Interesting Facts
Description
Family Zamiaceae
Plants
superficially palmlike or fernlike, perennial
, evergreen
, dioecious. Stems subterranean
with exposed apex or aboveground, fleshy
, stout, cylindric
, simple
or irregularly branched. Roots
with small secondary roots; coral-like roots developing at base
of stem at or below soil surface. Leaves pinnately compound
, spirally clustered at stem apex, leathery, petiole
and rachis unarmed
[with stout spines]; leaflets
entire or dentate
[spinose
], venation
dichotomous [netted
]; resin canals absent. Cones axillary
, appearing terminal
, short-peduncled [sessile], disintegrating at maturity; sporophylls densely crowded, spirally arranged
, often covered with indument
. Pollen cones soon shed, generally smaller and more numerous
than seed cones; sporophylls bearing many crowded, small microsporangia (pollen sacs
) adaxially; pollen spheric, not winged
. Seed cones persistent
for a year or more, 1(--2) per plant, nearly globose
to ovoid
, tapering sharply or blunt
at apex; sporophylls peltate, thickened and laterally expanded distally, bearing 2(--3) ovules. Seeds angular, inner coat
hardened, outer coat fleshy, often brightly colored
; cotyledons 2.
Genera 9, species ca.
100 (1 genus, 1 species in the flora
) : primarily tropical
to warm temperate regions
, North Americ, Central America, South America, Africa, Australia.[1]
Taxonomy
- Domain:
Eukaryota
(
)
- Whittaker & Margulis,1978
- eukaryotes
- Kingdom:
Plantae
()
- Haeckel, 1866
- Plants
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
()
- Cavalier-Smith, 1981
- Phylum:
Tracheophyta
()
- Sinnott, 1935 ex Cavalier-Smith, 1998
- Vascular Plants
- Subphylum:
Euphyllophytina
()
- Infraphylum:
Radiatopses
()
- Kenrick & Crane, 1997
- Class:
Cycadopsida
()
- Brongn.
- Order:
Cycadales
()
- Dumortier, 1829
- Family:
Zamiaceae
()
- Horaninow, 1834
- Sago-palm Family
- Tribe:
Encephalarteae
()
- Genus:
Encephalartos
()
- J.G.C. Lehmann, 1834
- Specific epithet:
sp. nov. 'kanga'
- Botanical name: - Encephalartos sp. nov. 'kanga'
- Specific epithet:
sp. nov. 'kanga'
- Genus:
Encephalartos
(
- Tribe:
Encephalarteae
(
- Family:
Zamiaceae
(
- Order:
Cycadales
(
- Class:
Cycadopsida
(
- Infraphylum:
Radiatopses
(
- Subphylum:
Euphyllophytina
(
- Phylum:
Tracheophyta
(
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
(
- Kingdom:
Plantae
(
Similar Species
Members of the genus Encephalartos
ZipcodeZoo has pages for 64 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus:
E. aemulans (Ngotshe Cycad) · E. altensteinii (Bushmans River Cycad) · E. arenarius (Alexandria Cycad) · E. barteri (Cycad) · E. barteri barteri (West African Cycad) · E. brevifoliolatus (Escarpment Cycad) · E. bubalinus (Lake Natron Cycad) · E. caffer (Eastern Cape Dwarf Cycad) · E. cerinus (Waxen Cycad) · E. chimanimaniensis (Chimanimani Cycad) · E. concinnus (Encephalartos) · E. cupidus (Blyde River Cycad) · E. cycadifolius (Winterberg Cycad) · E. dolomiticus (Wolkberg Cycad) · E. dyerianus (Encephalartos) · E. eugene-maraisii (Waterberg Cycad) · E. ferox (Red-Coned Cycad) · E. frederici-guilielmi (Cycad) · E. friderici-guilielmi (White-Haired Cycad) · E. ghellinckii (Drakensberg Cycad) · E. gratus (Mulanje Cycad) · E. heenanii (Heenan's Cycad) · E. hildebrandtii (Mombasa Cycad) · E. hirsutus (Venda Cycad) · E. horridus (Eastern Cape Blue Cycad) · E. horridus x longifolius (Cycad) · E. humilis (Dwarf Cycad) · E. inopinus (Lydenburg Cycad) · E. ituriensis (Ituri Forest Cycad) · E. kisambo (Voi Cycad) · E. laevifolius (Kaapsehoop Cycad) · E. lanatus (Olifants River Cycad) · E. latifrons (Albany Cycad) · E. laurentianus (Kwango Giant Cycad) · E. lebomboensis (Lebombo Cycad) · E. lehmanni (Karoo Cycad (South Africa)) · E. lehmannii (Karoo Cycad) · E. longifolius (Suurberg Cycad) · E. manikensis (Gorongo Cycad) · E. marunguensis (Marungu Cycad) · E. middelburgensis (Middelburg Cycad) · E. msinganus (Msinga Cycad) · E. munchii (Munch's Cycad) · E. natalensis (Natal Cycad) · E. ngoyanus (Ngoye Cycad) · E. nubimontanus (Blue Cycad) · E. paucidentatus (Barberton Cycad) · E. poggei (Kananga Cycad) · E. princeps (Kei Cycad) · E. pterogonus (Toothed-Cone Cycad) · E. schmitzii (Schmitz's Cycad) · E. sclavoi (Sclavo's Cycad) · E. senticosus (Jozini Cycad) · E. septentrionalis (Nile Cycad) · E. tegulaneus (Encephalartos) · E. tegulaneus tegulaneus (Kenyan Giant Cycad) · E. transvenosus (Modjadji Cycad) · E. trispinosus (Bushman's River Cycad) · E. turneri (Turner's Cycad) · E. umbeluziensis (Umbeluzi Cycad) · E. villosus (Poor Man's Cycad) · E. whitelockii (Whitelocks Cycad) · E. woodii (Wood's Cycad) · E. 'Choala' (Encephalartos)
More Info
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- Search using Specialized Databases: GenBank | Medline | Scirus | CISTI/CAL | Agricola Periodicals | Agricola Books
Further Reading
- Donaldson, J.S. (ed.) 2003. Cycads. Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan. IUCN/SSC Cycad Specialist Group. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK.
- Candolle, A. L. P. de. 1868. Cycadaceae. In: A. P. de Candolle and A. L. P. de Candolle, eds. 1823--1873. Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis.... Paris etc. Vol. 16, part 2, pp. 522--547.
- Johnson, L. A. S. 1959. The families of cycads and the Zamiaceae of Australia. Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales 84: 64--117.
- Schuster, J. 1932. Cycadaceae. In: H. G. A. Engler, ed. 1900--1953. Das Pflanzenreich.... Berlin. Vol. 99[IV,1], pp. l--168.
Notes
Contributors
- Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 31, 2012.
Identifiers
- IUCN ID: 41948
- Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 3963702
Footnotes
- Garrie P. Landry "Zamiaceae". in Flora of North America Vol. 2. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
