Interesting Facts
Common Names
Click on the language to view common names.
Common Names in Afrikaans:
Harige Stinkblaar
Common Names in English:
Angel´s-Trumpet, Devils Trumpet, Downy Thorn Apple, Downy Thorn-Apple, Downy Thornapple, Hindu Datura, Hindu Thorn-Apple, Horn of Plenty, Indian Apple, Indian-Apple, Jimson Weed, Prickly Datura, Pricklyburr, Sacred Datura, Thorn Apple, Thorn-Apple, Toloache
Common Names in French:
Datura Innocente
Common Names in Latin:
Folia Metel
Common Names in Portuguese:
Datura-Européia, Trombeta-Branca, Trombeteira-Branca
Common Names in Spanish:
Cacaito
Common Names in Spanish (Mex:
Toloache
Description
Family Solanaceae
Herbs, shrubs
, small trees
, or climbers
. Stems sometimes prickly, rarely thorny; hairs
simple
, branched, or stellate
, sometimes glandular
. Leaves alternate, solitary or paired
, simple or pinnately compound
, without stipules; leaf blade
entire, dentate
, lobed
, or divided
. Inflorescences terminal
, overtopped by continuing axes, appearing axillary
, extra-axillary
, or leaf opposed, often apparently umbellate
, racemose, paniculate
, clustered, or solitary flowers, rarely true cymes, sometimes bracteate
. Flowers mostly bisexual
, usually regular, 5-merous, rarely 4- or 6-9-merous. Calyx mostly lobed. Petals united
. Stamens as many as corolla lobes
and alternate with them, inserted
within corolla, all alike or 1 or more reduced; anthers
dehiscing longitudinally or by apical pores
. Ovary 2-5-locular; placentation mostly axile
; ovules usually numerous
. Style 1. Fruiting calyx often becoming enlarged, mostly persistent
. Fruit a berry or capsule. Seeds with copious
endosperm; embryo mostly curved
.
About 95 genera with 2300 species: best represented in western tropical
America, widespread in temperate
and tropical regions
; 20 genera (ten introduced
) and 101 species in China.
Some species of Solanaceae are known in China only by plants
cultivated in ornamental
or specialty gardens: Atropa belladonna Linnaeus, Cyphomandra betacea (Cavanilles) Sendtner, Brugmansia suaveolens (Willdenow) Berchtold & Presl, Nicotiana alata Link & Otto, and Solanum jasminoides Paxton.[1]
Genus Datura
Shrubs
or annual
or perennial
herbs; pubescence
of simple
sometimes glandular
hairs
. Leaves petiolate
; leaf blade
simple, entire or sinuate-dentate. Inflorescences solitary flowers in leaf axils
or in branch
forks; peduncle, bracts, and bracteoles absent. Flowers actinomorphic
, large. Pedicel often stout. Calyx long tubular
or cylindric
, often circumscissile near base
. Corolla elongated, funnelform
; lobes
sometimes cuspidate
. Anthers
mostly elongated, dehiscing longitudinally, included
. Ovary 2-4-locular. Fruit a dry capsule, 4-valved or irregularly dehiscent
, prickly or unarmed
, often subtended by remnants of persistent
calyx. Seeds numerous
, laterally compressed
; embryo curved
.
About 11 species: North and South America, three species in China.[2]
Physical Description
Species Datura inoxia
Herbs erect , 1-2 m tall, densely pubescent and glandular . Petiole 3-5 cm; leaf blade broadly ovate , 10-18 × 4-15 cm, membranous or felty, minutely tomentose , base rounded or obtuse , asymmetric , margin subentire , sinuate , or irregularly dentate , apex acute; veins 7-10 pairs. Flowers erect. Pedicel 1-5 cm. Calyx cylindric , 8-10 × 2-3 cm; lobes narrowly deltate, 1-2 cm, sometimes unequal. Corolla greenish proximally, white at apex, 15-18 cm; limb 7-10 cm in diam.; lobes mucronate at apex. Filaments ca. 5.5 cm; anthers 1-1.7 cm. Capsules deflexed , globose or ovoid , 3-4 cm in diam., densely armed with slender, subequal prickles, pubescent with white hairs , irregularly dehiscent at apex, subtended by remnants of persistent calyx. Seeds numerous , brown, discoid-reniform, 3-5 mm in diam. Fl. and fr. Jun-Sep. [source]
Habit: Forb/herb , Subshrub , Shrub
Flowers: Bloom Period: April, May, June, July, August, September. • Flower Color: lavender, near white, pale yellow, violet, white
Size/Age/Growth
Size: 24-36" tall.
Habitat
Near villages, roadsides, also cultivated; 300-600 m. [3].
Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 2,458 meters (0 to 8,064 feet).[4]
Biology
Reproduction
Duration: Annual
Growth
Culture: Space 18-24" apart.
Soil: Minimum pH: 6.1 • Maximum pH: 7.8
Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Sun to Partial Shade.
Temperature: Cold Hardiness: 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b, 10a, 10b, 11. (map)
Taxonomy
- Domain:
Eukaryota
(
)
- Whittaker & Margulis,1978
- eukaryotes
- Kingdom:
Plantae
()
- Haeckel, 1866
- Plants
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
()
- Cavalier-Smith, 1981
- Phylum:
Tracheophyta
()
- Sinnott, 1935 Ex Cavalier-Smith, 1998
- Vascular Plants
- Subphylum:
Euphyllophytina
()
- Infraphylum:
Radiatopses
()
- Kenrick & Crane, 1997
- Class:
Magnoliopsida
()
- Brongniart, 1843
- Dicotyledons
- Subclass:
Lamiidae
()
- Takhtajan Ex Reveal, 1992
- Superorder:
Solananae
()
- R. Dahlgren Ex Reveal, 1992
- Order:
Solanales
()
- Dumortier, 1829
- Family:
Solanaceae
()
- Adans., 1763, Nom. Cons.
- Potato Family
- Subfamily:
Solanoideae
()
- Subfamily:
Solanoideae
(
- Family:
Solanaceae
(
- Order:
Solanales
(
- Superorder:
Solananae
(
- Subclass:
Lamiidae
(
- Class:
Magnoliopsida
(
- Infraphylum:
Radiatopses
(
- Subphylum:
Euphyllophytina
(
- Phylum:
Tracheophyta
(
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
(
- Kingdom:
Plantae
(
Unambiguous Synonyms
- Datura fastuosa auct. non L.
- Datura metel auct. non L.
- Datura meteloides auct. p. p. non Dunal
Notes
Publishing author
: L. Publication
: Systema Naturae 1759 (May-Jun. 1759) Publishing author: Dunal Publication: Prodromus 1852 (10 May 1852) Publishing author: L. Publication: Sp.
Pl. 179 1753An accepted name
in the RHS Horticultural Database.
Name
Status: Accepted Name. Latest taxonomic
scrutiny: 15-Mar-2000
Place of publication: Gard. dict. ed. 8: Datura no. 5. 1768
Name verified on 16-Jun-1992 by ARS Systematic Botanists. Last updated: 26-Jul-2004
Similar Species
Members of the genus Datura
ZipcodeZoo has pages for 161 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:
D. acaulis · D. aegyptiaca · D. affinis · D. alba · D. albido-flava · D. albidoflava · D. albiflora · D. arborea (Maikoa) · D. arborea L. 'Chlorantha' · D. aurea · D. bernhardii · D. bernhardtii (Devils Trumpet) · D. bertolonii · D. bojeri · D. 'Brian R. Jack' · D. cabanesi · D. candida (Angel's Trumpet) · D. capensis · D. carthaginensis · D. ceratocaula (Devils Trumpet) · D. chlorantha · D. cornigera · D. cornucopia · D. cubensis · D. de-noteri · D. discolor (Desert Thorn Apple) · D. dolichocarpa · D. dubia · D. erinacea · D. 'Eryngium Blue' (Downy Thorn Apple) · D. eximia · D. fastuosa · D. fastuosa 'Double Golden' (Downy Thorn Apple) · D. fastuosa var. flaviflora · D. fastuosa var. varia · D. ferocissima · D. ferox · D. floribunda · D. frutescens · D. fruticosa · D. gardneri · D. gigantea · D. guayaquilensis · D. humilis · D. hummatu · D. hybrida · D. inermis (Smoooth Thorn-Apple) · D. innoxa · D. innoxia (Desert Thornapple) · D. innoxia Mill. var. innoxia Mill. · D. innoxia quinquecuspidata · D. inoxia (Angel´s-Trumpet) · D. inoxia 'Evening Fragrance' (Devils Trumpet) · D. inoxia inoxia (Downy Thornapple) · D. inoxia 'Missouri Marble' (Variegated Evening Trumpet) · D. insignis · D. knightii · D. kymatocarpa (Datura) · D. laevis · D. lanosa · D. leichhardtia pruinosa · D. leichhardtii (Leichhardt's Datura) · D. leichhardtii pruinosa · D. 'Lilac Le Fleur' (Common Thorn-Apple) · D. longifolia · D. loricata · D. lurida · D. macrocaulis · D. maxima · D. metaloides (Jimsonweed) · D. metel · D. meteloides · D. metel 'Alba' (Downy Thorn Apple) · D. metel 'Atropurpurea' · D. metel 'Aurea' (Downy Thorn Apple) · D. metel 'Ballerina Mixed' · D. metel 'Ballerina Purple' (Ballerina Purple Angel's Trumpet) · D. metel 'Ballerina White' · D. metel 'Ballerina Yellow' (Downy Thorn Apple) · D. metel 'Belle Blanche' (Downy Thorn Apple) · D. metel 'Black Currant Swirl' (Downy Thorn Apple) · D. metel 'Cherub' · D. metel 'Cornucopaea' (Downy Thorn Apple) · D. Metel 'D. Beej' · D. metel 'Double Cream' (Downy Thorn Apple) · D. metel 'Double Eryngium Blue' · D. metel 'Double Golden Queen' (Downy Thorn Apple) · D. metel 'Double Lavender' (Downy Thorn Apple) · D. metel 'Double Purple' (Downy Thorn Apple) · D. metel 'Double White Lady' (Downy Thorn Apple) · D. metel 'Double Yellow' · D. metel 'Flore Pleno' · D. metel 'Frilled Double Purple' (Downy Thorn Apple) · D. metel 'La Fleur Lilas' · D. metel 'Purple Petticoats' (Downy Thorn Apple) · D. metel 'Triple Purple' · D. metel 'Triple Yellow' (Downy Thorn Apple) · D. metel var. dentata · D. metel var. fastuosa (Downy Thorn Apple) · D. metel var. flaviflora
More Info
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Further Reading
- Botanical Museum leaflets, Harvard University. 18 1957-1959 Cambridge, Mass.: Botanical Museum, Harvard University, 1932- ENG url p. 245, p. 247.
- Brako, L. & J. L. Zarucchi (1993a): Catalogue of the flowering plants and gymnosperms of Peru
- Brako, L. & J. L. Zarucchi. 1993. Catalogue of the flowering plants and gymnosperms of Peru. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 45. (L Peru)
- Brako, L. and J. L. Zarucchi (1993a): Catalogue of the flowering plants and gymnosperms of Peru
- Bulletin of the Natural History Museum. Andover: Intercept. ENG url p. 15.
- Correll, D. S. & M. C. Johnston. 1970. Manual of the vascular plants of Texas. (F Tex)
- Davis, P. H., ed. 1965–1988. Flora of Turkey and the east Aegean islands. (F Turk) ["innoxia"].
- Duke, J. A. et al. 2002. CRC Handbook of medicinal herbs. (CRC MedHerbs ed2)
- Embryogenesis in plants. London, Methuen;[1955] ENG url p. 305, p. 306.
- Erhardt, W. et al. 2000. Zander: Handwörterbuch der Pflanzennamen, 16. Auflage. (Zander ed16)
- Exell, A. W. et al., eds. 1960–. Flora zambesiaca. (F Zamb)
- Flora of Guatemala / Johnnie L. Gentry, Paul C. Standley. Chicago, Ill.: Field Museum of Natural History, 1974. ENG url p. 38, p. 40, p. 41.
- Flora of Peru / by J. Francis Macbride. Chicago, [Ill.]: Field Museum of Natural History, [1962] ENG url p. 77, p. 79.
- Fosberg, F. R. 1959. Taxon 8:55.
- Gómez-Pompa, A. & V. Sosa, eds. 1978–. Flora de Veracruz. (F Veracruz)
- George, A. S., ed. 1980–. Flora of Australia, new ed. (F Aust) 29:193–194.
- Hammer, K. et al. 1983. Kulturpflanze 31:18.
- Henderson, L. 2001. Alien weeds and invasive plants: a complete guide to declared weeds and invaders in South Africa. Plant Protection Research Institute, Handbook 12. (Weeds SAfr 2001) ["innoxia"].
- Holm, L. et al. 1979. A geographical atlas of world weeds. (Atlas WWeed) ["innoxia"].
- Howard, R. 1974–1989. Flora of the lesser Antilles. (F LAnt)
- Huxley, A., ed. 1992. The new Royal Horticultural Society dictionary of gardening. (Dict Gard) ["innoxia"].
- Introduction to genetics and cytogenetics. New York, J. Wiley[1948] ENG url p. 524, p. 581.
- Jørgensen, P. M. & S. León-Yánez, eds. 1999. Catalogue of the vascular plants of Ecuador. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 75. (L Ecuador)
- Judd, Campbell, Kellog & Donoghue: Plant Systematics, a phylogenetic approach
- Judd, W.S., Campbell, C.S., Kellog, E.A. & Donoghue, M.J. (2002): Plant Systematics: a phylogenetic approach, Sinauer, Sunderland, Mass.
- Kartesz, J. T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. (L US Can ed2)
- Keay, R. W. J. & F. N. Hepper. 1953–1972. Flora of west tropical Africa, ed. 2. (F WT Afr) ["innoxia"].
- Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium. 1976. Hortus third. (Hortus 3)
- Macbride, J. F. et al., eds. 1936–1971. Flora of Peru.; new ser. 1980- (F Peru)
- Malezasdemexico. Malezas de México - on-line resource. (Malezas Mex)
- McGuffin, M. et al., eds. 2000. Herbs of commerce, ed. 2. (Herbs Commerce ed2)
- Merxmüller, H., ed. 1966–1972. Prodromus einer flora von Sudwestafrika. (F Namib) ["innoxia"].
- Munro, D. B. Canadian poisonous plants information system - on-line resource. (Can Poison Pl) ["innoxia"].
- Nuova flora analitica d'Italia, contenente la descrizione delle piante vascolari indigene inselvatichite e largamente coltivate in Italia, del dott. Adriano Fiori. Firenze, Tipografia di M. Ricci, 1923-29. ITA url p. 930.
- Rechinger, K. H., ed. 1963–. Flora iranica. (F Iran) ["innoxia"].
- Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants. (Dict Rehm) ["innoxia"].
- Shreve, F. & I. L. Wiggins. 1964. Vegetation and flora of the Sonoran desert. (F SonorDes)
- Standley, P. C. & J. A. Steyermark. 1946–1976. Flora of Guatemala. (F Guat)
- Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1964–1980. Flora europaea. (F Eur) ["innoxia"].
- Wiggins, I. L. 1980. Flora of Baja California. (F Baja)
- Willis, J. H. 1970–1972. A handbook to plants in Victoria. (F VictWillis) ["innoxia"].
- Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994–. Flora of China (English edition). (F ChinaEng)
Notes
Contributors
- Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
- Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-2006. Systema Naturae 2000. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Accessed October 5, 2006.
- Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-2007. Systema Naturae 2000. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Accessed March 24, 2007.
- "Datura inoxia". in Flora of China Vol. 17 Page 330. Published by Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed February 28, 2008. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 10 providers.
- The International Plant Names Index. Accessed Jan 19, 2007.
- USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. URL (April 26, 2008)
Data Sources
Accessed through GBIF Data Portal February 28, 2008:
- Arizona State University, International Institute for Species Exploration: Arizona State University Vascular Plant Herbarium
- Arizona State University, International Institute for Species Exploration: The Deaver Herbarium, Northern Arizona University
- Australian National Herbarium (CANB)
- Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum: Bishop Museum Natural History Specimen Data
- Comisión nacional para el conocimiento y uso de la biodiversidad: Herbario del Instituto de Ecología, A.C., México (IE-BAJÍO)
- Comisión nacional para el conocimiento y uso de la biodiversidad: Herbario del Instituto de Ecología, A.C., México (IE-XAL)
- GBIF-Spain: Jardín Botánico de Córdoba: Herbarium COA
- GBIF-Spain: Real Jardin Botanico (Madrid), Vascular Plant Herbarium (MA)
- GBIF-Spain: Univ. Herbarium SALAMANCA: SALA
- Herbarium of the University of Aarhus: The AAU Herbarium Database
- Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad (Costa Rica): Biodiversidad de Costa Rica
- Karl Franzens University of Graz, Insitute for Botany - Herbarium GZU: Herbarium GZU
- Missouri Botanical Garden
- National Herbarium of New South Wales: NSW herbarium collection
- Steiermärkisches Landesmuseum Joanneum - Herbarium GJO: Herbarium GJO
- UK National Biodiversity Network: Botanical Society of the British Isles - Vascular Plants Database
- University of Alabama Biodiversity and Systematics: Herbarium (UNA)
- USDA PLANTS: USDA PLANTS Database
- Utah State University: USU-UTC Specimen Database
Identifiers
- Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2666596
- Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-523935
- Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:815566-1
- GRIN Nomen Number: 13311
- Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 501974
- International Plant Names Index (IPNI) ID: 100558-3
- MoBot NameID: 29600687
- Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: PDSOL09040
- U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: DAME2
- Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 29442
Footnotes
- Zhi-Yun Zhang, Anmin Lu & William G. D'Arcy "Solanaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 17 Page 300. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
- "Datura". in Flora of China Vol. 17 Page 330. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
- "Datura inoxia". in Flora of China Vol. 17 Page 330. Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
- Mean = 626.440 meters (2,055.249 feet), Standard Deviation = 862.570 based on 116 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]
