Overview
Interesting Facts
- This is an important pasture and forage grass that has been widely introduced into temperate and subtropical regions throughout the world (Cocksfoot, Orchard Grass). [source]
Common Names
Click on the language to view common names.
Common Names in English:
Cocksfoot, Barnyard Grass, Cocksfoot Grass, Cockspur, Orchard Grass, Orchard-Grass, Orchardgrass
Common Names in French:
Dactyle Pelotonné, Gramen Pelotonné
Common Names in German:
Knaulgras
Common Names in Italian:
Erba Mazzolina, Mazzolina
Common Names in Portuguese:
Dactilo, Panasco
Common Names in Russian:
Eža Sbornaja, ежа сборная
Common Names in Spanish:
Dactilo Aglomerado, Jopillo
Common Names in Swedish:
Hundäxing
Description
Physical Description
Species Dactylis glomerata
Perennial
, coarse
. Culms
solitary or tufted
, erect
or geniculate
at base
, 40-140 cm tall. Leaf sheaths
strongly keeled
; leaf blades
flat, (6-) 10-30 cm × 4-9 mm, abaxial
surface scabrid
along
midrib
and margin
; ligule 4-8 mm.
Panicle oblong
to ovate
in outline,
5-15 cm; branches single or rarely paired
at base, (3-) 5-15 cm,
horizontal or ascending
, lower part naked, upper part with dense
fascicles of spikelets
. Spikelets oblong to wedge-shaped, 5-9 mm,
florets
closely overlapping, green or purplish; glumes
4-5(-6.5)
mm, scabrid or ciliolate
along keel, margins membranous, apex acute
to acuminate; lemmas 4-7 mm, lowest subequal
to spikelet, scabrid
or flanks short-pilose, apex with stout awn
up to 1.5 mm. Anthers
ca.
2.5 mm. Fl.
and fr. May-Aug. 2n = 14, 28, 42. [source]
The typical form, subsp.
glomerata (2n = 28), has a
relatively compact
panicle, broad spikelet fascicles, and conspicuously
ciliate
lemma keels. Other forms, widespread in China and the Himalayas,
have a looser panicle with long flexuose branches, narrower spikelet
fascicles, and only minutely ciliolate lemma keels. The names
subsp.
sinensis, subsp. himalayensis, and the European name
subsp. slovenica (Domin) Domin have been applied to these
forms. A chromosome count of 2n = 14 has been recorded for
subsp. himalayensis. The basis of this variation
, the correct
application
of these names, and their relationship
to similar variants
from outside China are not yet understood. [source]
Habit: Graminoid
Flowers: Bloom Period: April, May, June. • Flower Color: green
Size/Age/Growth
Size: 12-18" tall.
Habitat
Mountain slopes , light forest shade, other grassy places; 1400-3600 m [1].
Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 4,653 meters (0 to 15,266 feet).[2]
Biology
Reproduction
Duration: Perennial
Growth
Culture: Space 3-6" apart.
Soil: Minimum pH: 5.6 • Maximum pH: 7.5
Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Sun to Partial Shade.
Temperature: Cold Hardiness: 5b, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b. (map)
Taxonomy
- Domain:
Eukaryota
(
)
- Whittaker & Margulis,1978
- eukaryotes
- Kingdom:
Plantae
(
)
- Haeckel, 1866
- Plants
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
(
)
- Cavalier-Smith, 1981
- Phylum:
Tracheophyta
(
)
- Sinnott, 1935 ex Cavalier-Smith, 1998
- Vascular Plants
- Subphylum:
Euphyllophytina
(
)
- (Auct.) Cavalier-Smith, 1998
- Infraphylum:
Angiospermae
(
)
- Auct.
- Class:
Spermatopsida
(
)
- Brongniart, 1843
- Subclass:
Commelinidae
(
)
- Takhtajan, 1967
- Subclass:
Commelinidae
(
- Class:
Spermatopsida
(
- Infraphylum:
Angiospermae
(
- Subphylum:
Euphyllophytina
(
- Phylum:
Tracheophyta
(
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
(
- Kingdom:
Plantae
(
Synonyms
Bromus glomeratus (L.) Scop. • D. glom-erata sinensis A. Camus • D. glomerata altaica (Besser) Domin • D. glomerata himalay-ensis Domin. • D. glomerata var. altaica (Besser) Keng • Dactylis altaica Besser • Festuca glomerata (L.) All. • Festuca glomerata (L.) Spreng.
Notes
Name
Status: Accepted Name
.
Last scrutiny: 15-Mar-2000
Similar Species
Members of the genus Dactylis
ZipcodeZoo has pages for 5 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus:
D. glomerata (Cocksfoot) · D. glomerata aschersoniana (Cocksfoot) · D. glomerata glomerata (Cocksfoot) · D. glomerata hispanica (Cocksfoot) · D. glomerata 'Variegata' (Orchard Grass)
More Info
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Further Reading
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- A manual of poisonous plants, chiefly of eastern North America, with brief notes on economic and medicinal plants, and numerous illustrations, Cedar Rapids, Ia., The Torch Press, 1911. url .
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Notes
Contributors
- Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
- Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 11, 2012.
- "Dactylis glomerata". in Flora of China Vol. 22 Page 310. Published by Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed December 03, 2007. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 5 providers.
- Ruggiero M., Gordon D., Bailly N., Kirk P., Nicolson D. (2011). The Catalogue of Life Taxonomic Classification, Edition 2, Part A. In: Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist (Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D., eds). DVD; Species 2000: Reading, UK.
- USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. URL (April 27, 2008)
Data Sources
Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 13, 2007:
- Comisión nacional para el conocimiento y uso de la biodiversidad, Banco Nacional de Germoplasma Vegetal, México
- European Environment Agency, EUNIS
- GBIF-Spain, Real Jardin Botanico
- , Vascular Plant Herbarium
- GBIF-Spain, Universidad de Oviedo. Departamento de Biología de Organismos y Sistemas: FCO
Identifiers
- Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2664474
- Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-193446
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 4395043
- Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:75745-2
- GRIN Nomen Number: 13114
- Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 193446
- Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: PMPOA1Y020
- U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: DAGLV DAGL
- Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 34293
Footnotes
- "Dactylis glomerata". in Flora of China Vol. 22 Page 310. Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
- Mean = 291.340 meters (955.840 feet), Standard Deviation = 535.420 based on 3,765 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]
