Dendropanax arboreus

• Interesting Facts
• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Click on the language to view common names.

Description

Family Araliaceae

Trees or shrubs , sometimes woody vines with aerial roots , rarely perennial herbs, hermaphroditic , andromonoecious or dioecious, often with stellate indumentum or more rarely simple trichomes or bristles , with or without prickles, secretory canals present in most parts. Leaves alternate, rarely opposite (never in Chinese taxa), simple and often palmately lobed , palmately compound , or 1-3-pinnately compound , usually crowded toward apices of branches, base of petiole often broad and sheathing stem, stipules absent or forming a ligule or membranous border of petiole. Inflorescence terminal or pseudo-lateral (by delayed development), umbellate , compound-umbellate, racemose, racemose-umbellate, or racemose-paniculate, ultimate units usually umbels or heads , occasionally racemes or spikes, flowers rarely solitary; bracts usually present, often caducous , rarely foliaceous . Flowers bisexual or unisexual , actinomorphic . Pedicels often jointed below ovary and forming an articulation . Calyx absent or forming a low rim , sometimes undulate or with short teeth. Corolla of (3-) 5(-20) petals, free or rarely united , mostly valvate , sometimes imbricate. Stamens usually as many as and alternate with petals, sometimes numerous , distinct , inserted at edge of disk; anthers versatile, introrse , 2-celled (or 4-celled in some non-Chinese taxa), longitudinally dehiscent . Disk epigynous, often fleshy , slightly depressed to rounded or conic, sometimes confluent with styles. Ovary inferior (rarely secondarily superior in some non-Chinese taxa), (1 or) 2-10(to many) -carpellate; carpels united, with as many locules; ovules pendulous, 2 per locule, 1 abortive ; styles as many as carpels, free or partially united, erect or recurved, or fully united to form a column; stigmas terminal or decurrent on inner face of styles, or sessile on disk, circular to elliptic and radiating. Fruit a drupe or berry, terete or sometimes laterally compressed , occasionally vertically compressed , exocarp fleshy; pyrenes cartilaginous or membranous, often laterally compressed. Seeds 1 per pyrene, embryo small, endosperm uniform or ruminate .

About 50 genera and 1350 species: widespread in tropical and subtropical regions of both hemispheres, much less diverse in temperate areas; 23 genera (two endemic, one introduced ) and 180 species (82 endemic, seven introduced) in China.

Chinese genera of economic importance include Aralia, Eleutherococcus, Heteropanax, Panax, and Tetrapanax (medicinal), Hedera (ornamental ), Fatsia and Schefflera (medicinal and ornamental), and Kalopanax (timber) .

Recent phylogenetic studies (Plunkett and Lowry, Molec. Phylogen. Evol. 19: 259-276. 2001; Wen et al. , Syst. Bot. 26: 144-167. 2001; Chandler and Plunkett, Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 144: 123-147. 2004; Mitchell and Wen, Taxon 53: 29-41. 2004; Plunkett et al., S. Afr. J. Bot. 70: 371-381. 2004) have shown that Hydrocotyle Linnaeus belongs to Araliaceae, despite being traditionally included in Apiaceae (see Fl. China 14: 14-18. 2005) .

Diplopanax Handel-Mazzetti was at one time placed in Araliaceae but is now regarded as a member of Mastixiaceae (see Fl. China 14: 231-232. 2005) .[1]

Genus Dendropanax

Trees or shrubs , evergreen , hermaphroditic or andromonoecious, unarmed , glabrous . Leaves simple or palmately 2- or 3(-5) -lobed, often with yellow or red glandular punctae (glands sometimes evident only under transmitted light), margins entire or with few irregular teeth; stipules small and united or absent. Inflorescence a terminal simple umbel, a small raceme of umbels, or a compound umbel. Pedicels not articulate below ovary. Calyx entire or 5-toothed. Petals 5, valvate . Stamens 5. Ovary (2-) 5-carpellate; styles distinct or united basally or throughout into a column. Fruit a drupe. Seeds laterally compressed ; endosperm uniform .

About 80 species: tropical America, E Asia.[2]

Physical Description

Habitat

Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 4,936 meters (0 to 16,194 feet).[3]

Biology

Reproduction

Duration: Perennial

Growth

Culture: Space 30-40' apart.

Taxonomy

Synonyms

Aralia arborea L. • Aralia fruticosa Sessé & Moç. • Aralia tuxtlensis Sessé & Moç. • Dendropanax alaris (Schltdl.) Decne. & Planch. • Dendropanax brachypodus (Urb.) R. C. Schneid. • Dendropanax concinnus (Standl.) Lundell • Dendropanax insularis (Rose) R. C. Schneid. • Dendropanax juergensenii Seem. • Dendropanax langeanus Marchal Ex Standl. • Dendropanax matudai (Lundell) A. C. Sm. • Dendropanax monticolus Standl. • Dendropanax samydifolius (C. Wright Ex Griseb.) Seem. • Dendropanax schippii (A. C. Sm.) A. C. Sm. • Dendropanax stenodontus (Standl.) A. C. Sm. • Erithalis pentagonia Dc. • Gilibertia alaris (Schltdl.) I. M. Johnst. • Gilibertia arborea (L.) Marchal Ex T. Durand & Pittier • Gilibertia brachypoda Urb. • Gilibertia concinna Standl. • Gilibertia eurycarpa I. M. Johnst. • Gilibertia insularis Rose • Gilibertia juergensenii (Seem.) Standl. • Gilibertia langeana Marchal • Gilibertia matudai Lundell • Gilibertia rothschuhii Harms • Gilibertia samydifolia (C. Wright Ex Griseb.) Marchal • Gilibertia schippii A. C. Sm. • Gilibertia smithiana I. M. Johnst. • Gilibertia stenocarpa Donn. Sm. • Gilibertia stenodonta Standl. • Hedera alaris Schltdl. • Hedera arborea (L.) Sw. • Schefflera arborea< /i> (L.) M. Gómez • Sciodaphyllum arboreum (L.) C. L. Hitchc. • Sciodaphyllum jacquinii Griseb. • Sciodaphyllum samydifolium C. Wright Ex Griseb.

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name .

Last scrutiny: 11-Nov-2003

Similar Species

Members of the genus Dendropanax

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 4 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus:

D. arboreus (Angelica Tree) · D. laurifolius (Dendropanax) · D. morbifera (Korean Dendropanax) · D. trifidus (Dendropanax)

More Info

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Further Reading

• Agricultural development in Clear Creek: adaptive strategies and economic roles in a Dominican settlement / by Robert Wendell Werge. 1975. url p. 74.
• An annotated catalogue of types of the University of Illinois mycological collections (ILL) / Urbana: University of Illinois Press, c1997. url p. 101, p. 170, p. 291.
• Britton, N. L. (ed.). North American flora. [New York]New York Botanical Garden. url p. 15, p. 16.
• Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). London: The Museum, 1951-1992. url p. 11, p. 17, p. 20, p. 5, p. 7.
• Common trees of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands / by Elbert L. Little, Jr., and Frank H. Wadsworth. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, 1964. url , p. 426, p. 535.
• Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 40 2000 Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1890- url p. 66.
• Contributions from the University of Michigan Herbarium. 9 1966 Ann Arbor: University Herbarium, University of Michigan, 1939- url p. 105, p. 116, p. 13, p. 19, p. 645, p. 69.
• Flora of Guatemala / Paul C. Standley and Louis O. Williams. 24 1966 Chicago, Ill.: Chicago Natural History Museum, 1966. url p. 5, fig. 2, page 6, p. 7, p. 8, p. vii.
• Flora of Peru / by J. Francis Macbride. 13 1959 Chicago, [Ill.]: Field Museum of Natural History, [1959] url p. 39, p. 40, p. 42.
• Garden and forest; a journal of horticulture, landscape art and forestry. New York: The Garden and forest publishing co., 1888-97. url p. 203.
• Gardens, wildlife densities, and subsistence hunting by Maya Indians in Quintana Roo, Mexico / 1993. url p. 271, p. 275, p. 278, p. 284, p. 30.
• Journal of ethnobiology. 14 1994 Flagstaff, Ariz.: Center for Western Studies, 1981- url p. 40, p. 62.
• Novon a journal of botanical nomenclature from the Missouri Botanical Garden. 8 1998 St. Louis, MO: Missouri Botanical Garden, url p. 89.
• Phytologia memoirs. Plainfield, N.J.: H.N. Moldenke and A.L. Moldenke, 1980- url p. 18, p. 222, p. 40, p. 70.
• Phytologia. Bronx Park, New York, H.A. Gleason and H.N. Moldenke, url p. 221.
• Publication / Institute of Social Anthropology. Washington: U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1944- url p. 324, p. 342.
• The Conservation Atlas of Tropical Forests: the Americas IUCN url p. 103.
• Tulane studies in zoology and botany. 17 1972 New Orleans: Tulane University, [1968- url p. 70.
• Hoo Gin & Tseng Chang-jiang. 1978. Araliaceae. Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 54: i-ix, 1-210.

Notes

Contributors

• Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 11, 2012.
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed June 04, 2007. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 2 providers.
• Ruggiero M., Gordon D., Bailly N., Kirk P., Nicolson D. (2011). The Catalogue of Life Taxonomic Classification, Edition 2, Part A. In: Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist (Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D., eds). DVD; Species 2000: Reading, UK.
• The International Plant Names Index. Accessed Jan 19, 2007.
• USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. URL (April 27, 2008)
• World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Release date: November 27, 2009

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 18, 2007:

• Biologiezentrum der Oberoesterreichischen Landesmuseen, Biologiezentrum Linz
• Botanical Research Institute of Texas, Andes to Amazon Biodiversity Program
• Comisión nacional para el conocimiento y uso de la biodiversidad, Banco Nacional de Germoplasma Vegetal, México
• Comisión nacional para el conocimiento y uso de la biodiversidad, Herbario del Instituto de Ecología, A.C., México
• Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden, Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden Virtual Herbarium Darwin Core format
• Herbarium of the University of Aarhus, The AAU Herbarium Database
• Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad
• , Biodiversidad de Costa Rica
• Missouri Botanical Garden, Missouri Botanical Garden

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2652707
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: Kew-60019
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 14263747
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:1133937-2
• GRIN Nomen Number: 102539
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 29387
• International Plant Names Index (IPNI) ID: 1133937-1
• U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: DEAR
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 34715

Footnotes

1. Qibai Xiang & Porter P. Lowry "Araliaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 13 Page 435. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
2. "Dendropanax". in Flora of China Vol. 13 Page 436, 437, 442. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
3. Mean = 492.730 meters (1,616.568 feet), Standard Deviation = 676.200 based on 830 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]

©2004-2012 David Stang. All rights reserved.