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Cyrtandra grandiflora

(Large-Flower Cyrtandra)

Overview

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Vulnerable

Threat status

Interesting Facts

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Common Names

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Common Names in English:

Large-Flower Cyrtandra, Largeflower Cyrtandra

Description

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Family Gesneriaceae

Herbs, shrubs , or rarely trees . Leaves opposite or rarely alternate, whorled or basal, rosette forming; exstipulate ; usually simple , rarely shallowly to deeply lobed , pinnately or rarely palmately veined. Inflorescences usually cymes, rarely racemes , axillary , often near apex and appearing terminal ; usually pedunculate . Flowers perfect , zygomorphic, seldom actinomorphic . Calyx actinomorphic, rarely zygomorphic; usually (4 or) 5-divided. Corolla gamopetalous, zygomorphic, rarely actinomorphic; usually 2-lipped. Fertile stamens 2 or 4, then often didynamous , rarely 5, epipetalous ; anthers free or coherent, thecae 2, parallel, divergent, or divaricate ; staminodes 1-3 or absent. Disc ringlike to cupular, rarely absent. Ovary superior in all Old World taxa [half inferior, or inferior], 1-loculed; gynophore seldom present; placentas (1 or) 2, parietal , rarely 2-loculed, placenta 1 per locule and axile ; ovules numerous , anatropous . Style 1; stigmas 1 or 2. Fruit usually capsular , loculicidal, septicidal , or circumscissile, rarely a berry, indehiscent. Seeds numerous, fusiform to ellipsoid or ovoid , minute, sometimes with appendages at 1 or both ends, with or without endosperm; embryo straight, cotyledons equal or unequal after germination.

About 133 genera and 3000 species: Africa, Central and South America, E and S Asia, S Europe, Oceania; 56 genera (25 endemic) and 442 species (354 endemic) in China.

A few foreign well-known ornamental species are cultivated in China, including the florist's gloxinia, Sinningia speciosa (Loddiges) Hiern, and African violet, Saintpaulia ionantha Wendland.

The two ovary carpels may each produce a stigma; these stigmas are fused into a single structure. Some students of Gesneriaceae have considered the stigma to be single and either simple (capitate) or 2-lobed, whereas others consider each of the two stigmas as units . We have maintained the latter usage , but a family-wide investigation of stigma development is needed. The distinction can be blurred, however, because the stigmas may be completely fused into one with a capitate apex (as in Didymocarpus) or one of the two carpels or stigmas may be aborted resulting in a single stigma that may or may not be 2-lobed.[1]

Genus Cyrtandra

Herbs, shrubs , or seldom small trees , perennial , terrestrial , not rhizomatous . Stems branched or simple . Leaves usually few, along stem, opposite, whorled , or rarely alternate, equal to subequal in a pair; leaf blade glabrous to densely pubescent , pilose , villous , or sericeous , base attenuate to cuneate, rarely to cordate. Inflorescences lax or dense, axillary or rarely cauliflorous , 1- to many-flowered cymes; bracts 2 or absent, opposite. Calyx actinomorphic or zygomorphic; 2-5(or 6) -lobed; lobes equal to unequal. Corolla white to yellow, occasionally green, orange, reddish, or purplish, zygomorphic or rarely actinomorphic, inside glabrous to pubescent; tube campanulate to salverform , funnelform , or cylindric , not swollen, usually much longer than limb; limb usually 2-lipped; adaxial lip 2-lobed, shorter than to slightly exceeding abaxial lip; abaxial lip 3-lobed, lobes equal or central lobe longer, apex rounded or obtuse , rarely acute. Stamens 2, adnate to abaxial side of corolla tube near middle , usually included ; anthers basifixed to dorsifixed , coherent or free , thecae slightly divergent to divergent, confluent or not, dehiscing longitudinally; connective not projecting or apiculate ; staminodes 2 or 3, adnate to adaxial side of corolla tube. Disc ringlike or rarely cupular. Ovary ovoid to oblong , 1-loculed; placentas 2, parietal , projecting inward, 2-cleft. Stigma 1, terminal , capitate to ovoid or obtriangular, undivided or sometimes 2-lobed. Berry fleshy to leathery, ovoid to oblong, slightly longer to shorter than calyx, indehiscent. Seeds unappendaged.

About 350-600 species: SE Asia, Pacific Islands; one species in China.[2]

Physical Description

Habit: Shrub

Biology

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Reproduction

Duration: Perennial

Taxonomy

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Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name .

Last scrutiny: 15-Mar-2000

Similar Species

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Members of the genus Cyrtandra

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 137 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:

C. alata (Cyrtandra) · C. alnea (Cyrtandra) · C. ambigua (Ambiguous Cyrtandra) · C. atomigyna (Cyrtandra) · C. axilliflora (Axilflower Cyrtandra) · C. basipartita (Cyrtandra) · C. biserrata (Double-Toothed Cyrtandra) · C. calpidicarpa (Valley Cyrtandra) · C. carinata (Cyrtandra) · C. caudatisepala (Cyrtandra) · C. caulescens (Cyrtandra) · C. christophersenii (Christophersen's Cyrtandra) · C. cladantha (Cyrtandra) · C. confertiflora (Lava Cyrtandra) · C. confertiflora var. confertiflora (Lava Cyrtandra) · C. confertiflora var. obovata (Lava Cyrtandra) · C. conradtii (Conradt's Cyrtandra) · C. cordifolia (Heart-Leaved Cyrtandra) · C. crassifolia (Cyrtandra) · C. crassior (Cyrtandra) · C. crenata (Kahana Valley Cyrtandra) · C. cupuliformis (Cyrtandra) · C. cyaneoides (Mapele) · C. dentata (Mountain Cyrtandra) · C. ferrocolorata (Cyrtandra) · C. ferruginosa (Cyrtandra) · C. filipes (Gulch Cyrtandra) · C. forbesii (Forbes's Cyrtandra) · C. garnotiana (Hahala) · C. georgiana (Georgia Cyrtandra) · C. giffardii (Giffard's Cyrtandra) · C. gracilis (Palolo Valley Cyrtandra) · C. grandiflora (Large-Flower Cyrtandra) · C. grayana (Pacific Cyrtandra) · C. grayi (Gray's Cyrtandra) · C. halawensis (Toothleaf Cyrtandra) · C. hashimotoi (Hashimoto's Cyrtandra) · C. hawaiensis (Hawai'i Cyrtandra) · C. hematos (Singleflower Cyrtandra) · C. hillebrandii (Hillebrand's Cyrtandra) · C. honolulensis (Honolulu Cyrtandra) · C. hosakae (Hosaka's Cyrtandra) · C. kaalae (Kaala Cyrtandra) · C. kahanaensis (Kahanae Cyrtandra) · C. kalihii (Kalich's Cyrtandra) · C. kamooloaensis (Kamo'oloa Cyrtandra) · C. kauaiensis (Ulunahele) · C. kaulantha (Waikane Valley Cyrtandra) · C. kealiae (Keal's Cyrtandra) · C. kipahuluensis (Kipahulu Cyrtandra) · C. kipapaensis (Kipapa Cyrtandra) · C. kohalae (Kohala Mountain Cyrtandra) · C. laevis (Cyrtandra) · C. laxiflora (Drooping Cyrtandra) · C. lessoniana (Lesson's Cyrtandra) · C. limahuliensis (Limahuli Cyrtandra) · C. longifolia (Long-Leaved Cyrtandra) · C. lydgatei (Lydgate's Cyrtandra) · C. lysiosepala (Oppositeleaf Cyrtandra) · C. macraei (Macra's Cyrtandra) · C. macrocalyx (Largecalyx Cyrtandra) · C. malacophylla (Cyrtandra) · C. mannii (Mann's Cyrtandra) · C. menziesii (Ha'i Wale) · C. munroi (Ha'iwale) · C. nutans (Cyrtandra) · C. oenobarba (Shaggystem Cyrtandra) · C. olona (Kauai Cyrtandra) · C. opaeulae (Opaeula Cyrtandra) · C. oxybapha (Pohakea Gulch Cyrtandra) · C. paludosa (Kanawao Ke'oke'o) · C. paludosa var. microcarpa (Kanawao Ke'oke'o) · C. paludosa var. paludosa (Kanawao Ke'oke'o) · C. pickeringii (Pickering's Cyrtandra) · C. platyphylla ('ilihia) · C. polyantha (Niu Valley Cyrtandra) · C. procera (Bog Cyrtandra) · C. propinqua (Arrowleaf Cyrtandra) · C. pruinosa (Frosted Cyrtandra) · C. pubens (Cyrtandra) · C. ramosissima (Cyrtandra) · C. rivularis (River Cyrtandra) · C. rockii (Rock's Cyrtandra) · C. sandwicensis (Hairy Cyrtandra) · C. scabrella (Cyrtandra) · C. sessilis (Windyridge Cyrtandra) · C. spathulata (Spathulate Cyrtandra) · C. subintegra (Cyrtandra) · C. subumbellata (Parasol Cyrtandra) · C. tintinnabula (Laupahoehoe Cyrtandra) · C. turbiniformis (Cyrtandra) · C. umbraculiflora (Cyrtandra) · C. villicalyx (Cyrtandra) · C. viridiflora (Green-Leaved Cyrtandra) · C. waianaeensis (Waianaeuka Cyrtandra) · C. waihoiensis (Sharp-Tooth Cyrtandra) · C. waiolani (Fuzzyflower Cyrtandra) · C. wawrae (Rockface Cyrtandra) · C. x alata (Cyrtandra) · C. x alnea (Cyrtandra)

More Info

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Further Reading

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Notes

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Contributors

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal February 02, 2008:

Identifiers

Footnotes

  1. Wencai Wang, Kai-yu Pan, Zhen-yu Li, Anna L. Weitzman & Laurence E. Skog "Gesneriaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 18 Page 244. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
  2. "Cyrtandra". in Flora of China Vol. 18 Page 395. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
Last Revised: 7/15/2012