Elymus virginicus

• Overview
• Interesting Facts
• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Overview

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Click on the language to view common names.

Description

Genus Elymus

Plants perennial , usually tufted , usually without, rarely with, rhizomes. Culms usually erect . Leaf sheath of cauline leaves split almost to base ; auricles present or absent; leaf blade flat or rolled. Spike erect to nodding . Spikelets 1 or 2(4) per node, sessile, rarely very shortly pedicellate , appressed to rachis, clearly laterally compressed , usually all similar, with 210 or more florets ; rachis tough. Glumes opposite or side-by-side, linear-lanceolate to lanceolate-ovate, firmly membranous to leathery, 19(11) -veined, not keeled , apex obtuse to shortly awned ; veins ± raised. Lemma lanceolate-oblong, rounded abaxially, 5-veined, ± pubescent , apex obtuse or acute to awned, rarely toothed ; veins connivent at apex; awn erect or reflexed . Palea shorter than or equaling lemma, apex retuse , subrounded, or acute. Caryopsis usually adherent to lemma and palea. x = 7.

About 170 species:temperate regions of both hemispheres, mainly in Asia; 88 species (62 endemic) in China.

The genus Roegneria should be referred to Elymus because of their many common characters, e.g. , plants usually tufted; spikelets usually all similar, 1 per node; lemma lanceolate-oblong, rounded abaxially, 5-veined, veins connivent at apex.[1]

Physical Description

Habitat

Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 852 meters (0 to 2,795 feet).[2]

Biology

Reproduction

Duration: Perennial

Growth

Culture: Space 12-15" apart.

Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Full sun .

Temperature: Cold Hardiness: 3a, 4a, 4b, 5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b. (map)

Taxonomy

Synonyms

Hordeum virginicum (L.) Schenck • Leptothrix virginica (L.) Dumort. • Terrellia virginica (L.) Lunell

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name .

Last scrutiny: 15-Mar-2000

Similar Species

Members of the genus Elymus

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 85 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus:

E. alaskanus alaskanus (Alaskan Wheatgrass) · E. alaskanus latiglumis (Alaskan Wheatgrass) · E. alaskanus subsp. latiglumis (Alaskan Wheatgrass) · E. albicans (Montana Wheatgrass) · E. arizonicus (Arizona Wheatgrass) · E. bakeri (Baker's Wheatgrass) · E. calderi (Yukon Wheatgrass) · E. californicus (California Bottlebrush Grass) · E. canadensis (Canada Wild Rye) · E. canadensis var. canadensis (Canada Wildrye) · E. caninus (Bearded Wheatgrass) · E. ciliaris (Wildrye) · E. dahuricus (Dahurian Wild Rye) · E. diversiglumis (Diverseglume Wildrye) · E. dorei (Dore's Wildrye) · E. elymoides brevifolius (Bottle-Brush Squirrel-Tail) · E. elymoides hordeoides (Bottlebrush Squirreltail) · E. elymoides subsp. brevifolius (Squirreltail) · E. elymoides subsp. californicus (Squirreltail) · E. elymoides subsp. hordeoides (Desert Squirreltail) · E. europaeus (Wood-Barley) · E. glaucus (Blue Wild Rye) · E. glaucus virescens (Blue Wild Rye) · E. glaucus subsp. jepsonii (Jepson's Blue Wildrye) · E. glaucus subsp. virescens (Blue Wildrye) · E. gmelinii (Wildrye) · E. hanseni (Hansen Squirreltail) · E. hansenii (Hansen Squirreltail) · E. hirsutus (Alaska Wild-Rye) · E. hoffmannii (Rs Wheatgrass) · E. hyperarcticus (Tundra Wildrye) · E. hystrix (Bottle-Brush Grass) · E. hystrix var. bigeloviana (Bottlebrush Grass) · E. hystrix var. hystrix (Eastern Bottle-Brush Grass) · E. interruptus (Texas Wildrye) · E. kronokensis (Arctic Wheatgrass) · E. kronokensis subsp. subalpinus (Northern Wheatgrass) · E. lanceolatus (Streambank Wheatgrass) · E. lanceolatus lanceolatus (Streambank Wheatgrass) · E. lanceolatus psammophilus (Streambank Wheatgrass) · E. lanceolatus subsp. psammophilus (Streambank Wheatgrass) · E. latiglumis (Alaskan Wheatgrass) · E. macrourus (Thickspike Wheatgrass) · E. magellanicus (Blue Lyme Grass) · E. maltei (Malt Wildrye) · E. mossii (Moss' Wildrye) · E. multisetus (Big Squirrel-Tail) · E. palmerensis (Palmer's Wildrye) · E. pendulina (Wildrye) · E. pinaloensis (Pinalo Wildrye) · E. pseudorepens (Creeping Wildrye) · E. repens (Couchgrass) · E. repens repens (Couch-Grass) · E. riparius (River Wild-Rye) · E. saundersii (Saunder Wildrye) · E. scaber (Common Wheat-Grass) · E. scribneri (Schribner Wheatgrass) · E. semicostatum (Drooping Wild Rye) · E. sibiricus (Siberian Wild-Rye) · E. sierrae (Sierra Wildrye) · E. stebbinsii (Parish Wheatgrass) · E. stebbinsii stebbinsii (Parish Wheatgrass) · E. submuticus (Virginia Wildrye) · E. subsecundus (Bearded Wheatgrass) · E. svensonii (Svenson's Wild-Rye) · E. tangutorum (Wildrye) · E. trachycaulus (Slender Wheatgrass) · E. trachycaulus subsecundus (Slender Wheatgrass) · E. trachycaulus trachycaulus (Slender Wheatgrass) · E. trachycaulus subsp. subsecundus (Slender Wheatgrass) · E. villosus (Hairy Wild Rye) · E. virginicus (Virginia Wild Rye) · E. virginicus var. halophilus (Terrell Grass) · E. virginicus var. virginicus (Virginia Wild Rye) · E. vulpinus (Rydberg's Wildrye) · E. wawawaiensis (Snake River Wheatgrass) · E. wiegandii (Wiegand's Wild Rye) · E. x dorei (Dore's Wildrye) · E. x hansenii (Hansen Squirreltail) · E. x maltei (Malt Wildrye) · E. x mossii (Moss' Wildrye) · E. x palmerensis (Palmer's Wildrye) · E. x pinaloensis (Pinalo Wildrye) · E. x pseudorepens (Quackgrass) · E. x saundersii (Saunders' Wheatgrass)

More Info

• Search for Pictures: images.google.com
• Search for Scholarly Articles: Google Scholar
• Search using Scientific Name and Vernacular Names: All the Web | AltaVista Canada | AltaVista | Excite | Google | HotBot | Lycos
• Search using Specialized Databases: GenBank | Medline | Scirus | CISTI/CAL | Agricola Periodicals | Agricola Books

Further Reading

• A biological survey of the sand dune region on the south shore of Saginaw Bay, Michigan. Prepared under the direction of Alexander G. Ruthven. Lansing, Mich.: Wynkoop, Hallenbeck, Crawford co., state printers, 1911. url p. 79.
• A botanical survey of the Sugar Grove region / by Robert F. Griggs. Columbus: Ohio State University, 1914. url p. 311.
• A compendium of the flora of the northern and middle states, containing generic and specific descriptions of all the plants, exclusive of the cryptogamia, hitherto found in the United States, north of the Potomac. New York, S. B. Collins, 1826. url p. 66.
• A contribution to the knowledge of the flora of southeastern Minnesota. [Boston, Heliotype Print. Co.]1900. url p. 375.
• A manual of poisonous plants, chiefly of eastern North America, with brief notes on economic and medicinal plants, and numerous illustrations, by L.H. Pammel Cedar Rapids, Ia., The Torch press, 1911. url p. 276, p. 277.
• A manual of poisonous plants: chiefly of eastern North America, with brief notes on economic and medicinal plants, and numerous illustrations / by L.H. Pammel. Cedar Rapids, Iowa: Torch Press, 1910-1911. url p. 276.
• A preliminary report on the biology of Harding County, northwestern South Dakota / by Stephen S. Visher. Pierre, S.D.: State Publishing Co., 1914. url p. 36.
• A provisional list of the parasitic fungi of Wisconsin. Madison, 1914 url p. 904, p. 937.
• A text-book of grasses with especial reference to the economic species of the United States, by A. S. Hitchcock. New York, Macmillan, 1914. url p. 123, p. 39.
• A text-book of grasses: with especial reference to the economic species of the United States / by A.S. Hitchock. New York: Macmillan, 1914. url p. 39.
• American grasses / Washington: Gov. Print. Off., 1897-1901. url p. 166, p. 196, p. 342.
• An annotated catalogue of types of the University of Illinois mycological collections (ILL) / Urbana: University of Illinois Press, c1997. url p. 340.
• An illustrated flora of the Pacific States: Washington, Oregon, and California. Stanford University, Stanford University Press, 1923-[60] url p. 248, p. 252.
• An illustrated flora of the northern United States, Canada and the British possessions: from Newfoundland to the parallel of the southern boundary of Virginia and from the Atlantic Ocean westward to the 102nd meridian / by Nathaniel Lord Britton and Hon. Addison Brown. New York: Scribner, 1913. url p. 288, p. 291.
• Annotated list of the ferns and flowering plants of New York state, by Homer D. House. Albany, The University of the state of New York, 1924. url p. 129.
• Annual report / Albany: University of the State of New York, 1902-1918. url p. 60.
• Annual report / New York State Museum. Albany, N.Y.: University of the State of New York, c1904-1920. url p. 66.
• Annual report Missouri Botanical Garden. 18 1907 St. Louis: Board of Trustees, 1890-1912. url p. 157, p. 185, p. 198, p. 248.
• Annual report of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution. Washington: Smithsonian Institution, -1965. url p. 605.
• Annual report of the Maine Agricultural Experiment Station. [Orono, Me.: Maine State College, 1885-1953. url p. 196.
• Annual report of the New Jersey State Museum. Trenton, N.J.: MacCrellish & Quigley, url p. 245, p. 91.
• Annual report of the Ohio State Academy of Science. Columbus: The Academy, 1893-1930. url p. 255, p. 255.
• Annual report of the Secretary of the State Board of Agriculture of the State of Michigan. .. Lansing: The Board, 1862- url p. 458.
• Annual report of the regents of the university on the condition of the State Cabinet of Natural History, with catalogues of the same. Albany, Regents of the University. url p. 63.
• Aquatic and wetland plants of southwestern United States, by Donovan S. Correll and Helen B. Correll. [Washington]Environmental Protection Agency; [For sale by the Supt. of Docs., U.S. Govt. Print. Off.]1972. url p. 210, p. 212.
• Bartonia;proceedings of the Philadelphia botanical club. .. 42 - 46 1973 - 19 Philadelphia, Philadelphia Botanical Club, Academy of Natural Sciences. url p. 15, p. 26, p. 29, p. 31, p. 50.
• Biologia centrali-americana; or, Contributions to the knowledge of the fauna and flora of Mexico and Central America. London, Pub. for the editors by R. H. Porter and Dulau & co., 1879-88. url .
• Botanical abstracts. Baltimore, Williams & Wilkins Co. url p. 104, p. 278.
• Botany of the northern and middle states, or, A description of the plants found in the United States, north of Virginia: arranged according to the natural system: with a synopsis of the genera according to the Linnaean system. .. / Albany: Printed by Webster and Skinners. .., 1833. url p. 415.
• Britton, N. L. (ed.). North American flora. [New York]New York Botanical Garden. url p. 1017, p. 19, p. 297, p. 331, p. 333, p. 336, p. 338, p. 58, p. 77, p. 836, p. 837.
• Budd's flora of the Canadian Prairie Provinces / [Ottawa]: Research Branch, Agriculture Canada, 1987. url p. 123, p. 126, p. 804.
• Bulletin - New York State Museum. Albany: New York State Education Dept. url p. 66.
• Bulletin / Illinois Natural History Survey. Urbana, State of Illinois, Dept. of Registration and Education, Natural History Survey Division, 1918-1985. url p. 280, p. 425, p. 555.
• Bulletin / Ohio Biological Survey. Columbus, Ohio: Ohio State University, 1913- url p. 150, p. 311.
• Bulletin / U.S. Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Entomology. Washington: G.P.O., 1904-1916. url p. 42, p. 43, p. 74, p. 80.
• Bulletin / United States Department of Agriculture, Division of Agrostology. Washington, D.C.: The Division, 1895-1901. url p. 10, p. 112, p. 118, p. 12, p. 16, p. 35, p. 35, p. 41, p. 44, p. 44, p. 45, p. 6, p. 6.
• Bulletin of entomological research. Farnham Royal: Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux. url p. 27.
• Bulletin of the Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History. Bloomington, Ill.: The Laboratory, 1876-1918. url , , p. 170.
• Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club. 35 1908 New York: Torrey Botanical Club, 1870-1996 url p. 201, p. 207.
• Bulletin of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. [Washington, D.C.?]: Supt. of Docs., G.P.O., 1913-1923. url p. 15, p. 23, p. 6, p. 6, p. 7, p. 93, p. 94.
• Bulletin. Bureau of Plant Industry. U. S. Department of Agriculture. 1901-13. WashingtonGovt. Print. Off. url p. 22, p. 26, p. 7.
• Bulletins. Minneapolis url p. 366.
• Carnegie Institution of Washington publication. Washington, Carnegie Institution of Washington, 1902- url p. 190.
• Catalog of Ohio vascular plants, arranged according to the phyletic classification; with notes on the geographical distribution in the state, based mainly on specimens in the State Herbarium, Botanical Laboratory, the Ohio State Univ Columbus, The Ohio State University, 1914. url .
• Catalog of Ohio vascular plants: arranged according to the phyletic classification: with notes on the geographical distribution in the state, based mainly on specimens in the State Herbarium, Botanical Laboratory, the Ohio State Uni by John H. Schaffner. Columbus: Ohio State University, 1914. url p. 150.
• Catalog of hymenoptera in America north of Mexico / prepared cooperatively by specialists on the various groups of Hymenoptera under the direction of Karl V. Krombein. .. [et al.]. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1979- url p. 837, p. 928.
• Catalogue of the flowering plants and ferns of Connecticut growing without cultivation / by Charles Burr Graves. .. [et al.]; Committee of the Connecticut Botanical Society. Hartford: Printed for the State Geological and Natural History Survey, 1910. url p. 80.
• Circular / United States Department of Agriculture, Division of Agrostology. Washington, D.C.: The Division, 1895-1901. url p. 12, p. 7.
• Contributions from the Botanical Laboratory and the Morris Arboretum of the University of Pennsylvania. Philadelphia: [s.n., url .
• Contributions from the Osborn Botanical Laboratory. [New Haven?]Osborn Botanical Laboratory, Yale University, url p. 424.
• Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 12 1908-1909 Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1890- url p. 124, p. 128, p. 154, p. 193, p. 197, p. 198, p. 279, p. 285, p. 287, p. 290, p. 291, p. 299, p. 300, p. 303, p. 304, p. 305, p. 388, p. 390, p. 400, p. 401, p. 421, p. 517, p. 533, p. 653, p. 91, p. 92.
• Contributions from the University of Michigan Herbarium. 24 2005 Ann Arbor: University Herbarium, University of Michigan, 1939- url p. 199, p. 308.
• Cultures of Uredineae 1899-1921. n.p., n.d. url p. 162, p. 241, p. 247, p. 262, p. 265, p. 276, p. 29, p. 306.
• Dedication papers: scientific papers presented at the dedication of the laboratory building and plant houses, April 19-21, 1917. Brooklyn, N.Y.: Brooklyn Botanic Garden, 1918. url p. 258.
• Descriptive catalogue of North American Hepaticae, north of Mexico. by Lucien M. Underwood, PH. D. Peoria, Ill., J. W. Franks & sons, 1884 url p. 170.
• Erigenia: journal of the Illinois Native Plant Society. Carbondale, Ill.: The Society, 1982- url p. 11, p. 20, p. 21, p. 27, p. 3, p. 34, p. 52, p. 63, p. 64.
• Experiment station record. Washington: G.P.O., 1889-1946. url p. 244, p. 246, p. 319, p. 441, p. 487, p. 858, p. 881.
• First book of grasses: the structure of grasses explained for beginners / Agnes Chase. New York: Macmillan, 1922. url p. x.
• First book of grasses; the structure of grasses explained for beginners, New York, The Macmillan Company, 1922. url , .
• Fishery circular / U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Fisheries. [Washington]: The Bureau, 1931-1939. url p. 45, p. 53, p. 55.
• Flora of Berkshire County, Massachusetts. Boston, Printed for the Society, 1922. url , p. 213.
• Flora of Bermuda. .. by Nathaniel Lord Britton. .. New York, C. Scribner's sons, 1918. url p. 40.
• Flora of Bermuda... by Nathaniel Lord Britton... New York, Scribner, 1918. url p. 40.
• Flora of Emmet County, Iowa: a list of the native and introduced plants. n.p., 1904-05 url p. 211.
• Flora of Illinois, containing keys for identification of flowering plants and ferns. Notre Dame, Ind., University of Notre Dame Press, 1963. url p. 336.
• Flora of Indiana, by Charles C. Deam. Indianapolis, Wm. B. Burford printing co., contractor for state printing and binding, 1940. url p. 116, p. 117, p. 118.
• Flora of Lancaster County; being descriptions of the seed- plants growing naturally in Lancaster County, Pennsylvanial. By John Kunkel Small and Joel Jackson Carter. New York, 1913. url p. 37.
• Flora of Nebraska; a list of the conifers and flowering plants of the state with keys for their determination. Plainview, Neb.[c1912] url .
• Flora of Nebraska; a list of the ferns, conifers and flowering plants of the state with keys for their determination. Plainview, Neb., 1923 url p. 45, p. 46.
• Flora of New Bedford and the shores of Buzzards Bay, with a procession of the flowers. New Bedford [Mass.]E. Anthony, 1911. url p. 103, p. 80.
• Flora of Vermont. List of ferns and seed plants growing without cultivation. Prepared by Vermont Botanical Club. Burlington, Vt., Free Press Print. Co., 1915. url p. 168.
• Flora of West Virginia, by Charles Frederick Millspaugh and Lawrence William Nuttall. 1 1896 Chicago, 1896. url p. 195.
• Flora of the Black Hills of South Dakota. By P.A. Rydberg. Washington, Govt. Print. Off., 1896. url p. 533.
• Flora of the District of Columbia and vicinity. By A.S. Hitchcock and Paul C. Standley, with the assistance of the botanists of Washington. WashingtonGovt. print. off.1919 url p. 92.
• Flora of the Indiana dunes, a handbook of the flowering plants and ferns of the lake Michigan Coast of Indiana and of the Calumet District, by Donald Culross Peattie. Chicago, Field Museum of Natural History, 1930. url p. 74.
• Flora of the Rocky Mountains and adjacent plains, Colorado, Utah, Wyoming, Idaho, Montana, Saskatchewan, Alberta, and neighboring parts of Nebraska, South Dakota, and British Columbia, by P. A. Rydberg... New York, The author, 1917. url p. 99.
• Flora of the vicinity of New York; a contribution to plant geography. [New York]1915 url p. 149.
• Florula bostoniensis. A collection of plants of Boston and its vicinity, with their generic and specific characters, principal synonyms, descriptions, places of growth, and time of flowering, and occasional remarks. By Jacob Bigelow. .. Boston, Cummings, Hilliard, & co., 1824. url p. 46.
• Fodder and pasture plants / by Geo. H. Clark and M. Oscar Malte; with colour illustrations by Norman Criddle. Ottawa: Dept. of Agriculture, Canada: available at the Office of the Superintendent of Stationery, Government Printing Bureau, 1913. url p. 141, p. 94.
• Fodder and pasture plants, Ottawa, Minister of Agriculture, 1913. url , , .
• Fodder and pasture plants, by Geo. H. Clark, B.S.A. and M. Oscar Malte, Ph.D. With water colour illustrations by Norman Criddle. Pub. in 1913. Reprinted by direction of the Honourable W.R. Motherwell, minister of agriculture, O Ottawa, F.A. Acland, Printer, 1923. url , p. 141.
• Fodder and pasture plants, by George H. Clark and M. Oscar Malte. Ottawa, Minister of Agriculture, 1913. url p. 141, p. 94.
• Fundamentals of botany / by C. Stuart Gager. Philadelphia: P. Blakiston's Son & Co., c1916. url p. 293, p. 627.
• Fundamentals of botany, Philadelphia, P. Blakiston's son & co., 1916. url , .
• Fundamentals of botany, by C. Stuart Gager. With 435 illustrations. Philadelphia, P. Blakiston, 1916. url p. 293, p. 627.
• Fundamentals of botany. Philadelphia, Blakiston[1916] url p. 293, p. 627.
• Fungous diseases of plants, with chapters on physiology, culture methods and technique. Boston, Ginn[c1909] url p. 244.
• Fungous diseases of plants: with chapters on physiology, culture methods and technique / Boston; Ginn, [c1909] url .
• Fungous diseases of plants; with chapters on physiology, culture methods and techniques. Boston, Ginn[1909] url p. 244.
• Grasses and forage plants, a practical treatise, comprising their natural history, comparative nutritive value; methods of cultivating, cutting, and curing; and the management of grass lands in the United States and British Pro Boston, Phillips, 1859. url p. 215.
• Grasses and forage plants. A practical treatise. Comprising their natural history comparative nutritive value; methods of cultivating, cutting, and curing; and the management of grass lands in the United States and British Prov Boston, W. F. Gill, 1874. url .
• Grasses and forage plants: a practical treatise comprising their natural history; comparative nutritive value; methods of cultivating, cutting, and curing; and the management of grass lands in the United States and British prov Boston, Lee and Shepard, 1888. url p. 215.
• Gray's new manual of botany, a handbook of the flowering plants and ferns of the central and northeastern United States and adjacent Canada, rearranged and extensively revised by Benjamin Lincoln Robinson. .. and Merritt Lyndon Fernald. .. New York, Cincinnati [etc.]American Book Co.[c1908] url p. 168, p. 168.
• Gray's new manual of botany: a handbook of the flowering plants and ferns of the central and northeastern United States and adjacent Canada / Asa Gray; rearranged and extensively revised by Benjamin Lincoln Robinson and Merritt Lyndon Fernald. New York: American Book Company, c1908. url p. 168.
• Great Basin naturalist memoirs. 1987 [Provo, Utah]Brigham Young University, 1976-1992. url p. 728, p. 82.
• Guide to the autumn flowers of Minnesota, field and garden. [By] F. E. Clements, C. O. Rosendahl and F. K. Butters. Minneapolis, University of Minnesota, 1913. url p. 58.
• Hand-list of herbaceous plants cultivated in the Royal Botanic Gardens. London, Printed for H. M. Stationery Off. by Darling, 1902. url p. 427.
• How to know the grasses; pictured-keys for determining the common and important American grasses, with suggestions and aids for their study. Dubuque, Iowa, W. C. Brown Co.[1954] url p. 94.
• Illinois River Bluffs area assessment / Illinois Department of Natural Resources, Office of Scientific Research and Analysis, [and the] State Geological Survey Division. Springfield, Ill.: Illinois Dept. of Natural Resources, 1998- url p. 172, p. 179.
• Investigations of rusts. By Mark Alfred Carleton. Washington, Govt. print. off., 1904. url p. 17, p. 19.
• Journal of agricultural research. Washington, U.S. Govt. Printing Office, 1913-1949.. url p. 163, p. 165, p. 213, p. 215, p. 221, p. 233, p. 235, p. 239, p. 456, p. 462, p. 464, p. 466, p. 467, p. 471, p. 473, p. 474.
• Journal of the Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society. Chapel Hill, N.C. [etc.]Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society [etc.] url , p. 65.
• Journal of the Kentucky Academy of Science. Lexington, KY: The Academy, 1998- url p. 180, p. 180, p. 33, p. 45, p. 49, p. 63, p. 65, p. 88, p. 88, p. 89, p. 89, p. 92, p. 92, p. 97, p. 97.
• Key to the Rocky Mountain flora. Colorado, Utah, Wyoming, Idaho, Montana, Saskatchewan, Alberta, and parts of Nebraska, South Dakota, North Dakota, and British Columbia. New York, [c1919] url .
• Key to the Rocky Mountain flora; Colorado, Utah, Wyoming, Idaho, Montana, Saskatchewan, Alberta, and parts of Nebraska, South Dakota, North Dakota, and British Columbia. New York, 1919. url p. 39.
• Leaf smut of timothy / George A. Osner. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University, 1916. url p. 189.
• List of intercepted plant pests / United States Department of Agriculture, Plant Quarantine and Control Administration. [Washington, D.C.: U.S. G.P.O.], 1932- url p. 76.
• Manual of the grasses of the United States / by A.S. Hitchcock. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1935. url p. 258, p. 259, p. 846.
• Manual of the southeastern flora: being descriptions of the seed plants growing naturally in Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, eastern Louisiana, Tennessee, North Carolina, South Carolina and Georgia. 1933 New York: The author, 1933. url p. 137.
• Memoirs / Brooklyn Botanic Garden. Brooklyn, N.Y.: The Garden, 1918-1936. url p. 258.
• Memoirs of the American Entomological Society. Philadelphia, American Entomological Society, 1916- url p. 65.
• Minnesota botanical studies. Minneapolis, Geological and Natural History Survey of Minnesota. url , , p. 106, p. 114, p. 357, p. 375, p. 375, p. 575, p. 575.
• Miscellaneous papers on the botany of Michigan, by C. K. Dodge. Prepared under the direction of Alexander G. Ruthven. Published as a part of the Annual report of the Board of Geological Survey for 1920. Lansing, Mich., Wynkoop Hallenbeck Crawford, State Printers, 1921. url p. 137, p. 175, p. 25, p. 86.
• Miscellaneous publication - University of Kansas, Museum of Natural History. 1965 Lawrence: University of Kansas, 1946-1996. url p. 49.
• National Arboretum contribution. Washington, D.C.: The Arboretum: 1953- url p. 7.
• Natural area inventory of Pender County, North Carolina / Raleigh: North Carolina Coastal Energy Impact Program, Office of Coastal Management, North Carolina Dept. of Natural Resources and Community Development, [1982?] url p. 157, p. 43, p. 60.
• Natural areas inventory of Carteret County, North Carolina: for the North Carolina Natural Heritage Program, Coastal Natural Area Inventory Project / [Raleigh]: N.C. Coastal Energy Impact Program, Office of Coastal Management, N.C. Dept. of Natural Resources and Community Development, [1983]. url p. 18.
• New York State Museum bulletin. Albany, N.Y.: University of the State of New York, 1916-1944. url p. 21, p. 79.
• North American fauna. Washington: Fish and Wildlife Service; for sale by the Supt. of Docs., U. S. Govt. Print. Off. url p. 5.
• Notes on the flora of western Nova Scotia, 1921 / M.L. Fernald. Cambridge, MA: Gray Herbarium of Harvard University, 1922. url p. 162.
• Observations on the flowering plants, ferns and fern allies growing wild in Marquette County, Michigan, in 1916 and 1917, especially in the vicinity of the Huron Mountain Club. Ann Arbor, Michigan, Published by the University, 1918. url .
• Parasitic fungi of Illinois / by T.J. Burrill. Peoria, Ill.: J. W. Franks, 1885-1887. url .
• Phytogeography of Nebraska. 1. General survey by Roscoe Pound and Frederic E. Clements. Lincoln, Neb.Published by the Seminar1900 url p. 188, p. 345, p. 425, p. 72.
• Phytologia memoirs. Plainfield, N.J.: H.N. Moldenke and A.L. Moldenke, 1980- url p. 74, p. 75.
• Phytologia. Bronx Park, New York, H.A. Gleason and H.N. Moldenke, url p. 123, p. 309, p. 32, p. 325, p. 353, p. 366, p. 43, p. 437, p. 48, p. 50, p. 57, p. 64, p. 70.
• Plant indicators: the relation of plant communities to process and practice. WashingtonCarnegie Institution of Washington1920 url p. 190.
• Plant life of Alabama, an account of the distribution, modes of association, and adaptations of the flora of Alabama, together with a systematic catalogue of the plants growing in the state. By Charles Mohr. .. Montgomery, Ala., Brown printing co., 1901. url p. 104, p. 388.
• Plant life of Alabama. An account of the distribution, modes of association, and adaptations of the flora of Alabama, together with a systematic catalogue of the plants growing in the state. Prepared in cooperationwith the Washington, Govt. Print. Off., 1901. url .
• Plant life of Alabama: an account of the distribution, modes of association, and adaptations of the flora of Alabama, together with a systematic catalogue of the plants growing in the state / by Charles Mohr. Montgomery, Ala.: Brown Printing Co., 1901. url p. 388.
• Plant species of special concern and plant associations of Sheridan County, Montana / Helena, Mont.: Montana Natural Heritage Program, 2000. url , .
• Plantae Lindheimerianae: an enumeration of F. Lindheimer's collection of Texan plants, with remarks and descriptions of new species, etc. / by George Engelmann and Asa Gray. 1907 Boston: Printed by Freeman and Bolles, 1845-[1907] url p. 157, p. 157, p. 198, p. 198.
• Plants of Iowa; a preliminary list of the native and introduced plants of the state, not under cultivation; comp. by Wesley Greene, secretary. Des Moines, Bishard brothers, printers, 1907. url p. 139, p. 139.
• Preliminary list of plants growing without cultivation in the vicinity of Manchester, New Hampshire. Comp. by Frederick W. Batchelder. Manchester, N. H., Manchester institute of arts and sciences[1909] url p. 11.
• Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. Washington, Biological Society of Washington url p. 225, p. 24.
• Proceedings of the Davenport Academy of Natural Sciences. Davenport, Ia., Academy of Natural Sciences [etc.] url p. 224, p. 245.
• Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington. Washington, etc.: Entomological Society of Washington url p. 61, p. 62.
• Proceedings of the Indiana Academy of Science. Indianapolis, Ind.[s.n.] url p. 126, p. 158, p. 160, p. 160, p. 163, p. 163, p. 171, p. 183, p. 207, p. 221, p. 294, p. 298, p. 300, p. 301, p. 302, p. 304, p. 309, p. 312, p. 317, p. 319, p. 319, p. 320, p. 345, p. 452.
• Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales. Sydney, Linnean Society of New South Wales. url .
• Proceedings of the United States National Museum. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, [etc.] url p. 30, p. 572.
• Proposed estuarine sanctuary grant award to the state of New York for a Hudson River estuarine sanctuary. Albany, N.Y.: New York, Dept. of Environmental Conservation, [1982] url p. 134.
• Psyche. Cambridge, Mass.: Cambridge Entomological Club url p. 106.
• Reevaluation of vegetational characteristics at the CERC Field Research Facility, Duck, North Carolina / by Richard L. Harris, Gerald F. Levy, and James E. Perry; prepared for U.S. Army, Corps of Engineers, Coastal Engineering Research Center. Fort Belvoir, Va.: National Technical Information Service, Operations Division [distributor, 1983] url p. 16.
• Report of the Geological Survey of Ohio. Columbus, Nevins & Myers, state printers, 1873-93. url , .
• Report of the Michigan Academy of Science. Lansing, Mich.: The Academy, 1904-1916. url p. 147.
• Report of the State Botanist. Albany, N.Y.: University of the State of New York, 1898-1925. url , , p. 66.
• Reports of the Director. .. / Experimental Farms. Ottawa: Experimental Farms, 1888-1916. url p. 329.
• Reports of the Survey. Botanical series. Minneapolis [etc.]1892- url p. 106, p. 375, p. 575, p. 660, p. 661.
• Reproductive ecology of Conradina verticillata Jennison, a rare, endemic mint of the Cumberland PlateauT'ai Honda Roulston. 1994 1994. url p. 7.
• Revision of the parasitic hymenopterous insects of the genus Aphycus Mayr, with some notice of related genera. By P. H. Timberlake. Washington, Govt. Print. Off., 1916. url p. 572.
• Rock River area assessment / Illinois Department of Natural Resources, Office of Scientific Research and Analysis, Natural History Survey Division, in conjunction with State Geological Survey Division. Springfield, IL: Illinois Dept. of Natural Resources, 1996- url p. 126, p. 50.
• Some grasses of the Northeast: a key to their identification by vegetative characters. Newark, Delaware: University of Delaware, Agricultural Experiment Station, 1962. url p. 62.
• Station bulletin. Durham, N.H.: Agricultural Experiment Station, University of New Hampshire, 1948- url p. 35, p. 47, p. 50, p. 51.
• Studies in natural history. Iowa City, Ia. url p. 28.
• Studies of the vegetation of Missouri. .. / By Julian A. Steyermark. 9 1940 [Chicago, 1940- url p. 368, p. 380, p. 384, p. 427.
• Syllogeus. Ottawa, National Museum of Natural Sciences, 1972-1995. url p. 13, p. 142, p. 20, p. 21, p. 29, p. 61, p. 70, p. 70, p. 74.
• The American midland naturalist. Notre Dame, Ind., University of Notre Dame. url p. 143, p. 228.
• The Canadian entomologist. Ottawa [etc.]Entomological Society of Canada [etc.] url p. 165, p. 240, p. 240.
• The Canadian field-naturalist. Ottawa, Ottawa Field-Naturalists' Club. url p. 110, p. 111, p. 14, p. 165, p. 175, p. 54, p. 60, p. 77, p. 86.
• The Garden: an illustrated weekly journal of gardening in all its branches. London: [s.n., url p. 174.
• The Gardeners' chronicle and agricultural gazette. London: published for the proprietors, 1844-1873. url p. 1216.
• The Gardeners' chronicle: a weekly illustrated journal of horticulture and allied subjects. London: [Gardeners Chronicle], 1874-1955. url p. 218, p. 244, p. 89.
• The Great Basin naturalist. 41 1981 Provo, Utah: M.L. Bean Life Science Museum, Brigham Young University, 1939-1999. url p. 28, p. 571.
• The Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science: JIAS. Cedar Falls, Iowa: The Academy, 1988- url p. 171.
• The Kansas University quarterly. Lawrence, Kansas: The University. url p. 123.
• The Metaspermae of the Minnesota Valley: a list of the higher seed-producing plants indigenous to the drainage-basin of the Minnesota River / by Conway MacMillan. Minneapolis: Geological and Natural History Survey of Minnesota, 1892. url p. 660, p. 661.
• The Metaspermae of the Minnesota valley; a list of the higher seed-producing plants indigenous to the drainage-basin of the Minnesota river. Minneapolis[Harrison & Smith, State Printers]1892 url p. 660, p. 661, p. 88.
• The Ohio journal of science. Columbus, Ohio, The Ohio State University and the Ohio Academy of Science url p. 80.
• The Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science. Des moines, Iowa: The Academy, [1889-1987] url p. 164, p. 165, p. 171, p. 182, p. 183, p. 93.
• The Review of applied entomology. Farnham Royal, Eng., etc.: Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux, etc. url p. 379, p. 577, p. 613, p. 710.
• The University of Kansas science bulletin. 25 1938 [Lawrence]: University of Kansas, 1902-1996. url p. 129, p. 131, p. 145.
• The agricultural grasses and forage plants of the United States; and such foreign kinds as have been introduced. By Dr. Geo. Vasey; with an appendix on the chemical composition of grasses, by Clifford Richardson. Washington: Govt. print. off., 1889. url p. 329.
• The book of grasses: an illustrated guide to the common grasses, and the most common of the rushes and sedges / by Mary Evans Francis; illustrated by H.H. Knight, Arthur G. Eldredge and Sarah Francis Dorrance. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, Page, 1912. url , p. 28, p. 36.
• The book of grasses; an illustrated guide to the common grasses, and the most common of the rushes and sedges, Garden City, N. Y., Doubleday, Page & Co., 1912. url , .
• The flora of the town of Southold, Long Island, and Gardiner's Island / New York: Torrey Botanical Club, 1914? url p. 231.
• The genera of grasses of the United States: with special reference to the economic species / by A.S. Hitchcock. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, 1920. url p. 95, p. 96.
• The grasses of Illinois / by Edna Mosher. Urbana, Ill.: University of Illinois Agricultural Experiment Station, 1918. url p. 413, p. 414, p. 416, p. 417.
• The grasses of Illinois, by Edna Mosher. Urbana, Ill., 1918. url p. 413, p. 414, p. 416, p. 417.
• The grasses of Iowa / L. H. Pammel, J. B. Weems, and F. Lamson-Schribner. Des Moines: Iowa Geological Survey, 1901-1904 [] i.e. 1905] url , p. 192, p. 195, p. 341, p. 342.
• The grasses of Maine. Designed for the use of the students of the Maine State College, and the farmers of the State. C. D. Fernald, Orono, May, 1885. Augusta, [Me.], Sprague & son, Printers to the State, 1885. url , p. 50.
• The grasses of Tennessee including cereals and forage plants / by J.B. Killebrew. .. Nashville: The American, 1878. url p. 224.
• The insect enemies of the cotton boll weevil. Washington, Govt. print. off., 1912. url p. 74, p. 80.
• The native flora of the vicinity of Cold Spring Harbor, L.I., New York. n.p., 1925 url p. 124.
• The plant life of Maryland, by Forrest Shreve [et al.] Baltimore, Johns Hopkins Press, 1910. url p. 404.
• The plants of Prince Edward Island / Ottawa: Research Branch, Agriculture Canada, 1985. url p. 74, p. 75.
• The plants of Southern New Jersey with especial reference to the flora of the pine barrens and the geographic distribution of the species. Trenton, N. J., 1911. url , .
• The plants of Southern New Jersey; with especial reference to the flora of the Pine Barrens and the geographic distribution of the species. Trenton, 1911. url .
• The plants of southern New Jersey; with especial reference to the flora of the pine barrens and the geographic distribution of the species. Trenton, 1911. url .
• The rusts of Australia their structure, nature and classification / by D. McAlpine. Melbourne: Robt. S. Brain, government printer1906. url p. 122, p. 123, p. 438, p. 445.
• The rusts of Australia, their structure, nature, and classification. Melbourne, Brain, 1906. url p. 122, p. 123, p. 332.
• The vascular flora of the eastern Penobscot Bay region, Maine. [Portland, Maine, 1919. url p. 220.
• The vegetation of Shackleford Bank / by I.F. Lewis. Raleigh: Edwards & Broughton, 1917. url p. 27.
• Torreya. 12 1912 Burlington, Vt., Torrey Botanical Club, 1901-1945. url p. 107, p. 192, p. 2, p. 204, p. 225, p. 231, p. 237, p. 277.
• Transactions of the British Mycological Society. London: Cambridge University Press, [1897-c1988] url p. 100, p. 96.
• Transactions of the Illinois State Academy of Science. Springfield, Ill., Illinois State Academy of Science [etc.] url p. 101, p. 166.
• Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science. Topeka, Kan.: W.Y. Morgan, 1903- url p. 99.
• Transactions of the Kentucky Academy of Science. [Lexington, Ky.]Kentucky Academy of Science, 1923-1997. url p. 148, p. 149, p. 168, p. 175, p. 23, p. 24, p. 35, p. 36, p. 4, p. 63, p. 82.
• Transactions of the. .. annual meetings of the Kansas Academy of Science. Topeka, Kan.: Kansas Pub. House, 1883-1901. url p. 178, p. 194, p. 89.
• Tulane studies in zoology and botany. 24 1983 New Orleans: Tulane University, [1968- url , p. 115.
• Types of American grasses: a study of the American species of grasses described by Linnæus, Gronovius, Sloane, Swartz, and Michaux. Washington, Govt. print. off., 1908. url p. 124, p. 128, p. 154.
• University studies of the University of Nebraska. Lincoln. url p. 12.
• Vascular plants of the Sangamon River basin; annotated checklist and ecological summary [by] Almut G. Jones and David T. Bell. [Urbana], University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, College of Agriculture, [1974] url p. 7.
• Vegetative vigor of the host as a factor influencing susceptibility and resistance to certain rust diseases of the higher plants. Lancaster, Pa., 1922 url p. 200.
• Yearbook of the United States Department of Agriculture. Washington: Govt. Print. Off., 1895-1920. url p. 569.

Notes

Contributors

• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 10, 2012.

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 21, 2007:

• Australian National Herbarium
• , Australian National Herbarium
• Canadian Museum of Nature, Canadian Museum of Nature Herbarium
• Missouri Botanical Garden, Missouri Botanical Garden
• University of Alabama Biodiversity and Systematics, Herbarium
• Utah State University, USU-UTC Specimen Database

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2660930
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-40681
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13753519
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:74108-3
• GRIN Nomen Number: 15075
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 40681
• Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: PMPOA2H1U0
• U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: ELVIV
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 37187

Footnotes

1. "Elymus". in Flora of China Vol. 22 Page 1, 386, 387, 400. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
2. Mean = 240.900 meters (790.354 feet), Standard Deviation = 176.820 based on 114 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]

©2004-2012 David Stang. All rights reserved.