Cyphostemma adenopodum

• Description
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• Bibliography
• More Info
• Notes

Description

Family Vitaceae

Woody climbers , sometimes vines , rarely small succulent trees , hermaphroditic or polygamo-monoecious to polygamo-dioecious . Stems unarmed , sometimes with conspicuous lenticels , or bark sometimes shredding (in most species of Vitis) ; branches often swollen at 3-7-lacunar nodes; pith continuous or interrupted by diaphragms at nodes; tendrils simple , bifurcate to trifurcate , or 4-12-branched (in Parthenocissus), usually leaf-opposed, rarely tendrils absent. Raphide sacs present in parenchymatous tissues . Leaves simple, lobed or unlobed, or digitately or pedately compound to 1-3-pinnately compound, alternate, distichous, variously toothed , commonly with multicellular , stalked, caducous spherical structures known as "pearl" glands ; stipules 2 or rarely absent, often caducous. Flowers small, with prophylls, in panicles, corymbs, or rarely spikes, often leaf-opposite, pseudo-terminal , or axillary (in Cayratia and Tetrastigma), actinomorphic , hypogynous, 4- or 5(-7 as in Rhoicissus) -merous. Calyx with 4 or 5(-7) small teeth or lobes or a continuous ring. Petals valvate , 4 or 5(-7), free or basally connate , or distally connate forming a calyptra (e.g. , in Vitis) . Stamens 4 or 5(-7), antepetalous ; anthers introrse , dehiscing longitudinally, tetrasporangiate or rarely bisporangiate . Floral disk intrastaminal , ring-shaped, cupular, or gland-shaped. Ovary superior, 2-loculed; ovules 2 per locule; placentation axile , appearing nearly basal, apotropous or anatropous , bitegmic, crassinucellar; style simple, connate; stigma discoid or capitate, rarely 4-lobed (Tetrastigma), not papillate . Fruit a berry, 1-4-seeded. Seeds endotestal, with an abaxial chalazal knot and an adaxial raphe with 2 furrows , one on each side; embryo straight, small; endosperm oily, proteinaceous, copious , ruminate .

About 14 genera and ca. 900 species: worldwide, but mostly in tropical and subtropical regions; eight genera and 146 species (87 endemic, two introduced ) in China.

The family is important for grapes, wine, and raisins (especially Vitis vinifera, and several other species and hybrids of Vitis) . There are a few ornamental climbers in the genera Ampelopsis, Cissus, Parthenocissus, and Tetrastigma, of which Parthenocissus tricuspidata of China and Japan and P. quinquefolia of eastern North America are well-known examples. Some plants (e.g., Ampelopsis japonica, Cissus quadrangularis, and Tetrastigma hemsleyanum) are highly regarded medicines.Prof. Zhiduan Chen, Hui Ren & Jun Wen "Vitaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 12 Page 33, 115, 173. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.

Taxonomy

Unambiguous Synonyms

1. Cissus adenopoda Sprague

Notes

Publishing author : Desc. Publication : in Nat. Monspel., Ser. Bot. Fasc. 18, 218 (1967), basionymo cit. Basionym author: (Sprague)

Similar Species

Members of the genus Cyphostemma

There are approximately 460 species in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:

C. abercornensis · C. adamii · C. adenantha · C. adenanthum · C. adenocarpa · C. adenocarpum · C. adenocaule · C. adenocaule pulverulentum · C. adenocaule subsp. pulverulentum · C. adenocaulis · C. adenocephala · C. adenocephalum · C. adenopoda · C. adenopodum · C. agnus-castus · C. allophylloides · C. allophylloides karuraense · C. allophylloides subsp. karuraense · C. allophyloides · C. alnifolia · C. alnifolium · C. amplexa · C. amplexicaule · C. amplexum · C. anatomica · C. andongense · C. andongensis · C. ankirihitrensis · C. auriculata · C. bainesii (African Tree Grape) · C. bakeranum · C. bakeriana · C. bambuseti · C. bambusetii · C. barbosae · C. betiforme (Cyphostemma) · C. bidgoodiae · C. biternata · C. boranense · C. bororense · C. bororensis · C. braunii · C. brieyi · C. buchananii · C. bullata · C. bullatum · C. burgeri · C. cabui · C. caerulans · C. camerounense · C. centrali-africana · C. centrali-africanum · C. chevalieri · C. chloroleuca · C. chloroleucum · C. chrysadenia · C. chrysadenium · C. cirrhosa (Cyphostemma) · C. cirrhosum · C. comorense · C. congesta · C. congestum · C. congoense · C. congoensis · C. connivens · C. conradsii · C. cornigera · C. cornus-africani · C. crameranum · C. crameriana · C. cramerianum · C. crassiuscula · C. crassiusculum · C. crinita · C. crinitum · C. cristigera · C. crithmifolia · C. crithmifolium · C. crotalarioides · C. cryptoglandulosum · C. cuneata · C. cuneatum · C. currori (Cyphostemma) · C. currorii · C. curvipoda · C. curvipodum · C. cymosa · C. cymosum · C. cymosum orientale · C. cymosum subsp. orientale · C. cyphopetala · C. cyphopetalum · C. cyphopetalum craterum · C. cyphopetalum subsp. craterum · C. cyphopetalum var. nodiglandulosum · C. dasycarpum · C. dasypleurum · C. decurrens · C. degraeri · C. degraerii

Bibliography

• Li Chaoluan. 1998. Vitaceae (excluding Leea). In: Li Chaoluan, ed., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 48(2): ii-vii, 1-3, 12-208.

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Notes

Contributors

• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed December 02, 2007. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 2 providers.
• MBLWHOI Library: Universal Biological Index and Organizer. uBio.org accessed July 26, 2008.

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal December 02, 2007:

• Missouri Botanical Garden, Missouri Botanical Garden

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 8370130
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 15902104
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:870173-1
• International Plant Names Index (IPNI) ID: 870173-1
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 1436407

Footnotes

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