Description
Family Annonaceae
Trees
, shrubs
, rarely woody vines
, deciduous or evergreen
, with aromatic
bark
, leaves, and flowers. Pith
septate
to diaphragmed
. Leaves alternate, simple
, without stipules, petiolate
. Leaf blade
pinnately veined, unlobed, margins
entire
. Inflorescences axillary
to leaf scars
on old wood
or to leaves on new shoots
, solitary flowers or few-flowered fascicles, pedunculate
; bracts or bracteoles present or absent. Flowers bisexual
, rarely unisexual
; receptacle becoming enlarged, elevated
or flat; perianth hypogynous, segments valvate
or imbricate; sepals persistent
, (2-) 3(-4), distinct
or basally connate
; petals either 6 in 2 unequal whorls of 3 with petals of outer whorl larger, petals of inner whorl fleshier than the outer, often with corrugate nectary
zone, or petals 6-12(-15), nearly equal or unequal, veins impressed
on inner face
; stamens 10-20 or very numerous
, hypogynous, spirally arranged
, forming ball
or flat-topped mass; filament
short, stout; anther
linear
to oblong-linear, extrorse
, longitudinally dehiscent
; connective
apically elongate
, connivent; pistils 1-many, superior, 1-carpellate, 1-locular, distinct or connate to various degrees
with at least stigmas distinct; placentation marginal
, placenta 1; ovules 1-many per pistil; style
short, thick; stigma terminal
. Fruits berries
, distinct, 1-8(-12) per flower, or coalescent
, forming syncarps, 1 per flower. Seeds 1-many per pistil, arillate
; endosperm ruminate
, oily.
Genera ca.
128, species ca. 2300 (3 genera, 12 sp: mostly circumtropical
.
The family
has particular importance in the tropics because of the edible syncarps of some species of Annona ; in the eastern United
States the fruit of Asimina triloba (pawpaw) was once much gathered and appreciated. Programs in breeding from selected stock of Asimina have been undertaken (G. A. Zimmerman 1941).
Currently, the Pawpaw Foundation is intensively researching means to develop commercially marketable fruits. Recent studies of the chemical properties of Asimina reveal its pesticidal possibilities, and its potential as an anticancer agent (E. M.
Norman, pers. comm.
) The warm-climate genera Cananga, Rollinia, and Artabotrys have been used as ornamentals
.Robert Kral "Annonaceae". in Flora of North America Vol. 3. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
Taxonomy
- Domain:
Eukaryota
(
)
- Whittaker & Margulis,1978
- Kingdom:
Plantae
(
)
- Haeckel, 1866
- Plants
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
(
)
- Cavalier-Smith, 1981
- Phylum:
Magnoliophyta
(
)
- Sinnott, 1935 Ex Cavalier-Smith, 1998
- Flowering Plants
- Subphylum:
Euphyllophytina
(
)
- Infraphylum:
Radiatopses
(
)
- Kenrick & Crane, 1997
- Class:
Magnoliopsida
(
)
- Brongniart, 1843
- Dicotyledons
- Subclass:
Magnoliidae
(
)
- Novák Ex Takhtajan, 1967
- Superorder:
Magnolianae
(
)
- Takhtajan, 1967
- Order:
Annonales
(
)
- Lindley, 1833
- Family:
Annonaceae
(
)
- Adans., 1763, Nom. Cons.
- Custard-apple family
- Genus:
Desmos
(
)
- Specific epithet:
lomentaceus
- (Finet & Gagnep.) P.T.Li
- Botanical name: - Desmos lomentaceus (Finet & Gagnep.) P.T.Li
- Specific epithet:
lomentaceus
- (Finet & Gagnep.) P.T.Li
- Genus:
Desmos
(
- Family:
Annonaceae
(
- Order:
Annonales
(
- Superorder:
Magnolianae
(
- Subclass:
Magnoliidae
(
- Class:
Magnoliopsida
(
- Infraphylum:
Radiatopses
(
- Subphylum:
Euphyllophytina
(
- Phylum:
Magnoliophyta
(
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
(
- Kingdom:
Plantae
(
Similar Species
Members of the genus Desmos
There are approximately 51 species in this genus:
D. cambodicus · D. caudatus · D. chinensis (Dwarf Ylang Ylang Shrub) · D. chinensis var. brevifolius · D. chinensis var. laevigatus · D. chinensis var. lawii · D. chinensis var. macropetalus · D. chinensis var. pubescens · D. chryseus · D. cochinchinensis (Dwarf Ylang Ylang Shrub) · D. cochinchinensis var. fulvescells · D. cochinchinensis var. fulvescens · D. conchyliatus · D. costatus · D. crinitus · D. desmanthus · D. dinhensis · D. dinnensis · D. dubius · D. dumosus · D. elegans · D. elmeri · D. evrardii · D. goezeanus · D. grandifolius · D. jambosifolius · D. lomentaceus · D. macrocalyx · D. macrocarpus · D. pedunculosus · D. pedunculosus var. lonkinensis · D. pedunculosus var. tonkinensis · D. polycarpus · D. praecox · D. purpuratus · D. robinsonii · D. rostrata · D. rostratus · D. saccopetaloides · D. sessiliflorus · D. sootepense · D. sootepensis · D. stenopetalus · D. subbiglandulosus · D. teysmannii · D. verrucosus · D. viridiflorus · D. wardianus · D. wrayi · D. yunnanensis · D. zeylanicus
Bibliography
- Fries, R. E. 1939. Revision der Arten einiger Annonaceen-Gattungen. Acta Horti Berg. 12(3): 289-577.
- Fries, R. E. 1931. Revision der Arten einiger Annonaceen-Gattungen. Acta Horti Berg. 10: 1-341.
- Fries, R. E. 1934. Revision der Arten einiger Annonaceen-Gattungen. Acta Horti Berg. 12(1): 1-220.
- Hutchinson, J. 1923. Contributions toward a phylogenetic classification of flowering plants. II. The genera of Annonaceae. Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew: 241-261.
- Kral, R. 1960. A revision of Asimina and Deeringothamnus (Annonaceae). Brittonia 12(4): 233-278.
- Rusby, H. H. 1935. The custard-apple family in Florida. J. New York Bot. Gard. 36: 233-239.
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Notes
Identifiers
- Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 10499346
- International Plant Names Index (IPNI) ID: 997657-1
- Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 3794569
