Diphyscium foliosum

• Common Names
• Description
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Common Names

Description

Family Buxbaumiaceae

Plants microscopic, annual or perennial from persistent protonema. Archegoniate plants composed of a perichaetium of a few, mainly non-chlorophyllose ecostate leaves that enclose very few archegonia. Antheridial plants reduced to a 1-stratose, 2-lipped structure enclosing a single spherical antheridium, arising from a short branch of the protonema. Seta elongate . Capsule usually obliquely oriented, upper face flat or bulging and often distinguished from lower face by a perimeter ridge , broadly ovate to lance-cylindric; operculum conic, nearly perpendicular to upper face of capsule; peristome with endostome 16-pleated, a hyaline cone, exostome of one or more rows of articulated teeth, irregular in number, sometimes rudimentary . Calyptra smooth , conic, barely covering operculum, early deciduous.

Genus 1, species 12 (4 in the flora ) : widely distributed in temperate to subtropical regions of the Northern Hemisphere, scattered in the tropics, Pacific Islands (New Zealand), Australia.[1]

Genus Diphyscium

Plants gregarious , forming compact short turf . Leaves lingulate , costate , 1-2-stratose, distal cells chlorophyllose, quadrate to isodiametric, thick-walled and papillose or mammillose or smooth , proximal cells rectangular, hyaline , smooth. Perigonial leaves similar to vegetative leaves, except that interior are reduced and enclose paraphyses, axillary hairs , elongate antheridia. Perichaetial leaves long-awned with awn smooth or spinulose , awn often longer than lamina, with laminal apex lacerate and ciliate , when without sporangium strongly imbricate and penicellate, enclosing paraphyses, axillary hairs, few archegonia. Calyptra conic, barely covering operculum .

Species 12: North America, Mexico, West Indies, Central America, s South America, Europe, Asia, Atlantic Islands (Azores, Madeira ), Pacific Islands, Australia.

Diphyscium is the most widespread genus in the family and is mainly temperate to subtropical . It is sufficiently distinctive and unlikely to be confused with any other genus in North America if perichaetia or sporophytes are present. Vegetative material is superficially similar to that of the Pottiaceae, especially in leaf form and papillosity. Fortunately, perichaetia and sporophytes are frequent in the eastern range of the genus, while turf firmly cemented by rhizoids is a trait not shared by Pottiaceae in the same range.[2]

Physical Description

Habitat

Soil banks and soil of forest floors, also in tundras ; low to moderate elevations (50-1000 m )[3].

Taxonomy

Unambiguous Synonyms

1. Buxbaumia foliosa Hedwig, Sp. Musc. Frond. , 166. 1801

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name . Latest taxonomic scrutiny: 19-Jul-2004

Similar Species

Members of the genus Diphyscium

There are approximately 27 species in this genus:

D. buckii · D. chiapense · D. chiapense subsp. unipapillosum · D. cumberlandianum (Cumberland Diphyscium Moss) · D. domingense · D. falcifolium · D. fasciculatum · D. fendleri · D. foliosum (Diphyscium Moss) · D. fulvifolium · D. granulosum · D. involutum · D. longifolium · D. lorifolium · D. mucronifolium · D. perminutum · D. peruvianum · D. pocsii · D. rhynchophorum · D. rotundatifolium · D. rupestre · D. satoi · D. sessile · D. submarginatum · D. suzukii · D. ulei · D. unipapillosum

More Info

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Further Reading

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• Acta Soc. pro Fauna et Flora Fennica. Helsinki, Societas. ENG url p. 10, p. 64.
• Allgemeine botanische Zeitschrift f�r Systematik, Floristik, Pflanzengeographie etc. Karlsruhe: J.J. Reiff, 1895-1928. GER url p. 177.
• Anales de la Sociedad Espa�ola de Historia Natural. Madrid: La Sociedad, ENG url p. 197.
• Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien. Wien, Naturhistorisches Museum [etc.] GER url p. 199.
• Annales de la Socit belge de microscopie. Bruxelles: H. Manceaux, 1875-1907. FRE url p. 671.
• Archiv f�r Naturgeschichte. Berlin: Nicolai, 1835- GER url p. 244.
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• Handbok i Skandinaviens flora: innefattande sveriges och norges v�xter, till och med mossorna / af C.J. Hartman. Stockholm: Z. Haeggstr�m, 1864. SWE url p. 45.
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• I, p. XXII.
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Notes

Contributors

• Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-2005. Systema Naturae 2000. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. [http://sn2000.taxonomy.nl/Taxonomicon/]. Access date: Nov 23, 2005
• "Diphyscium foliosum". in Flora of North America Vol. 27 Page 163, 164. Published by Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed February 27, 2008. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 11 providers.
• Moss TROPICOS DatabaseJul 1, 2004.
• Moss TROPICOS: the World Checklist of Mosses
• MOST: Moss TROPICOS Database
• USDA, NRCS. 2005. The PLANTS Database, Version 3.5 (http://plants.usda.gov). National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70874-4490 USA.

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal February 27, 2008:

• Australian National Herbarium (CANB)
• Canadian Museum of Nature: Canadian Museum of Nature Herbarium
• Comisión nacional para el conocimiento y uso de la biodiversidad: Herbario del Instituto de Ecología, A.C., México (IE-XAL)
• European Environment Agency: EUNIS
• GBIF-Sweden: Herbarium of Oskarshamn (OHN)
• GBIF-Sweden: Mosses (S)
• Icelandic Institute of Natural History: Herbarium (AMNH)
• Icelandic Institute of Natural History: Herbarium (ICEL)
• Missouri Botanical Garden
• Natural History Museum, University of Oslo: Bryophyte herbarium, Bergen (BG)
• Natural History Museum, University of Oslo: Bryophyte herbarium, Oslo (O)
• The New York Botanical Garden: American Bryophyte Catalog
• UK National Biodiversity Network: British Bryological Society - Bryophyte data for Great Britain from the British Bryological Society held by BRC
• UK National Biodiversity Network: British Bryological Society - Bryophyte data for Great Britain held by BRC for compilation
• UNIBIO, IBUNAM: MEXU/Colección de Briofitas
• University Museums of Norway (MUSIT)

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 3872750
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: MOS-35132303
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13535034
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 16616
• U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: DIFO3
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 35698

Footnotes

1. Wilfred B. Schofield "Buxbaumiaceae". in Flora of North America Vol. 27 Page 118. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
2. "Diphyscium". in Flora of North America Vol. 27 Page 162, 163. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
3. "Diphyscium foliosum". in Flora of North America Vol. 27 Page 163, 164. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]

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