Interesting Facts
Common Names
Click on the language to view common names.
Common Names in English:
River Wild-Rye, Eastern Riverbank Wild Rye, Riverbank Wildrye
Common Names in French:
élyme Des Rivages
Common Names in unspecified:
Riverbank Wildrye
Description
Genus Elymus
Plants
perennial
, usually tufted
, usually without, rarely with, rhizomes. Culms
usually erect
. Leaf sheath
of cauline leaves split almost to base
; auricles
present or absent; leaf blade flat or rolled. Spike erect to nodding
. Spikelets
1 or 2(4) per node, sessile, rarely very shortly pedicellate
, appressed
to rachis, clearly laterally compressed
, usually all similar, with 210 or more florets
; rachis tough. Glumes
opposite or side-by-side, linear-lanceolate to lanceolate-ovate, firmly membranous to leathery, 19(11) -veined, not keeled
, apex obtuse
to shortly awned
; veins ± raised. Lemma lanceolate-oblong, rounded
abaxially, 5-veined, ± pubescent
, apex obtuse or acute to awned, rarely toothed
; veins connivent at apex; awn
erect or reflexed
. Palea shorter than or equaling lemma, apex retuse
, subrounded, or acute. Caryopsis usually adherent
to lemma and palea. x = 7.
About 170 species:temperate regions of both hemispheres, mainly in Asia; 88 species (62 endemic) in China.
The genus Roegneria should be referred to Elymus because of their many common characters, e.g.
, plants usually tufted; spikelets usually all similar, 1 per node; lemma lanceolate-oblong, rounded abaxially, 5-veined, veins connivent at apex.[1]
Physical Description
Habit: Graminoid • Growth Form: Bunch • Shape and Orientation: Erect
Flowers: Bloom Period: Mid Summer • Flower Color: Yellow • Flower Conspicuous: No
Seeds: Seed per Pound: 125000 • Seed Spread Rate: Moderate • Seedling Vigor: High • Fruit/Seed Abundance: Medium • Fruit/Seed Color: Brown • Fruit/Seed Conspicuous: No • Cold Stratification Required: No
Foliage: Foliage Color: Dark Green • Foliage Porosity Summer: Moderate • Foliage Porosity Winter: Porous • Foliage Texture: Coarse • Fall Conspicuous: No • Leaf Retention: No
Size/Age/Growth
Active Growth Period: Spring and Summer • Growth Rate: Moderate • After Harvest Regrowth Rate: Slow • Mature Height (feet): 4.5 • Vegetative Spread Rate: None • Lifespan: Lifespan
Biology
Reproduction
Duration: Perennial • Coppice Potential: No • Progagated by Bulbs: No • Propagated by Bare Root: No • Propagated by Container: No • Propagated by Corms: No • Propagated by Cuttings: No • Propagated by Seed: Yes • Propagated by Sod: No • Propagated by Sprigs: No • Propagated by Tubers: No • Fruit/Seed Period Begin: Summer • Fruit/Seed Period End: Fall • Fruit/Seed Persistence: No
Growth
Soil: Adapted to Medium Textured: Adapted to Medium Textured Soils • Adapted to Coarse Textured Soils: Yes • Anaerobic Tolerance: Medium • Salinity Tolerance: None • CaCO3 Tolerance: Medium • Minimum pH: 4.5 • Maximum pH: 7.2 • Fertility Requirement: Medium
Sunlight: Shade Tolerance: Tolerant
Moisture: Drought Tolerance: Low • Minimum Precipitation: 24 • Maximum Precipitation: 55 • Moisture Use: High
Temperature: Minimum Temperature (F): -33 • Minimum Frost Free Days: 100
Taxonomy
- Domain:
Eukaryota
(
)
- Whittaker & Margulis,1978
- eukaryotes
- Kingdom:
Plantae
()
- Haeckel, 1866
- Plants
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
()
- Cavalier-Smith, 1981
- Phylum:
Tracheophyta
()
- Sinnott, 1935 ex Cavalier-Smith, 1998
- Vascular Plants
- Subphylum:
Euphyllophytina
()
- (Auct.) Cavalier-Smith, 1998
- Infraphylum:
Angiospermae
()
- Auct.
- Class:
Spermatopsida
()
- Brongniart, 1843
- Subclass:
Commelinidae
()
- Takhtajan, 1967
- Superorder:
Juncanae
()
- Takhtajan, 1967
- Superorder:
Juncanae
(
- Subclass:
Commelinidae
(
- Class:
Spermatopsida
(
- Infraphylum:
Angiospermae
(
- Subphylum:
Euphyllophytina
(
- Phylum:
Tracheophyta
(
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
(
- Kingdom:
Plantae
(
Synonyms
Elymus canadensis riparius (Wieg.) Boivin • Elymus canadensis var. riparius (Wieg.) Boivin • Elymus canadensis var. wiegandii (Fern.) Bowden • Elymus canadensis wiegandii< /i> (Fern.) A. Löve
Notes
Name
Status: Accepted Name
.
Last scrutiny: 15-Mar-2000
Similar Species
Members of the genus Elymus
ZipcodeZoo has pages for 85 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus:
E. alaskanus alaskanus (Alaskan Wheatgrass) · E. alaskanus latiglumis (Alaskan Wheatgrass) · E. alaskanus subsp. latiglumis (Alaskan Wheatgrass) · E. albicans (Montana Wheatgrass) · E. arizonicus (Arizona Wheatgrass) · E. bakeri (Baker's Wheatgrass) · E. calderi (Yukon Wheatgrass) · E. californicus (California Bottlebrush Grass) · E. canadensis (Canada Wild Rye) · E. canadensis var. canadensis (Canada Wildrye) · E. caninus (Bearded Wheatgrass) · E. ciliaris (Wildrye) · E. dahuricus (Dahurian Wild Rye) · E. diversiglumis (Diverseglume Wildrye) · E. dorei (Dore's Wildrye) · E. elymoides brevifolius (Bottle-Brush Squirrel-Tail) · E. elymoides hordeoides (Bottlebrush Squirreltail) · E. elymoides subsp. brevifolius (Squirreltail) · E. elymoides subsp. californicus (Squirreltail) · E. elymoides subsp. hordeoides (Desert Squirreltail) · E. europaeus (Wood-Barley) · E. glaucus (Blue Wild Rye) · E. glaucus virescens (Blue Wild Rye) · E. glaucus subsp. jepsonii (Jepson's Blue Wildrye) · E. glaucus subsp. virescens (Blue Wildrye) · E. gmelinii (Wildrye) · E. hanseni (Hansen Squirreltail) · E. hansenii (Hansen Squirreltail) · E. hirsutus (Alaska Wild-Rye) · E. hoffmannii (Rs Wheatgrass) · E. hyperarcticus (Tundra Wildrye) · E. hystrix (Bottle-Brush Grass) · E. hystrix var. bigeloviana (Bottlebrush Grass) · E. hystrix var. hystrix (Eastern Bottle-Brush Grass) · E. interruptus (Texas Wildrye) · E. kronokensis (Arctic Wheatgrass) · E. kronokensis subsp. subalpinus (Northern Wheatgrass) · E. lanceolatus (Streambank Wheatgrass) · E. lanceolatus lanceolatus (Streambank Wheatgrass) · E. lanceolatus psammophilus (Streambank Wheatgrass) · E. lanceolatus subsp. psammophilus (Streambank Wheatgrass) · E. latiglumis (Alaskan Wheatgrass) · E. macrourus (Thickspike Wheatgrass) · E. magellanicus (Blue Lyme Grass) · E. maltei (Malt Wildrye) · E. mossii (Moss' Wildrye) · E. multisetus (Big Squirrel-Tail) · E. palmerensis (Palmer's Wildrye) · E. pendulina (Wildrye) · E. pinaloensis (Pinalo Wildrye) · E. pseudorepens (Creeping Wildrye) · E. repens (Couchgrass) · E. repens repens (Couch-Grass) · E. riparius (River Wild-Rye) · E. saundersii (Saunder Wildrye) · E. scaber (Common Wheat-Grass) · E. scribneri (Schribner Wheatgrass) · E. semicostatum (Drooping Wild Rye) · E. sibiricus (Siberian Wild-Rye) · E. sierrae (Sierra Wildrye) · E. stebbinsii (Parish Wheatgrass) · E. stebbinsii stebbinsii (Parish Wheatgrass) · E. submuticus (Virginia Wildrye) · E. subsecundus (Bearded Wheatgrass) · E. svensonii (Svenson's Wild-Rye) · E. tangutorum (Wildrye) · E. trachycaulus (Slender Wheatgrass) · E. trachycaulus subsecundus (Slender Wheatgrass) · E. trachycaulus trachycaulus (Slender Wheatgrass) · E. trachycaulus subsp. subsecundus (Slender Wheatgrass) · E. villosus (Hairy Wild Rye) · E. virginicus (Virginia Wild Rye) · E. virginicus var. halophilus (Terrell Grass) · E. virginicus var. virginicus (Virginia Wild Rye) · E. vulpinus (Rydberg's Wildrye) · E. wawawaiensis (Snake River Wheatgrass) · E. wiegandii (Wiegand's Wild Rye) · E. x dorei (Dore's Wildrye) · E. x hansenii (Hansen Squirreltail) · E. x maltei (Malt Wildrye) · E. x mossii (Moss' Wildrye) · E. x palmerensis (Palmer's Wildrye) · E. x pinaloensis (Pinalo Wildrye) · E. x pseudorepens (Quackgrass) · E. x saundersii (Saunders' Wheatgrass)
More Info
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Further Reading
- Annotated list of the ferns and flowering plants of New York state, by Homer D. House. Albany, The University of the state of New York, 1924. url p. 129.
- Bartonia;proceedings of the Philadelphia botanical club. .. 62 2004 Philadelphia, Philadelphia Botanical Club, Academy of Natural Sciences. url p. 126, p. 19, p. 3, p. 34, p. 48, p. 57, p. 67, p. 69.
- Botanical abstracts. Baltimore, Williams & Wilkins Co. url p. 226.
- Contributions from the Botanical Laboratory. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1892- url .
- Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 48 2003 Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1890- url p. 285, p. 292, p. 297, p. 298.
- Erigenia: journal of the Illinois Native Plant Society. Carbondale, Ill.: The Society, 1982- url p. 8.
- Flora of Berkshire County, Massachusetts. Boston, Printed for the Society, 1922. url , , p. 213.
- Flora of Delaware and the Eastern Shore: an annotated list of the ferns and flowering plants of the peninsula of Delaware, Maryland and Virginia. [Wilmington]: Society of Natural History of Delaware, 1946. url p. 25.
- Flora of Indiana, by Charles C. Deam. Indianapolis, Wm. B. Burford printing co., contractor for state printing and binding, 1940. url p. 116.
- Flora of the Indiana dunes, a handbook of the flowering plants and ferns of the lake Michigan Coast of Indiana and of the Calumet District, by Donald Culross Peattie. Chicago, Field Museum of Natural History, 1930. url p. 74.
- How to know the grasses; pictured-keys for determining the common and important American grasses, with suggestions and aids for their study. Dubuque, Iowa, W. C. Brown Co.[1954] url p. 94.
- Illinois River Bluffs area assessment / Illinois Department of Natural Resources, Office of Scientific Research and Analysis, [and the] State Geological Survey Division. Springfield, Ill.: Illinois Dept. of Natural Resources, 1998- url p. 179.
- Journal of the Kentucky Academy of Science. Lexington, KY: The Academy, 1998- url p. 48.
- Manual of the grasses of the United States / by A.S. Hitchcock. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1935. url p. 258.
- Manual of the southeastern flora: being descriptions of the seed plants growing naturally in Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, eastern Louisiana, Tennessee, North Carolina, South Carolina and Georgia. 1933 New York: The author, 1933. url p. 137.
- Phytologia. Bronx Park, New York, H.A. Gleason and H.N. Moldenke, url p. 284, p. 96.
- Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. Washington, Biological Society of Washington url p. 139.
- Some grasses of the Northeast: a key to their identification by vegetative characters. Newark, Delaware: University of Delaware, Agricultural Experiment Station, 1962. url p. 62.
- Station bulletin. Durham, N.H.: Agricultural Experiment Station, University of New Hampshire, 1948- url p. 47, p. 51.
- Syllogeus. Ottawa, National Museum of Natural Sciences, 1972-1995. url p. 14, p. 14, p. 25, p. 27, p. 35, p. 37, p. 75, p. 79.
- Transactions of the Kentucky Academy of Science. [Lexington, Ky.]Kentucky Academy of Science, 1923-1997. url p. 198, p. 48, p. 89.
Notes
Contributors
- Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 10, 2012.
Data Sources
Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 21, 2007:
- Missouri Botanical Garden, Missouri Botanical Garden
- University of Alabama Biodiversity and Systematics, Herbarium
- Utah State University, USU-UTC Specimen Database
Identifiers
- Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2660938
- Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-40706
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13753560
- Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:400416-1
- GRIN Nomen Number: 454264
- Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 40706
- Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: PMPOA2H0E0
- U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: ELRI
- Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 37005
Footnotes
- "Elymus". in Flora of China Vol. 22 Page 1, 386, 387, 400. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
