Interesting Facts
- This elongated, astringent fruit is regarded as the best-tasting of all oriental persimmons. Great for fresh eating, baking, jellies, and preserves.
- The original tree in Japan is over 600 years old.
Common Names
Click on the language to view common names.
Common Names in Chinese:
Shi, Shi Zi
Common Names in English:
Chinese Persimmon, Japanese Kaki, Japanese Persimmon, Kaki, Kaki Persimmon, Oriental Persimmon, Saijo Persimmon, Sharon Fruit
Common Names in French:
Kaki, Plaqueminier, Plaqueminier De Chine, Plaqueminier Du Japon, Rague Mine
Common Names in German:
Kaki, Kakibaum, Kakipflaume
Common Names in Japanese:
Kaki, Kakinoki
Common Names in Korean:
Kamnamu
Common Names in Malay:
Buah Kaki, Buah Kesemek, Buah Samak, Kesemek (Indonesia), Pisang Kaki
Common Names in Malaysia:
Pisang Kaki
Common Names in Russian:
Churma Vostočnaja, Kaki, Khurma Iaponskaia, Khurma Kaki, цхурма восточная
Common Names in Spanish:
Caqui, Kaki, Kaki Del Japón, Placa Minera, Sapote Chino
Common Names in Thai:
Phlap Chin
Description
Family Ebenaceae
Trees
or erect
shrubs
, occasionally with spine-tipped branchlets
. Leaves alternate, rarely opposite, entire; stipules absent. Flowers actinomorphic
, usually unisexual
, dioecious, or polygamous, rarely bisexual
. Male flowers often in cymes, sometimes in clusters
or solitary; pistil rudimentary
or absent. Female flowers often solitary, axillary
, imperfect or without stamens. Calyx 3--7-lobed, persistent
and often becoming enlarged in female or bisexual flowers; lobes
abutting or overlapping in bud. Corolla 3--7-lobed; lobes convolute, rarely overlapping or abutting. Stamens hypogynous or at bottom
of corolla, 2--4 X
as many as corolla lobes, rarely as many as corolla lobes and alternate with them; filaments
free
or united
in pairs. Ovary superior, 2--16-locular; ovules 1 or 2 per locule. Styles 2--8, free or basally united; stigma entire or 2-lobed. Fruit a ± fleshy
berry, with few to several seeds. Seeds usually oblong
; endosperm sometimes ruminate
; hilum
small.
Three genera and ca.
500 species: mostly in the tropics; one genus and 60 species (43 endemic) in China.[1]
Genus Diospyros
Trees
or shrubs
, deciduous or evergreen
. Terminal
buds absent. Branchlet
tips
sometimes forming a spine. Leaves alternate, occasionally minutely translucent
dotted
or with gland
pits. Flowers dioecious or polygamous. Male flowers in axillary
cymes, usually on basal part of current
year's branchlets, deciduous soon after anthesis
; stamens 4 to numerous
, often paired
and forming 2 whorls; ovary rudimentary
. Female flowers usually solitary, axillary; staminodes 1--16 or absent; stigma often 2-cleft. Calyx usually 3--5(--7) -lobed, sometimes truncate
. Corolla urn-shaped, campanulate
, or tubular
, 3--5(--7) -lobed, deciduous. Berries
fleshy
to somewhat leathery, usually with an enlarged persistent
calyx. Seeds 1--10(or more), often laterally compressed
.
About 485 species: pantropical
and extending into temperate regions
; 60 species in China, most abundant in SE and SW China, several incompletely known and of uncertain status. [2]
Physical Description
Species Diospyros kaki
Trees , to 27 m tall, deciduous. Young branchlets densely pubescent to glabrous , sometimes with reddish brown lenticels . Winter buds small, blackish. Petiole 0.8--2 cm; leaf blade lanceolate, elliptic , or ovate , occasionally obovate , 5--18 X 2.6--9 cm, papery , pubescent when young drying brown, adaxially often glabrescent when mature and paler with dark veinlets , base cuneate, subtruncate, or rarely cordate, apex usually acuminate, lateral veins 5--7 per side, reticulate veinlets clearly defined, flat, and dark. Male flowers small, in 3--5-flowered cymes; calyx ± as long as corolla, hairy on both sides, lobes 4; corolla white, yellowish white, or red, 6--10 mm; stamens (14--) 16--24. Female flowers solitary; calyx 3 cm or more in diam., lobes 4; corolla usually yellowish white, campanulate , (0.9--) 1--1.6 cm, lobes recurved and ovate; staminodes 8(--16) ; ovary glabrous or pubescent. Fruiting calyx 3--4 cm in diam. Berries yellow to orange, flattened globose to ovoid but usually globose, 2--8.5 cm in diam., 8-locular, glabrescent. Seeds dark brown, 13--16 X 7.5--9 X 4--5 mm. Fl. May-Jun, fr. Sep-Oct. [source]
Habit: Deciduous.
Flowers: Bloom Period: March. • Flower Color: cream, inconspicuous, none, pale pink, tan
Size/Age/Growth
Size: 20-30' tall.
Habitat
Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 1,952 meters (0 to 6,404 feet).[3]
Biology
Growth
Culture: Space 20-30' apart.
Soil: Minimum pH: 6.6 • Maximum pH: 7.5
Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Full Sun .
Moisture: Drought Tolerance: High
Temperature: Cold Hardiness: 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b. (map)
Taxonomy
- Domain:
Eukaryota
(
)
- Whittaker & Margulis,1978
- eukaryotes
- Kingdom:
Plantae
(
)
- Haeckel, 1866
- Plants
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
(
)
- Cavalier-Smith, 1981
- Phylum:
Tracheophyta
(
)
- Sinnott, 1935 Ex Cavalier-Smith, 1998
- Vascular Plants
- Subphylum:
Euphyllophytina
(
)
- Infraphylum:
Radiatopses
(
)
- Kenrick & Crane, 1997
- Class:
Magnoliopsida
(
)
- Brongniart, 1843
- Dicotyledons
- Subclass:
Dilleniidae
(
)
- Takhtajan, 1967
- Superorder:
Primulanae
(
)
- R. Dahlgren Ex Reveal, 1996
- Order:
Styracales
(
)
- Burnett, 1835
- Order:
Styracales
(
- Superorder:
Primulanae
(
- Subclass:
Dilleniidae
(
- Class:
Magnoliopsida
(
- Infraphylum:
Radiatopses
(
- Subphylum:
Euphyllophytina
(
- Phylum:
Tracheophyta
(
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
(
- Kingdom:
Plantae
(
Unambiguous Synonyms
- Diospyros discolor Willd.
- Diospyros philippensis (Desr.) Guerke
Notes
Name
Status: Accepted Name
. Latest taxonomic
scrutiny: 15-Mar-2000
Place of publication
: Nova Acta Regiae Soc. Sci. Upsal. 3:208. 1780
Name verified on 06-Jun-1995 by ARS Systematic Botanists. Last updated: 28-Jan-2007
Similar Species
Members of the genus Diospyros
ZipcodeZoo has pages for 943 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:
D. abyssinica · D. abyssinica subsp. chapmaniorum · D. abyssinica subsp. reticulata · D. acapulcensis · D. acocksii · D. acreana · D. acris · D. aculeata · D. acuminata · D. acunae · D. acuta · D. adenophora · D. adiensis · D. aequoris · D. affinis · D. aggregata · D. ahernii · D. aifatensis · D. akaraiensis · D. alata · D. alatella · D. albens · D. albiflora · D. alboflavescens · D. alpina · D. amaniensis · D. amara · D. amazonica · D. ambigua · D. amboinensis · D. amisandra · D. amoena · D. amplexicaulis · D. ampullacea · D. analamerensis · D. anceps · D. andamanica · D. andersonii · D. angulata (Bois D'bne Feuilles) · D. angustifolia · D. anisandra · D. anisocalyx · D. anitae · D. ankifiensis · D. anosivolensis · D. anzoateguiensis · D. apeibacarpos · D. apiculata · D. araripensis · D. areolata · D. areolifolia · D. argentea · D. argyi · D. armata · D. artanthaefolia · D. artanthifolia · D. arupaj · D. assimilis · D. atra · D. atrata · D. atropurpurea · D. atrotricha · D. attenuata · D. aurea · D. auriculata · D. australis (Black-Plum) · D. austro-africana · D. austro-africana de · D. austroafricana · D. balansae · D. balfouriana · D. bambuseti · D. bangoiensis · D. bangueyensis · D. bantamensis · D. baranensis · D. barberi · D. baroniana · D. barteri · D. batocana · D. baumii · D. beccarii · D. bejaudii · D. bemarivensis · D. benstonei · D. bequaertii · D. bernieri · D. bernieriana · D. bezofensis · D. bibracteata · D. bicolor · D. bipindensis · D. blancoi (Velvet Persimmon) · D. blepharophylla · D. blumutensis · D. boala · D. bodinieri · D. boivini · D. borbonica · D. borneensis
More Info
- Search for Pictures: images.google.com
- Search for Scholarly Articles: Google Scholar
- Search using Scientific Name and Vernacular Names: All the Web | AltaVista Canada | AltaVista | Excite | Google | HotBot | Lycos
- Search using Specialized Databases: GenBank | Medline | Scirus | CISTI/CAL | Agricola Periodicals | Agricola Books
Further Reading
- Chinese Academy of Sciences. 1959–. Flora reipublicae popularis sinicae. (F China)
- Hara, H. et al. 1978–1982. An enumeration of the flowering plants of Nepal. (L Nepal)
- Huxley, A., ed. 1992. The new Royal Horticultural Society dictionary of gardening. (Dict Gard)
- Iwatsuki, K. et al. 1993–. Flora of Japan. (F Japan)
- Lazarides, M. & B. Hince. 1993. CSIRO Handbook of Economic Plants of Australia. (Econ Pl Aust)
- Markle, G. M. et al., eds. 1998. Food and feed crops of the United States, ed. 2. (Food Feed Crops US)
- Meyer, F. G. et al. 1994. A catalog of cultivated woody plants of the southeastern United States. (L CultWPl SE US)
- Porcher, M. H. et al. Searchable World Wide Web Multilingual Multiscript Plant Name Database (MMPND) - on-line resource. (Pl Names)
- Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants. (Dict Rehm)
- Terrell, E. E. et al. 1986. Agric. Handb. no. 505. (AH 505)
- Verheij, E. W. M. & R. E. Coronel, eds. 1991. Edible fruits and nuts. Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA). (Pl Res SEAs) 2:154.
- Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994–. Flora of China (English edition). (F ChinaEng)
- Li Shu-gang (as Lee Shu-kang). 1987. Ebenaceae. Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 60(1): 84-154.
Notes
Contributors
- Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 and ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
- Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-2006. Systema Naturae 2000. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Accessed April 19, 2007.
- "Diospyros kaki". in Flora of China Vol. 15 Page 225. Published by Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed November 23, 2007. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 13 providers.
- USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. URL (April 27, 2008)
Data Sources
Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 23, 2007:
- Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum, Bishop Museum Natural History Specimen Data
- GBIF-Spain, Jardín Botánico de Córdoba: Herbarium COA
- Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad
- , Biodiversidad de Costa Rica
- International Plant Genetic Resources Institute(IPGRI), EURISCO
- Missouri Botanical Garden, Missouri Botanical Garden
- National Science Museum of Korea, National Science Museum of Korea Plant
- US National Plant Germplasm System, United States National Plant Germplasm System Collection
Identifiers
- Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2670005
- Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-505970
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13763575
- Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:322555-1
- GRIN Nomen Number: 14293
- Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 505970
- International Plant Names Index (IPNI) ID: 927508-1
- U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: DIKA2
- Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 34741
Footnotes
- Shugang Li, Michael G. Gilbert & Frank White "Ebenaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 15 Page 215. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
- "Diospyros". in Flora of China Vol. 15 Page 215. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
- Mean = 702.060 meters (2,303.346 feet), Standard Deviation = 727.380 based on 16 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]
