Elymus hystrix

• Overview
• Interesting Facts
• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Overview

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Description

Genus Elymus

Plants perennial , usually tufted , usually without, rarely with, rhizomes. Culms usually erect . Leaf sheath of cauline leaves split almost to base ; auricles present or absent; leaf blade flat or rolled. Spike erect to nodding . Spikelets 1 or 2(4) per node, sessile, rarely very shortly pedicellate , appressed to rachis, clearly laterally compressed , usually all similar, with 210 or more florets ; rachis tough. Glumes opposite or side-by-side, linear-lanceolate to lanceolate-ovate, firmly membranous to leathery, 19(11) -veined, not keeled , apex obtuse to shortly awned ; veins ± raised. Lemma lanceolate-oblong, rounded abaxially, 5-veined, ± pubescent , apex obtuse or acute to awned, rarely toothed ; veins connivent at apex; awn erect or reflexed . Palea shorter than or equaling lemma, apex retuse , subrounded, or acute. Caryopsis usually adherent to lemma and palea. x = 7.

About 170 species:temperate regions of both hemispheres, mainly in Asia; 88 species (62 endemic) in China.

The genus Roegneria should be referred to Elymus because of their many common characters, e.g. , plants usually tufted; spikelets usually all similar, 1 per node; lemma lanceolate-oblong, rounded abaxially, 5-veined, veins connivent at apex.[1]

Physical Description

Habitat

Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 1,617 meters (0 to 5,305 feet).[2]

Biology

Reproduction

Duration: Perennial

Growth

Culture: Space 18-24" apart.

Soil: Minimum pH: 6.1 • Maximum pH: 8.5

Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Full Sun .

Moisture: Drought Tolerance: High

Temperature: Cold Hardiness: 4a, 4b, 5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b. (map)

Taxonomy

Synonyms

Elymus (Hochst.) Honda Sect. Leymus • Elymus Á. Löve Sect. Dasystachyae • Elymus Dumort. Sect. Leptothrix • Elymus L. • Elymus Linnaeus • Elymus< /i> (Nevski) Á. Löve & D. Löve Sect. Terrella • Elymus< /i> (Nevski) Á. Löve Sect. Hylolepis • Elymus< /i> (Raf.) Á. Löve Sect. Sitanion • Elymus< /i> (Turcz.) Á. Löve & Connor Sect. Stenostachys

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name .

Last scrutiny: 15-Mar-2000

Similar Species

Members of the genus Elymus

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 85 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus:

E. alaskanus alaskanus (Alaskan Wheatgrass) · E. alaskanus latiglumis (Alaskan Wheatgrass) · E. alaskanus subsp. latiglumis (Alaskan Wheatgrass) · E. albicans (Montana Wheatgrass) · E. arizonicus (Arizona Wheatgrass) · E. bakeri (Baker's Wheatgrass) · E. calderi (Yukon Wheatgrass) · E. californicus (California Bottlebrush Grass) · E. canadensis (Canada Wild Rye) · E. canadensis var. canadensis (Canada Wildrye) · E. caninus (Bearded Wheatgrass) · E. ciliaris (Wildrye) · E. dahuricus (Dahurian Wild Rye) · E. diversiglumis (Diverseglume Wildrye) · E. dorei (Dore's Wildrye) · E. elymoides brevifolius (Bottle-Brush Squirrel-Tail) · E. elymoides hordeoides (Bottlebrush Squirreltail) · E. elymoides subsp. brevifolius (Squirreltail) · E. elymoides subsp. californicus (Squirreltail) · E. elymoides subsp. hordeoides (Desert Squirreltail) · E. europaeus (Wood-Barley) · E. glaucus (Blue Wild Rye) · E. glaucus virescens (Blue Wild Rye) · E. glaucus subsp. jepsonii (Jepson's Blue Wildrye) · E. glaucus subsp. virescens (Blue Wildrye) · E. gmelinii (Wildrye) · E. hanseni (Hansen Squirreltail) · E. hansenii (Hansen Squirreltail) · E. hirsutus (Alaska Wild-Rye) · E. hoffmannii (Rs Wheatgrass) · E. hyperarcticus (Tundra Wildrye) · E. hystrix (Bottle-Brush Grass) · E. hystrix var. bigeloviana (Bottlebrush Grass) · E. hystrix var. hystrix (Eastern Bottle-Brush Grass) · E. interruptus (Texas Wildrye) · E. kronokensis (Arctic Wheatgrass) · E. kronokensis subsp. subalpinus (Northern Wheatgrass) · E. lanceolatus (Streambank Wheatgrass) · E. lanceolatus lanceolatus (Streambank Wheatgrass) · E. lanceolatus psammophilus (Streambank Wheatgrass) · E. lanceolatus subsp. psammophilus (Streambank Wheatgrass) · E. latiglumis (Alaskan Wheatgrass) · E. macrourus (Thickspike Wheatgrass) · E. magellanicus (Blue Lyme Grass) · E. maltei (Malt Wildrye) · E. mossii (Moss' Wildrye) · E. multisetus (Big Squirrel-Tail) · E. palmerensis (Palmer's Wildrye) · E. pendulina (Wildrye) · E. pinaloensis (Pinalo Wildrye) · E. pseudorepens (Creeping Wildrye) · E. repens (Couchgrass) · E. repens repens (Couch-Grass) · E. riparius (River Wild-Rye) · E. saundersii (Saunder Wildrye) · E. scaber (Common Wheat-Grass) · E. scribneri (Schribner Wheatgrass) · E. semicostatum (Drooping Wild Rye) · E. sibiricus (Siberian Wild-Rye) · E. sierrae (Sierra Wildrye) · E. stebbinsii (Parish Wheatgrass) · E. stebbinsii stebbinsii (Parish Wheatgrass) · E. submuticus (Virginia Wildrye) · E. subsecundus (Bearded Wheatgrass) · E. svensonii (Svenson's Wild-Rye) · E. tangutorum (Wildrye) · E. trachycaulus (Slender Wheatgrass) · E. trachycaulus subsecundus (Slender Wheatgrass) · E. trachycaulus trachycaulus (Slender Wheatgrass) · E. trachycaulus subsp. subsecundus (Slender Wheatgrass) · E. villosus (Hairy Wild Rye) · E. virginicus (Virginia Wild Rye) · E. virginicus var. halophilus (Terrell Grass) · E. virginicus var. virginicus (Virginia Wild Rye) · E. vulpinus (Rydberg's Wildrye) · E. wawawaiensis (Snake River Wheatgrass) · E. wiegandii (Wiegand's Wild Rye) · E. x dorei (Dore's Wildrye) · E. x hansenii (Hansen Squirreltail) · E. x maltei (Malt Wildrye) · E. x mossii (Moss' Wildrye) · E. x palmerensis (Palmer's Wildrye) · E. x pinaloensis (Pinalo Wildrye) · E. x pseudorepens (Quackgrass) · E. x saundersii (Saunders' Wheatgrass)

More Info

• Search for Pictures: images.google.com
• Search for Scholarly Articles: Google Scholar
• Search using Scientific Name and Vernacular Names: All the Web | AltaVista Canada | AltaVista | Excite | Google | HotBot | Lycos
• Search using Specialized Databases: GenBank | Medline | Scirus | CISTI/CAL | Agricola Periodicals | Agricola Books

Further Reading

• A compendium of the flora of the northern and middle states, containing generic and specific descriptions of all the plants, exclusive of the cryptogamia, hitherto found in the United States, north of the Potomac. New York, S. B. Collins, 1826. url p. 66.
• Analytical class-book of botany. New York, Appleton, 1859. url p. 218.
• Bartonia;proceedings of the Philadelphia botanical club. .. 62 2004 Philadelphia, Philadelphia Botanical Club, Academy of Natural Sciences. url p. 114, p. 48.
• Botany of the northern and middle states, or, A description of the plants found in the United States, north of Virginia: arranged according to the natural system: with a synopsis of the genera according to the Linnaean system. .. / Albany: Printed by Webster and Skinners. .., 1833. url p. 415.
• Bulletin / United States Department of Agriculture, Division of Agrostology. 1895-1897 Washington, D.C.: The Division, 1895-1901. url p. 44.
• Bulletin of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. [Washington, D.C.?]: Supt. of Docs., G.P.O., 1913-1923. url p. 98.
• Carnegie Institution of Washington publication. Washington, Carnegie Institution of Washington, 1902- url p. 206.
• Catalogue of Canadian plants. .. Montreal [etc.]1883-1902. url , p. 248.
• Catalogue of the cabinet of natural history of the state of New York, and of the historical and antiquarian collection annexed thereto. Albany, C. Van Benthuysen, printer, 1853. url .
• Circular / United States Department of Agriculture, Division of Agrostology. Washington, D.C.: The Division, 1895-1901. url p. 12.
• Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 48 2003 Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1890- url p. 123, p. 124, p. 201, p. 24, p. 287, p. 291, p. 296, p. 381, p. 389, p. 394, p. 402, p. 551, p. 695.
• Contributions from the University of Michigan Herbarium. 23 2001 Ann Arbor: University Herbarium, University of Michigan, 1939- url p. 308.
• Erigenia: journal of the Illinois Native Plant Society. Carbondale, Ill.: The Society, 1982- url p. 11, p. 20, p. 27, p. 34, p. 37, p. 43.
• Florula Bostoniensis. A collection of plants of Boston and its vicinity, with their generic and specific characters, principal synonyms, descriptions, places of growth, and time of flowering, and occasional remarks. Boston, C. C. Little and J. Brown, 1840. url p. 48.
• Florula bostoniensis. A collection of plants of Boston and its vicinity, with their generic and specific characters, principal synonyms, descriptions, places of growth, and time of flowering, and occasional remarks. Boston, C. C. Little and J. Brown, 1840. url p. 48.
• Garden and forest; a journal of horticulture, landscape art and forestry. New York: The Garden and forest publishing co., 1888-97. url p. 338.
• Hortus gramineus woburnensis; or, An account of the results of experiments on the produce and nutritive qualities of different grasses and other plants used as the food of the more valuable domestic animals: instituted by John, du By George Sinclair. London: J. Ridgway, 1826. url p. 35.
• Illinois River Bluffs area assessment / Illinois Department of Natural Resources, Office of Scientific Research and Analysis, [and the] State Geological Survey Division. Springfield, Ill.: Illinois Dept. of Natural Resources, 1998- url p. 179.
• Journal of the Kentucky Academy of Science. Lexington, KY: The Academy, 1998- url p. 19, p. 27, p. 30, p. 31, p. 33, p. 36, p. 37, p. 41, p. 48, p. 57, p. 63, p. 89, p. 89, p. 92, p. 92.
• Manual of the grasses of the United States / by A.S. Hitchcock. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1935. url p. 872, p. 873, p. 950.
• Minnesota botanical studies. Minneapolis, Geological and Natural History Survey of Minnesota. url p. 111, p. 115.
• Phytologia. Bronx Park, New York, H.A. Gleason and H.N. Moldenke, url p. 306, p. 307, p. 32, p. 366, p. 70, p. 77, p. 87.
• Plant life of Alabama. An account of the distribution, modes of association, and adaptations of the flora of Alabama, together with a systematic catalogue of the plants growing in the state. Prepared in cooperationwith the Washington, Govt. Print. Off., 1901. url .
• Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. Philadelphia, Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia url p. 343, p. 343.
• Rock River area assessment / Illinois Department of Natural Resources, Office of Scientific Research and Analysis, Natural History Survey Division, in conjunction with State Geological Survey Division. Springfield, IL: Illinois Dept. of Natural Resources, 1996- url p. 126, p. 53.
• Station bulletin. Durham, N.H.: Agricultural Experiment Station, University of New Hampshire, 1948- url p. 47.
• Syllogeus. Ottawa, National Museum of Natural Sciences, 1972-1995. url , p. 20, p. 20, p. 22, p. 22, p. 22, p. 25, p. 26, p. 27, p. 28, p. 29, p. 37, p. 50, p. 62.
• The American farmer's encyclopedia and dictionary of rural affairs: embracing all the most recent discoveries in agricultural chemistry / adapted to the comprehension of unscientific readers by Gouverneur Emerson. Philadelphia: Carey and Hart, 1844. url p. 443.
• The American farmer's encyclopedia: embracing all the recent discoveries in agricultural chemistry, and the use of mineral, vegetable and animal manures, with descriptions and figures of American insects, injurious to vegetation. Being by Gouverneur Emerson, of Pennsylvania, upon the basis of Johnson's Farmer's encyclopedia. New York: A.O. Moore, Agricultural Book Publisher, 1858, [c1857] url p. 443, p. 571.
• The American farmer's encyclopedia; embracing all the recent discoveries in agricultural chemistry, New York, A. O. Moore, 1858. url p. 571.
• The American journal of science and arts. New-Haven: S. Converse, url p. 34, p. 58.
• The American journal of science. 4 1822 New Haven, Kline Geology Laboratory, Yale University. url p. 58.
• The Canadian field-naturalist. Ottawa, Ottawa Field-Naturalists' Club. url p. 507, p. 724.
• The Canadian record of science. Montreal, Natural History Society. url p. 18.
• The Great Basin naturalist. 54 1994 Provo, Utah: M.L. Bean Life Science Museum, Brigham Young University, 1939-1999. url p. 292.
• The Journal of horticulture, cottage gardener and country gentlemen. London: George W. Johnson and Robert Hogg, 1861-1877. url p. 124.
• The Metaspermae of the Minnesota Valley: a list of the higher seed-producing plants indigenous to the drainage-basin of the Minnesota River / by Conway MacMillan. Minneapolis: Geological and Natural History Survey of Minnesota, 1892. url p. 89.
• The Metaspermae of the Minnesota valley; a list of the higher seed-producing plants indigenous to the drainage-basin of the Minnesota river. Minneapolis[Harrison & Smith, State Printers]1892 url p. 89.
• The differentiation and specificity of starches in relation to genera, species, etc.; stereochemistry applied to protoplasmic processes and products, and as a strictly scientific basis for the classification of plants and animals Washington, D.C.Carnegie institution of Washington1913 url p. 206.
• The farmer's and planter's encyclopædia of rural affairs; Philadelphia, J. B. Lippincott & co., 1868. url p. 443.
• The genera of grasses of the United States: with special reference to the economic species / by A.S. Hitchcock. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, 1920. url p. 98.
• Transactions of the Kentucky Academy of Science. [Lexington, Ky.]Kentucky Academy of Science, 1923-1997. url p. 35, p. 36, p. 37.
• Transactions of the Maryland Academy of Sciences. Baltimore: The Academy, 1901-[1921] url p. 68.
• Transactions of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society. [S.l.: s.n.], 1843-1920. url p. 61.
• Transactions of the. .. annual meetings of the Kansas Academy of Science. Topeka, Kan.: Kansas Pub. House, 1883-1901. url p. 146.
• Types of American grasses: a study of the American species of grasses described by Linnæus, Gronovius, Sloane, Swartz, and Michaux. Washington, Govt. print. off., 1908. url p. 124, p. 130.

Notes

Contributors

• Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 10, 2012.
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed November 21, 2007. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 3 providers.
• Ruggiero M., Gordon D., Bailly N., Kirk P., Nicolson D. (2011). The Catalogue of Life Taxonomic Classification, Edition 2, Part A. In: Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist (Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D., eds). DVD; Species 2000: Reading, UK.
• USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. URL (April 27, 2008)

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 15, 2007:

• Missouri Botanical Garden, Missouri Botanical Garden
• US National Plant Germplasm System, United States National Plant Germplasm System Collection
• University of Alabama Biodiversity and Systematics, Herbarium
• Utah State University, USU-UTC Specimen Database

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2660936
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-40698
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13730665
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:400291-1
• GRIN Nomen Number: 102306
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 40698
• Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: PMPOA2H0V0
• U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: HYPAB ELHY
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 37167

Footnotes

1. "Elymus". in Flora of China Vol. 22 Page 1, 386, 387, 400. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
2. Mean = 173.290 meters (568.537 feet), Standard Deviation = 759.400 based on 42 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]

©2004-2012 David Stang. All rights reserved.