Daphne laureola

• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Common Names

Click on the language to view common names.

Description

Family Thymelaeaceae

Shrubs or small trees , rarely herbs, evergreen or deciduous. Bark tough and fibrous . Leaves opposite or alternate, rarely some ternate , estipulate; blade simple , entire, pinnately veined, articulate at base . Plants mostly bisexual , sometimes dioecious. Inflorescences terminal or subterminal , less often axillary , sometimes on brachyblasts , sessile or pedunculate , basically racemose, sometimes capitate, spicate , umbelliform, or fascicled. Flowers usually actinomorphic , bisexual or unisexual (plants then mostly dioecious), bracteate (sometimes bracts forming an involucre) or ebracteate , sessile or pedicellate . Calyx tubular , campanulate , or infundibuliform , usually corollalike, 4- or 5(or 6) -merous, mostly caducous , sometimes circumscissile, or persistent ; lobes imbricate. Petals absent or represented by 4-12 scales , inserted at or near throat of calyx tube (Aquilaria) . Stamens 2 to many, usually as many as calyx lobes and opposite them or twice as many. Hypognous disk usually present at base of ovary, scalelike, annular or cup-shaped, sometimes absent. Ovary superior, 1- or 2-loculed, sessile or shortly stipitate ; ovules solitary in each locule, pendulous, anatropous ; style filiform , caducous, sometimes very short or obscure , terminal or eccentric ; stigma capitate, globose , subglobose, subclavate, or pyramidal , sometimes papilose. Fruit mostly indehiscent, dry or fleshy , sometimes a loculicidal capsule (Aquilaria) . Seeds with or without endosperm, embryo straight.

About 48 genera and ca. 650 species: widely distributed in both hemispheres; nine genera and 115 species (89 endemic) in China.

The phloem contains very strong fibers, which make the bark of many species very suitable for the manufacture of high-quality paper such as that used for bank notes . The stems are extremely supple and difficult to break and are used as a substitute for string. Most species are poisonous and some are important medicinally.[1]

Genus Daphne

Shrubs or subshrubs , evergreen or deciduous. Branches glabrous or pubescent . Leaves mostly alternate, sometimes opposite; petiole short. Inflorescence usually terminal , sometimes axillary , capitate or shortly racemose, sometimes paniculate , racemose, or spicate , with or without involucre; peduncle short or absent. Flowers bisexual or unisexual (plants sometimes dioecious), 4- or 5-merous. Calyx tube white, pink, or yellow, rarely mauve , campanulate , cylindric , or slightly funnel-shaped, exterior glabrous or pubescent; lobes 4 or 5, erect or spreading , alternately longer and shorter. Petaloid appendages absent. Stamens twice as many as calyx lobes, in two series; filaments short or absent; anthers oblong , included ; connectives indistinct. Disk absent or annular , cup-shaped, sometimes elongated on one side. Ovary usually sessile or slightly stipitate , ovoid , 1-loculed; style terminal, short; stigma capitate. Fruit a succulent berry or dry and leathery, sometimes enclosed by persistent calyx, sometimes naked, usually red or yellow. Seed testa crustaceous , endosperm scanty or absent; cotyledons fleshy .

About 95 species: Asia, Europe; 52 species (41 endemic) in China.

Species of Daphne have long been valued by gardeners for their extremely fragrant flowers.[2]

Physical Description

Habitat

Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 1,303 meters (0 to 4,275 feet).[3]

Biology

Reproduction

Duration: Perennial

Taxonomy

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name . Latest taxonomic scrutiny: 15-Mar-2000

Place of publication : Sp. pl. 1:357. 1753

Name verified on 06-Nov-1985 by ARS Systematic Botanists. Last updated: 23-Aug-1994

Similar Species

Members of the genus Daphne

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 662 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:

D. abbreviata · D. acuminata · D. acutiloba · D. acutiloba 'Fragrant Cloud' · D. aff. giraldii · D. alba · D. alba anhuiensis · D. albiflora · D. albowiana · D. 'Alden's Regal Red' · D. 'Allison Carver' · D. alpestrivaga · D. alpina (Alpine Daphne) · D. alpina scopoliana · D. alpina subsp. scopoliana · D. altaica · D. altaica fasciculiflora · D. altaica Pall. var. longilobata Lecomte · D. altaica subsp. fasciculiflora · D. alternifolia · D. alternifolia var. multiflora · D. ambigua · D. americana · D. andina · D. androsaemifolia · D. angustifolia · D. angustiloba · D. angustissima · D. anhuiensis · D. anomala · D. aquilaria · D. arburescula · D. arbuscula (Daphne) · D. arbuscula arbuscula f. albiflora · D. arbuscula Celak. 'Compacta' · D. arbuscula 'Diva' · D. arbuscula f. albiflora · D. arbuscula f. grandiflora · D. arbuscula f. platyclada · D. arbuscula f. radicans · D. arbuscula 'Muran Pride' · D. arbuscula × cneorum var. verlotii · D. arbuscula × 'Leila Haines' · D. argentata · D. argentea · D. argyi · D. arisanensis · D. arvernensis · D. aurantiaca · D. aurantiaca var. calcicola · D. aurea · D. australis · D. austrocochinchinensis · D. autaretica · D. axillaris · D. axilliflora · D. baimashanensis · D. baimashanensis lungtzeensis · D. baksanica · D. balansae · D. bellojocensis · D. bholua (Paper Daphne) · D. bholua 'Alba' · D. bholua 'Darjeeling' · D. bholua emeiensis · D. bholua 'Glendoick' · D. bholua 'Gurkha' · D. bholua 'Jacqueline Postill' (Paper Daphne) · D. bholua 'Peter Smithers' · D. bholua 'Rupina La' · D. bholua 'Sheopuri' · D. bholua subsp. emeiensis · D. bholua var. glacialis · D. bholua var. glacialis 'Gurkha' · D. bholua Wakehurst form · D. bholua 'Winter Bliss' · D. bicornuta · D. blagayana (Blagays Daphne) · D. blagayana × sericea Collina Group · D. bodinieri · D. bonplandiana · D. bonplandiana var. mollis · D. brachyantha · D. brasiliensis · D. brevipaniculata · D. brevituba · D. brigantiaca · D. broteriana · D. buxifolia · D. cachemireana · D. calcicola · D. calcicola 'Gang-ho-ba' · D. calcicola 'Sichuan Gold' · D. calycina · D. candicans · D. candida · D. canescens · D. canescens capitatoracemosa · D. cannabina · D. cantabrica

More Info

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Further Reading

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Notes

Contributors

• Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed November 22, 2007. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 18 providers.
• USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. URL (April 27, 2008)

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 22, 2007:

• Conservatoire botanique national du Bassin parisien, Conservatoire botanique national du Bassin parisien
• Missouri Botanical Garden, Missouri Botanical Garden
• Oregon State University, Vascular Plant Collection
• The Swedish Museum of Natural History
• , Herbarium of Oskarshamn
• The Swedish Museum of Natural History
• , Lund Botanical Museum

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2664382
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-192922
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13849814
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:831270-1
• GRIN Nomen Number: 13270
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 192922
• International Plant Names Index (IPNI) ID: 831270-1
• Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: PDTHY01010
• U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: DALA11
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 34559

Footnotes

1. Yinzheng Wang, Michael G. Gilbert, Brian F. Mathew, Christopher Brickell & Lorin I. Nevling "Thymelaeaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 13 Page 213. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
2. Yinzheng Wang, Michael G. Gilbert, Brian F. Mathew & Christopher Brickell "Daphne". in Flora of China Vol. 13 Page 213, 215, 223, 230, 246. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
3. Mean = 110.220 meters (361.614 feet), Standard Deviation = 121.840 based on 4,381 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]

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