Interesting Facts
Description
Family Malvaceae
Herbs, shrubs
, or less often trees
; indumentum usually with peltate scales
or stellate
hairs
. Leaves alternate, stipulate
, petiolate
; leaf blade
usually palmately veined, entire or various lobed
. Flowers solitary, less often in small cymes or clusters
, axillary
or subterminal
, often aggregated into terminal
racemes
or panicles, usually conspicuous
, actinomorphic
, usually bisexual
(unisexual
in Kydia) . Epicalyx
often present, forming an involucre around calyx, 3- to many lobed. Sepals 5, valvate
, free
or connate
. Petals 5, free, contorted, or imbricate, basally adnate
to base
of filament
tube
. Stamens usually very many, filaments connate into tube; anthers
1-celled. Pollen spiny
. Ovary superior, with 2-25 carpels, often separating from one another and from axis; ovules 1 to many per locule; style as many or 2 × as many as pistils, apex branched or capitate. Fruit a loculicidal capsule or a schizocarp, separating into individual mericarps, rarely berrylike when mature
(Malvaviscus) ; carpels sometimes with an endoglossum (a crosswise projection from back wall of carpel to make it almost completely septate
. Seeds often reniform
, glabrous
or hairy
, sometimes conspicuously so.
About 100 genera and ca.
1000 species: tropical
and temperate regions
of N and S Hemisphere; 19 genera (four introduced
) and 81 species (24 endemic, 16 introduced) in China.
Molecular studies have shown that the members
of the Bombacaceae, Malvaceae, Sterculiaceae, and Tiliaceae form a very well-defined monophyletic group that is divided
into ten also rather well-defined clades, only two of which correspond to the traditional families Bombacaceae and Malvaceae. Some of the remaining groups are included
entirely within either of the remaining families but others cut
across the traditional divide between the Sterculiaceae and Tiliaceae. A majority of authors
, most notably Bayer and Kubitzki (Fam. Gen. Vasc. Pl. 5: 225-311. 2003), has favored including everything within a greatly enlarged Malvaceae, and treating the individual clades as subfamilies. The alternative view
is that the individual clades should be treated as a series of ten families: Bombacaceae (Bombacoideae), Brownlowiaceae (Brownlowioideae), Byttneriaceae (Byttnerioideae), Durionaceae (Durionoideae), Helicteraceae (Helicteroideae), Malvaceae (Malvoideae), Pentapetaceae (Dombeyoideae), Sparrmanniaceae (Grewioideae), Sterculiaceae (Sterculioideae), and Tiliaceae (Tilioideae) (Cheek in Heywood et al.
, Fl.
Pl. Fam. World. 201-202. 2007) . For the present treatment, we prefer to retain the familiar, traditional four families, so as to maintain continuity
with the treatments in FRPS, and to await a consensus on the two alternative strategies for dealing with the very widely accepted clades.
The traditional Malvaceae coincides exactly with one of the major clades. The only possible problem is the relationship
with the Bombacaceae, which also has primarily 1-loculed anthers, and some authorities have suggested that the Bombacaceae should be included within the Malvaceae.
Members of the Malvaceae are important as fiber crops
(particularly cotton, Gossypium) . Young leaves of many species can be used as vegetables, and species of Abelmoschus and Hibiscus are grown as minor food crops. Many species have attractive flowers and an ever-increasing selection is grown as ornamentals
. Several have been cultivated for a very long time, particularly species of Hibiscus, and some of these are not known in the wild.[1]
Genus Dombeya
Trees
or shrubs
. Leaves 5-costate, cordate, usually palmately lobed
. Inflorescence an axillary
or terminal
, much branched, pedunculate
cyme. Flowers bisexual
, actinomorphic
; bract 3, deciduous or absent. Sepals 5, united
at the base
, eventually reflexed
. Petals 5, persistent
, imbricate. Stamens 10-20, alternating with 5, strap-shaped
staminodes, both monadelphous
at the base, anthers
parallel. Carpels 2-5, syncarpous
; ovary sessile, 2-5-loculed, each locule 2-3-ovuled; style simple
; stigmas 2-5, patent
. Capsule loculicidally dehiscent
, as many loculed as ovary, locules 1-2-seeded. Seeds endospermic
.
A large genus of c.
350 species, mainly centered in Africa and Madagascar. Introduced
and cultivated in other countries. Represented in Pakistan by 5 cultivated species.[2]
Taxonomy
- Domain:
Eukaryota
(
)
- Whittaker & Margulis,1978
- eukaryotes
- Kingdom:
Plantae
(
)
- Haeckel, 1866
- Plants
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
(
)
- Cavalier-Smith, 1981
- Phylum:
Tracheophyta
(
)
- Sinnott, 1935 ex Cavalier-Smith, 1998
- Vascular Plants
- Subphylum:
Euphyllophytina
(
)
- Infraphylum:
Radiatopses
(
)
- Kenrick & Crane, 1997
- Class:
Magnoliopsida
(
)
- Brongniart, 1843
- Dicotyledons
- Subclass:
Rosidae
(
)
- Takhtajan, 1967
- Superorder:
Malvanae
(
)
- Takhtajan, 1967
- Order:
Malvales
(
)
- Dumortier, 1829
- Family:
Malvaceae
(
)
- A.L. de Jussieu, 1789, nom. cons.
- mallows, mauves
- Subfamily:
Dombeyoideae
(
)
- Subfamily:
Dombeyoideae
(
- Family:
Malvaceae
(
- Order:
Malvales
(
- Superorder:
Malvanae
(
- Subclass:
Rosidae
(
- Class:
Magnoliopsida
(
- Infraphylum:
Radiatopses
(
- Subphylum:
Euphyllophytina
(
- Phylum:
Tracheophyta
(
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
(
- Kingdom:
Plantae
(
Notes
Publishing author : Ar?nes Publication : Candollea xvi. 397 (1958).
Similar Species
Members of the genus Dombeya
ZipcodeZoo has pages for 8 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus:
D. acutangula (Bois Bete) · D. cacuminum (Strawberry Snowball) · D. rotundifolia (Wild Pear) · D. rubifolia (Rosemound) · D. wallichii (Dombea) · D. wallichii 'Variegata' (Pink-Ball) · D. x seminole (Tropical Rose Hydrangea) · D. 'Seminole' (Tropical Rose Hydrangea)
More Info
- Search for Pictures: images.google.com
- Search for Scholarly Articles: Google Scholar
- Search using Scientific Name and Vernacular Names: All the Web | AltaVista Canada | AltaVista | Excite | Google | HotBot | Lycos
- Search using Specialized Databases: GenBank | Medline | Scirus | CISTI/CAL | Agricola Periodicals | Agricola Books
Further Reading
- Feng Kuo-mei. 1984. Malvaceae. In: Feng Kuo-mei, ed., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 49(2): 1-102.
Notes
Contributors
- Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 15, 2012.
Data Sources
Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 23, 2007:
- Missouri Botanical Garden, Missouri Botanical Garden
Identifiers
- Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 8463154
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 15869060
- Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:823190-1
- International Plant Names Index (IPNI) ID: 823190-1
- Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 1416505
Footnotes
- Ya Tang, Michael G. Gilbert & Laurence J. Dorr "Malvaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 12 Page 240, 264,299, 302. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
- "Dombeya". in Flora of Pakistan Page 2. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
