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Dyssodia papposa

(Stinking Marigold)

Common Names

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Common Names in English:

Dogbane Dyssodia, Dogweed, Fetid Dogweed, Fetid Marigold, Fetid-Marigold, Prairie Dogweed, Stinking Marigold

Description

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Family Acanthaceae

The Acanthaceae are mostly herbs or shrubs comprising about 250 genera and 2,500 species, including twining forms. The leaves are simple , opposite and decussate; stipules are lacking. The flowers are bisexual , zygomorphic, and usually are associated with conspicuous , often brightly colored bracts. The calyx is usually deeply 4-5 lobed or sometimes is highly reduced with more numerous minute teeth. The corolla is sympetalous , usually 5-merous, mostly zygomorphic, and commonly 2 lipped. The androecium usually consists of 4 didynamous stamens or only 2 stamens adnate to the corolla tube or epigynous zone, alternate with the lobes . The gynoecium consists of a single compound pistil of 2 carpels, a single style, and a superior ovary with 2 locules, each with usually 2-10 axile ovules in one or two collateral vertical tiers . An annular nectary disk is usually found around the base of the ovary. The fruit is commonly an elastically dehiscent loculicidal capsule. The seed stalk or funiculus of each seed is modified into a hook shaped jaculator or retinaculum that functions in flinging out the seeds during dehiscence. -- Gerald Carr.

Genus Dyssodia

Annuals [perennials ], 10-30(-70+) cm. Stems erect to decumbent , branched from bases or throughout. Leaves cauline; mostly opposite (distal sometimes alternate) ; blades (1-) 2-3-pinnatisect, primary lobes linear to linear-cuneate, ultimate margins entire or toothed , faces puberulent (little, if at all, setaceous at bases, on teeth, or at tips of lobes, oil-glands submarginal ). Heads radiate , borne singly or in 2s or 3s [pseudocephalia]. Calyculi of [0] 1-9 ± linear bractlets (lengths 1/2-1 phyllaries, bearing oil-glands). Involucres turbinate to campanulate [hemispheric ], 5-10 mm diam. Phyllaries persistent , 6-12 in ± 2 series (distinct to bases or nearly so, oval-oblanceolate, each bearing 1-7 round to elliptic oil-glands). Receptacles convex , ± pitted (socket margins fimbrillate to setose ), epaleate. Ray florets usually 5-8, pistillate , fertile ; corollas yellow-orange. Disc florets 12-50[-100+], bisexual , fertile; corollas yellow to orange, tubes shorter than cylindric throats , lobes 5, deltate to lance-deltate. Cypselae obpyramidal to obconic, subsericeous or glabrescent ; pappi persistent, of 15-20 scales in ± 2 series (each scale comprising 5-10 basally connate , unequal bristles ). x = 13.

Species 4: North America, Mexico, Central America; introduced in South America.[1]

Physical Description

Species Dyssodia papposa

Leaves 15-50 × 10-40 mm overall, ultimate lobes (7-) 11-15, 5-20 × 1-3 mm, glabrous or sparsely hairy , dotted with oil-glands. Peduncles 1-5(-10) mm. Involucres 6-10 mm. Phyllaries each bearing 1-7 oil-glands. Ray laminae 1.5-2.5 × 1-2 mm. Disc corollas ca. 3 mm. Cypselae3-3.5 mm; pappi 1-3 mm. 2n = 26. [source]

Records of Dyssodia papposa from Ontario and from California, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New York, and Vermont evidently document local, probably ephemeral , introductions. In 1837, C. W. Short noted of D. papposa on a specimen label, "This plant is so abundant, and exhales an odor so unpleasant as to sicken the traveler over the western prairies of Illinois, in autumn." [source]

Habitat

Grasslands, open woodlands, often ruderal , fields , along roadways; 0-2000 m [2].

Taxonomy

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Unambiguous Synonyms

  1. Boebera papposa (Vent.) Rydb. Ex Britt.
  2. Tagetes papposa Vent.
  3. Tagetes papposa Ventenant, Descr. Pl. Nouv. , Plate 36. 1801

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name . Latest taxonomic scrutiny: 15-Mar-2000

Place of publication : Trans. Acad. Sci. St . Louis 5:503. 1891

Name verified on 27-Apr-1992 by ARS Systematic Botanists. Last updated: 22-May-1997

Similar Species

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Members of the genus Dyssodia

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 60 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus:

D. acerosa · D. anomala · D. anthemidifolia · D. appendiculata · D. aurantia · D. aurantiaca · D. aurea · D. berlandieri · D. cancellata · D. chrysanthemoides · D. concinna · D. cooperi · D. cupulata · D. decipiens · D. diffusa · D. gentryi · D. glandulosa · D. gracilis · D. grandiflora · D. greggii · D. gypsophila · D. hartwegii · D. integrifolia · D. jelskii · D. littoralis · D. lopez-mirandae · D. micropoides · D. montana · D. mutica · D. neomexicana · D. neomexicana var. pulcherrima · D. oaxacana · D. palmeri · D. papposa (Stinking Marigold) · D. pentachaeta · D. pinnata · D. polychaeta · D. porophylla · D. porophylloides · D. porophyllum · D. pubescens · D. pulcherrima · D. roseata · D. sanguinea · D. seleri · D. serratifolia · D. setifolia · D. setifolia (Lag.) B.L.Rob. var. radiata (A.Gray) Strother · D. speciosa · D. squamosa · D. tagetiflora · D. tagetoides · D. tenuifolia · D. tenuiloba · D. tenuiloba var. tenuiloba · D. texana · D. texana var. texana · D. thurberi · D. treculii · D. treculii var. treculii

More Info

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Further Reading

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Notes

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Contributors

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal February 16, 2008:

Identifiers

Footnotes

  1. John L. Strother "Dyssodia". in Flora of North America Vol. 21 Page 222, 230. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
  2. "Dyssodia papposa". in Flora of North America Vol. 21 Page 227, 231. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
Last Revised: 7/1/2009