Elodea canadensis

• Overview
• Interesting Facts
• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Overview

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Click on the language to view common names.

Description

Family Hydrocharitaceae

Herbs, annual or perennial , caulescent or without evident stem, glabrous or pubescent , entirely submersed , with both submersed and floating leaves, or with submersed stolons and emergent leaves, in fresh, brackish , or marine waters; turions rarely present. Stems rhizomatous , creeping , with abbreviated erect axis at nodes, or erect, leafy, elongate . Leaves basal, alternate, opposite, or whorled , sessile or petiolate ; stipules sometimes present, forming tubular sheath around stem; blade margins entire or serrate; veins 1--many. Inflorescences axillary , terminal , or scapose , 1-flowered or cymose , subtended by spathe ; spathe a 2-fid bract or pair of opposite bracts. Flowers unisexual , staminate and pistillate on same plants or on different plants, often with rudiments of opposite type, or bisexual , actinomorphic , rarely slightly zygomorphic; perianth epigynous , free , mostly 6-parted, then differentiated into sepals and petals, rarely 3-parted, then petals absent in Thalassia and Halophila; stamens (0--) 2--many in 1 or more whorls (inner often staminodial), epigynous, distinct or ± connate ; pollen spheric, in monads or tetrads or in slender chains; ovary 0--1, if present, inferior, 2--6[--16]-carpellate, 1-locular or falsely 6--9-locular; placentation parietal . Fruits berrylike. Seeds many, fusiform , ellipsoid , ovoid , or spheric; seed coat glabrous, papillose , or echinate .

Genera 17, species ca. 76 (10 genera, 14 species in the flora ) : nearly worldwide.

Hydrocharitaceae, like other members of the Alismatidae, have one or more (fewer than 20) scales (intravaginal squamules ) in the axils of their leaves. These scales (or hairs in some taxa) secrete mucilage and are without any venation . The structures are often referred to as "squamulae intravaginales" or "intravaginal scales" in the literature.[1]

Genus Elodea

Plants perennial , of fresh waters . Rhizomes and stolons absent. Erect stems rooted in substrate, branched or unbranched, elongate . Leaves cauline, whorled , 3--7 at each node, or leaves opposite at 4+ proximalmost nodes, submersed , sessile; blade linear to linear-lanceolate, apex acute; midvein without lacunae along side(s), blade uniform in color throughout;; abaxial surfacely without prickles or aerenchyma ; intravaginal squamules entire. Inflorescences solitary, sessile; spathes not winged . Flowers unisexual , staminate and pistillate on different plants, or rarely bisexual , usually projected to surface of water by elongate floral tube base , sessile; petals white. Staminate flowers : filaments distinct or 3 inner connate ½ their length ; anthers oval ; pollen in monads or tetrads . Pistillate flowers: ovary 1-locular; styles 3, not 2-fid. Fruits ovoid to lance-ellipsoid, smooth , dehiscing irregularly. Seeds cylindric to fusiform , glabrous to hirsute .

Species 5: North America, Central America, South America, Europe.[2]

Physical Description

Habitat

Waters, mostly calcareous , of lakes and rivers ; 0--2000 m [3].

Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 4,653 meters (0 to 15,266 feet).[4]

Biology

Reproduction

Duration: Perennial

Growth

Culture: Space 18-24" apart.

Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Sun to Partial Shade.

Temperature: Cold Hardiness: 3a, 3b, 4a, 4b, 5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b. (map)

Taxonomy

Synonyms

Anacharis canadensis (Michx.) Planch. • Anacharis canadensis var. planchonii (Caspary) Victorin • Elodea brandegeeae St. John • Elodea ioensis Wylie • Elodea linearis (Rydb.) St. John • Elodea planchonii Caspary • Philotria canadensis (Michx.) Britt. • Philotria canadensis Britton • Philotria linearis Rydb. • Udora Canadensis

Notes

Publishing author : Michx. Publication : Flora Boreali-Americana 1803 (19 Mar. 1803)

Similar Species

Members of the genus Elodea

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 5 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus:

E. bifoliata (Two Leaf Waterweed) · E. canadensis (American Waterweed) · E. nuttallii (Nuttall Waterweed) · E. schweinitzii (Schweinitz's Elodea) · E. verticillata (Florida Elodea)

More Info

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Further Reading

• A Directory of Neotropical Wetlands. IUCN Conservation Monitoring Centre url p. 341, p. 342.
• A biological survey of the Erie-Niagara system. Supplemental to Eighteenth annual report, 1928. Albany, J. B. Lyon company, printers, 1929. url p. 191, p. 196.
• A biological survey of the Genesee river system. Supplemental to Sixteenth annual report, 1926. Albany, J. B. Lyon company, printers, 1927. url p. 84, p. 85, p. 86.
• A biological survey of the sand dune region on the south shore of Saginaw Bay, Michigan. Prepared under the direction of Alexander G. Ruthven. Lansing, Mich.: Wynkoop, Hallenbeck, Crawford co., state printers, 1911. url p. 327, p. 76.
• A catalogue of the Cretaceous and Tertiary plants of North America by Frank Hall Knowlton. Washington: G.P.O., 1898. url .
• A college text-book of Botany, being an enlargement of the author's "Elementary Botany." New York, Holt, 1905. url p. 712.
• A college text-book of botany: being an enlargement of the author's "Elementary botany, " / by George Francis Atkinson. New York: Henry Holt and Company1905. url p. 712.
• A college text-book of botany; being an enlargement of the author's "Elementary botany." New York: Holt, 1908 [c1905] url p. 712.
• A dictionary of the flowering plants and ferns, by J. C. Willis. CambridgeThe University Press, 1919 url p. 32.
• A flora of California, by Willis Linn Jepson. San Francisco, Calif., Cunningham, Curtis & Welch, 1909- url p. 81, p. 81.
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• A manual of poisonous plants: chiefly of eastern North America, with brief notes on economic and medicinal plants, and numerous illustrations / by L. H. Pammel. 1911 Cedar Rapids, Ia.: The Torch Press, 1910-11. url p. 332.
• A new British flora: British wild flowers in their natural haunts / described by A. R. Horwood; with sixty-four plates in colour representing 350 different plants, from drawings by J. N. Fitch and many illustrations from photographs. London: Gresham, 1919. url p. 111, p. 218.
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Notes

Contributors

• Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 10, 2012.
• "Elodea canadensis". in Flora of North America Vol. 22. Published by Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed June 30, 2007. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from provider.
• Ruggiero M., Gordon D., Bailly N., Kirk P., Nicolson D. (2011). The Catalogue of Life Taxonomic Classification, Edition 2, Part A. In: Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist (Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D., eds). DVD; Species 2000: Reading, UK.
• The International Plant Names Index. Accessed Dec 27, 2011.
• USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. URL (April 25, 2008)
• World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Release date: November 27, 2009

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 15, 2007:

• Jyväskylä University Museum - The Section of Natural Sciences, Vascular plant collection of Jyvaskyla University Museum
• Missouri Botanical Garden, Missouri Botanical Garden
• Oregon State University, Vascular Plant Collection
• The Danish Biodiversity Information Facility, Botany registration database by Danish botanists
• UK National Biodiversity Network, Dorset Environmental Records Centre - Dorset Invasive Alien Plants - NBN South West Pilot Project Case Studies
• UK National Biodiversity Network, Environment and Heritage Service - EHS Species Datasets
• University of Alabama Biodiversity and Systematics, Herbarium
• University of Washington Burke Museum, Vascular Plant Collection - University of Washington Herbarium

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2659704
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: Kew-309448
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13540460
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:70604-3
• GRIN Nomen Number: 400047
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 38937
• International Plant Names Index (IPNI) ID: 90075-2
• Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: PMHYD03030
• U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: PHLI10
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 17051

Footnotes

1. Robert R. Haynes "Hydrocharitaceae". in Flora of North America Vol. 22. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
2. "Elodea". in Flora of North America Vol. 22. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
3. "Elodea canadensis". in Flora of North America Vol. 22. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
4. Mean = 122.310 meters (401.280 feet), Standard Deviation = 173.330 based on 13,717 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]

©2004-2012 David Stang. All rights reserved.