for a year or more, 1(--2) per plant, nearly globose to ovoid , tapering sharply or blunt at apex; sporophylls peltate, thickened and laterally expanded distally, bearing 2(--3) ovules. Seeds angular, inner coat hardened, outer coat fleshy, often brightly colored ; cotyledons 2.

Genera 9, species ca. 100 (1 genus, 1 species in the flora ) : primarily tropical to warm temperate regions , North Americ, Central America, South America, Africa, Australia.Garrie P. Landry "Zamiaceae". in Flora of North America Vol. 2. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.

Physical Description

Habitat

Ecology: Plants grew scattered in mixed deciduous woodland, especially on cliff faces . (Ref. 89992)


List of Habitats :2.2Savanna - Moist

Biology

Growth

Culture: Space 6-8' apart.

Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Sun to Partial Shade.

Temperature: Cold Hardiness: 9b, 10a, 10b, 11. (map)

Taxonomy

Unambiguous Synonyms

1. Encephalartos nubimontanus P. J. H. Hurter
2. Encephalartos venetus Vorster

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name . Latest taxonomic scrutiny: Wilson K .L.

Similar Species

Members of the genus Encephalartos

There are approximately 98 species in this genus:

E. 'Choala' (Encephalartos) · E. aemulans · E. allensteinii · E. altensteinii (Bushmans River Cycad) · E. aplanatus · E. arenarius (Alexandria Cycad) · E. barteri (Cycad) · E. barteri allochrous · E. barteri barteri · E. barteri subsp. allochrous · E. brevifoliolatus (Cycad) · E. bubalinus (Cycad) · E. caffer (Eastern Cape Dwarf Cycad) · E. caffra · E. cerinus (Waxen Palm) · E. chimanimaniensis (Chimanimani Cycad) · E. concinnus (Encephalartos) · E. cupidus (Cycad) · E. cycadifolius (Winterberg Cycad) · E. delucanus · E. dolomiticus (Wolkberg Cycad) · E. dyerianus (Encephalartos) · E. elongatus · E. equatorialis · E. eugene-maraisii (Waterberg Cycad) · E. eugene-maraisii middelburgensis · E. eugene-maraisii subsp. middelburgensis · E. ferox (Red-Coned Cycad) · E. frederici-guilielmi (Cycad) · E. friderici-guilielmi (White-Haired Cycad) · E. friderici-guilielmii · E. ghellinckii (Drakensberg Cycad) · E. graniticola · E. gratus (Encephalartos) · E. heenanii (Heenans Cycad) · E. hildebrandtii (Cycad) · E. hirsutus · E. horridus (Eastern Cape Blue Cycad) · E. horridus X longifolius (Cycad) · E. humilis (Dwarf Cycad) · E. inopinus (Lydenburg Cycad) · E. ituriensis (Encephalartos) · E. katzeri · E. kisambo (Cycad) · E. laevifolius (Encephalartos) · E. lanatus (Woolly Cycad) · E. latifolius · E. latifrons (Albany Cycad) · E. laurentianus (Kwango Giant Cycad) · E. lebomboensis (Lebombo Cycad) · E. lehmanni · E. lehmanniana · E. lehmannii (Karoo Cycad) · E. lemarinelianus · E. longifolius (Broodboom) · E. macdonelli · E. mackenziei · E. macrostrobilus · E. manikensis (Gorongowe Cycad) · E. marunguensis (Marungu Cycad) · E. middelburgensis (Middleburg Cycad) · E. middleburgensis · E. msinganus · E. munchii (Cycad) · E. natalensis (Cycad) · E. ngoyanus (Cycad) · E. nubimontanus (Cycad) · E. paucidentatus (Barberton Cycad) · E. poggei (Kananga Cycad) · E. princeps (Kei Cycad) · E. pruniferus · E. pterogonus (Toothed Cone Cycad) · E. relictus · E. repandus · E. schaijesii · E. schmitzii (Schmitz's Cycad) · E. sclavoi (Sclavo's Cycad) · E. senticosus (Cycad) · E. senticosus x trispinosus · E. septentrionalis (Nile Cycad) · E. sp. nov. 'kanga' · E. spiralis var. spiralis · E. striatus · E. tegulaneus (Encephalartos) · E. tegulaneus powysii · E. tegulaneus subsp. powysii · E. tegulaneus tegulaneus · E. transvenosus (Modjadi Cycad) · E. transvenosus x latifrons · E. tridentatus · E. trispinosus (Bushman's River Cycad) · E. turneri (Cycad) · E. umbeluziensis (Umbeluzi Cycad) · E. verschaffelti · E. villosus (Bread Palm) · E. vromii · E. whitelockii (Whitelocks Cycad) · E. woodii (Woods Cycad)

Bibliography

• Donaldson, J.S. (ed.) 2003. Cycads. Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan. IUCN/SSC Cycad Specialist Group. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK.
• Hurter, J. and Claassen, I. 1996. Encephalartos nubimontanus Hurter. Encephalartos 45: 4-11.
• Hurter, P.J.H. 1995. Two newly described cycads from Africa. Phytologia 78(6): 409-416.
• IUCN. 2003. 2003 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded on 18 November 2003.
• Vorster, P. 1996. Encephalartos venetus (Zamiaceae): a new species from the Northern Province. South African Journal of Botany 62: 71-75.
• Candolle, A. L. P. de. 1868. Cycadaceae. In: A. P. de Candolle and A. L. P. de Candolle, eds. 1823--1873. Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis.... Paris etc. Vol. 16, part 2, pp. 522--547.
• Johnson, L. A. S. 1959. The families of cycads and the Zamiaceae of Australia. Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales 84: 64--117.
  
• Schuster, J. 1932. Cycadaceae. In: H. G. A. Engler, ed. 1900--1953. Das Pflanzenreich.... Berlin. Vol. 99[IV,1], pp. l--168.

More Info

• Search for Pictures: images.google.com
• Search for Scholarly Articles: Google Scholar
• Search using Scientific Name and Vernacular Names: All the Web | AltaVista Canada | AltaVista | Excite | Google | HotBot | Lycos
• Search using Specialized Databases: GenBank | Medline | Scirus | CISTI/CAL | Agricola Periodicals | Agricola Books

Notes

Contributors

• MBLWHOI Library: Universal Biological Index and Organizer. uBio.org accessed July 21, 2008.
• Rogers, S. & Pillay, D. 2006. In IUCN 2008. 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCNRedList.org. Downloaded July 19, 2008.

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 3330114
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: IOP-200000-753
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 185390
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:986593-1
• International Plant Names Index (IPNI) ID: 986593-1
• IUCN ID: 41896
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 432658

Footnotes

©2004-2008 the BayScience Foundation, Inc. All rights reserved.