Overview
Interesting Facts
Description
Family Alismataceae
Herbs, annual
or perennial
, rhizomatous
, stoloniferous
, or cormose, caulescent
, glabrous
to stellate-pubescent; sap
milky
. Roots
septate
or not septate. Leaves basal, submersed
, floating, or emersed
, sessile or petiolate
, sheathing
proximally; blade
with translucent
markings of dots or lines
present or absent, basal lobes present or absent; venation
reticulate
, primary
veins parallel from base
of blade to apex, secondary veins reticulate. Inflorescences scapose
racemes
or panicles, rarely umbels, erect
, rarely floating or decumbent
, whorled
(forming racemes) or whorls branching (forming panicles), bracteolate
. Flowers bisexual
or unisexual
, if unisexual, staminate
and pistillate
on same or different plants
, hypogynous, subsessile
to long-pedicellate; sepals persistent
, 3; petals deciduous, 3, delicate; stamens 0, 6, 9, or to 30, distinct
; anthers
2-loculed, dehiscing longitudinally; pistils 0 or 6--1500 or more, distinct or coherent proximally, 1-loculed; placentation basal; ovules1--2. Fruits achenes or follicles. Seeds: embryo U-shaped; endosperm absent in mature
seed.
Genera 12, species ca.
80 (4 genera, 34 species in the flora
) : nearly worldwide, primarily tropical
and subtropical
regions.[1]
Genus Echinodorus
Plants
annual
or perennial
, emersed
, floating-leaved, or rarely submersed
, glabrous
to stellate-pubescent; rhizomes present or absent; stolons absent; corms absent; tubers absent. Roots
not septate
. Leaves sessile or petiolate
; petioles
triangular, rarely terete
; blade
with translucent
markings as dots or lines
present or absent, linear
to lanceolate to ovate
, base
attenuate to cordate, margins
entire or undulating
, apex obtuse
to acute. Inflorescences racemes
or panicles, rarely umbels, of 1--18 whorls, erect
or decumbent
, emersed; bracts coarse
, apex obtuse to acute, surfaces smooth
or papillose
along veins, apex obtuse to acute. Flowers bisexual
, subsessile
to pedicellate
; bracts subtending
pedicels, subulate
to lanceolate, shorter than to longer
than pedicels, apex obtuse to acute; pedicels ascending
to recurved; receptacle convex
; sepals recurved to spreading
, herbaceous to leathery, sculpturing absent; petals white, entire; stamens 9--25; filaments
linear, glabrous; pistils 15--250 or more, spirally arranged
on convex receptacle, forming head
, distinct
; ovules 1; style terminal
or lateral
. Fruits plump, often longitudinally ribbed
, sometimes flattened, rarely abaxially keeled
, abaxial
wings
absent, lateral wings absent, glands
often present.
Species 26: Western Hemisphere.[2]
Taxonomy
- Domain:
Eukaryota
(
)
- Whittaker & Margulis,1978
- eukaryotes
- Kingdom:
Plantae
(
)
- Haeckel, 1866
- Plants
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
(
)
- Cavalier-Smith, 1981
- Phylum:
Tracheophyta
(
)
- Sinnott, 1935 ex Cavalier-Smith, 1998
- Vascular Plants
- Subphylum:
Euphyllophytina
(
)
- Infraphylum:
Radiatopses
(
)
- Kenrick & Crane, 1997
- Class:
Spermatopsida
(
)
- Brongniart, 1843
- Subclass:
Alismatidae
(
)
- Takhtajan, 1967
- Superorder:
Alismatanae
(
)
- Takhtajan, 1967
- Order:
Alismatales
(
)
- Dumortier, 1829
- Family:
Alismataceae
(
)
- Ventenat, 1799
- Water-Plantain Family
- Genus:
Echinodorus
(
)
- L.C. Richard, 1815 ex Engelmann, in A. Gray, 1848
- [Greek echius, rough husk, and doros, leathern bottle, alluding to ovaries, which in some species are armed with persistent styles, forming prickly head of fruit]
- Specific epithet:
cordifolia
- (L.) Griseb.
- Botanical name: - Echinodorus cordifolia (L.) Griseb.
- Specific epithet:
cordifolia
- (L.) Griseb.
- Genus:
Echinodorus
(
- Family:
Alismataceae
(
- Order:
Alismatales
(
- Superorder:
Alismatanae
(
- Subclass:
Alismatidae
(
- Class:
Spermatopsida
(
- Infraphylum:
Radiatopses
(
- Subphylum:
Euphyllophytina
(
- Phylum:
Tracheophyta
(
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
(
- Kingdom:
Plantae
(
Synonyms
Alisma cordifolium L.
Notes
Publishing author : Griseb. Basionym author: (L.)
Similar Species
Members of the genus Echinodorus
ZipcodeZoo has pages for 6 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus:
E. berteroi (Burhead) · E. cordifolius (Burhead) · E. cordifolius 'Marble Queen' (Marble Queen) · E. palaefolius (Mexican Sword-Plant) · E. paniculatus (Amazon Sword Plant) · E. tenellus (Dwarf Burhead)
More Info
- Search for Pictures: images.google.com
- Search for Scholarly Articles: Google Scholar
- Search using Scientific Name and Vernacular Names: All the Web | AltaVista Canada | AltaVista | Excite | Google | HotBot | Lycos
- Search using Specialized Databases: GenBank | Medline | Scirus | CISTI/CAL | Agricola Periodicals | Agricola Books
Further Reading
- Argue, C. L. 1974. Pollen studies in the Alismataceae (Alismaceae). Bot. Gaz. 135: 338--344.
- Argue, C. L. 1976. Pollen studies in the Alismataceae with special reference to taxonomy. Pollen & Spores 18: 161--173.
- Beal, E. O. 1960b. The Alismataceae of the Carolinas. J. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc. 76: 68--79.
- Charlton, W. A. 1973. Studies in the Alismataceae. II. Inflorescences of Alismataceae. Canad. J. Bot. 51: 775--789.
- Correll, D. S. and H. B. Correll. 1972. Aquatic and Wetland Plants of Southwestern United States. Washington.
- Godfrey, R. K. and J. W. Wooten. 1979. Aquatic and Wetland Plants of Southeastern United States: Monocotyledons. Athens, Ga.
- Haynes, R. R. and L. B. Holm-Nielsen. 1994. The Alismataceae. In: Organization for Flora Neotropica. 1968+. Flora Neotropica. 75+ nos. New York. No. 64, pp. 1--112.
- Haynes, R. R. and L. B. Holm-Nielsen. 1985. A generic treatment of Alismatidae in the Neotropics. Acta Amazôn. 15(suppl.): 153--193.
- Rogers, G. K. 1983. The genera of Alismataceae in the southeastern United States. J. Arnold Arbor. 64: 387--424.
- Fassett, N. C. 1955. Echinodorus in the American tropics. Rhodora 57: 133--156, 174--188, 202--212.
- Haynes, R. R. and L. B. Holm-Nielsen. 1986. Notes on Echinodorus (Alismataceae). Brittonia 38: 325--332.
- Rataj, K. 1975. Revizion [sic] of the Genus Echinodorus Rich. Prague.
Notes
Contributors
- Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed March 28, 2012.
Identifiers
- Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 10491991
- Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:1208083-2
- International Plant Names Index (IPNI) ID: 1208083-1
- Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 1165714
Footnotes
- Robert R. Haynes ,C. Barre Hellquist "Alismataceae". in Flora of North America Vol. 22. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
- Guy L. Nesom "Echinodorus". in Flora of North America Vol. 22. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
