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• Taxonomy
• Physical Description
• Distribution
• Reproduction
• Growth
• Similar Species
• Bibliography
• More Info
• Notes
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Taxonomy

Unambiguous Synonyms:

1. Cicer nummularifolium Lam.
2. Crotalaria angulata Senn
3. Crotalaria linaria Small
4. Crotalaria maritima Chapman
5. Crotalaria rothiana DC.
6. Crotalaria rothii Spreng.
7. Crotalaria rotundifolia var. linaria (Small)Fernald & B.G.Schub.

Notes:

Name Status: Accepted Name. Latest taxonomic scrutiny: –.

Place of publication: Syst. nat. 2(2):1095. 1792

Name verified on 19-Aug-2004 by ARS Systematic Botanists. Last updated: 02-Feb-2006

Physical Description

Family Fabaceae:

The Fabaceae are herbs, vines, shrubs, trees, and lianas found in both temperate and tropical areas. They comprise one of the largest families of flowering plants, numbering 630 genera and 18,000 species. The leaves are stipulate, nearly always alternate, and range from bipinnately or palmately compound to simple. The petiole base is commonly enlarged into a pulvinus that commonly functions in orientation of the leaves (sometimes very responsively, as in the sensitive plant, Mimosa pudica). The flowers are usually bisexual, actinomorphic to zygomorphic, slightly to strongly perigynous, and commonly in racemes, spikes, or heads. The perianth commonly consists of a calyx and corolla of 5 segments each. The androecium consists of commonly 1- many stamens (most commonly 10), distinct or variously united, sometimes some of them reduced to staminodes. The pistil is simple, often stipitate, comprising a single style and stigma, and a superior ovary with one locule containing 2-many marginal ovules. The fruit is usually a legume, sometimes a samara, loment, follicle, indehiscent pod, achene, drupe, or berry. The seeds often have a hard coat with hourglass-shaped cells, and sometimes bear a u-shaped line called a pleurogram. [Carr]

Subfamily Faboideae:

Mostly herbs, shrubs, or trees. Leaves pinnate or palmate to trifoliolate or apparently simple. Corolla usually, showy, zygomorphic, the petals imbricate, posterior (upper or banner) petal outermost in bud. Stamens 10 or 9 + 1 (diadelphous), not showy. Pollen released in monads. Seeds with u-shaped line (pleurogram) lacking. [Carr]

Genus Crotalaria:

Herbs or shrubs. Leaf simple or palmately trifoliolate or rarely up to 7-foliolate, generally stipulate. Inflorescence a raceme, terminal or leaf opposed. Bracts and bracteoles small or absent. Calyx teeth linear, lanceolate, subequal, free or the upper 2 fused, forming a lip. Vexillum orbicular, rarely ovate. Wing shorter than the standard. Keel incurved, beaked. Stamens monadelphous, anthers dimorphic. Ovary generally sessile, 2-many ovuled, style incurved, bearded above, stigma small, rarely bilobed. Fruit sessile or stipitate, globose or linear-oblong, turgid or inflated, 2-many seeded, continuous within.

About 550 species, distributed throughout the tropics and subtropics, but most numerous in Tropical Africa.^[1]

Habit: Herb • Climbing: Not Climbing

Flowers: Bloom Period: April, May, June, July, August. • Flower Color: yellow

Distribution

Range and Population

Native: Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Louisiana, Mexico, Michoacan, Mississippi, Morelos, Nayarit, North Carolina, Oaxaca, Puebla, San Luis Potosi, Sinaloa, South Carolina, Virginia.

Reproduction

Duration: Perennial

Growth

Culture: Space 18-24" apart.

Soil: Minimum pH: 6.1 • Maximum pH: 7.5

Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Full Sun.

Moisture: Drought Tolerance: High

Temperature: Cold Hardiness: 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b, 10a, 10b, 11. (map)

Similar Species

Members of the genus Crotalaria:

There are approximately 1,331 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus. Here are just 100 of them: C. cunninghamii sturtii · C. kuiririensis mutica · C. abbreviata · C. abdal-kuriensis · C. abscondita · C. abyssinica · C. subcapitata subsp. oreadum · C. acicularis · C. aculeata · C. aculeata aculeata · C. aculeata claessensii · C. aculeata subsp. claessensii · C. arcuata · C. acutiflora var. grandiflora · C. acutifolia · C. adamii · C. adamsonii · C. adenocarpoides · C. adolfi · C. aegyptiaca · C. aegyptica · C. africana · C. afrocentralis · C. afzelii · C. agatiflora (Canary Bird Bush) · C. agatiflora agatiflora · C. agatiflora engleri · C. agatiflora erlangeri · C. agatiflora imperialis · C. agatiflora subsp. agatiflora · C. agatiflora vaginifera · C. aidiostipulata · C. akoensis · C. alata (Rattlebox) · C. alatipes · C. alba var. alba · C. albicaulis · C. albida · C. albida var. gengmanensis · C. alemanniana · C. alexanderi · C. alexandri · C. allenii · C. allophylla · C. alticola · C. altissima · C. amoena · C. amplexicaulis · C. anagyroides var. angustifolia · C. anagyroides var. minor · C. andringitrensis · C. andromedifolia · C. androyensis · C. angulata · C. angulicaulis · C. angustifolia · C. anisophylla · C. ankaizinensis · C. ankaratrana · C. annamensis · C. annua · C. anomala · C. anthyllopsis · C. antunesii · C. apiculata · C. arcuata · C. arenaria · C. argentea · C. argenteotomentosa · C. argenteotomentosa argenteotomentosa · C. argenteotomentosa dolosa · C. argenteotomentosa subsp. dolosa · C. argyraea · C. argyrolobioides · C. arida · C. aridicola · C. aridicola aridicola · C. aridicola densifolia · C. aridicola glabrata · C. aridicola subsp. densifolia · C. aridicola subsp. glabrata · C. arushae · C. arvensis · C. asarifolia · C. asarine · C. aspalathoides · C. assamica (Indian Rattlebox) · C. assamica var. philippinensis · C. assergens · C. assurgens · C. onobrychis · C. athroophylla · C. atrorubens · C. atusia · C. aurea · C. auriculata · C. avonensis (Avon Park Harebells) · C. awasensis · C. axillaris · C. axilliflora

Bibliography

• Isely, D. 1998. Native and naturalized Leguminosae (Fabaceae) of the United States (exclusive of Alaska and Hawaii). (Leg US)
• Liogier, H. A. 1984–. Descriptive flora of Puerto Rico and adjacent islands. (F PuertoR)
• McVaugh, R. 1983–. Flora Novo-Galiciana. (F NGalicia)
• Radford, A. E. et al., eds. 1980–. Vascular flora of the southeastern United States. (F SE US)
• Stevens, W. D. et al., eds. 2001. Flora de Nicaragua. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 85(1-3). (F Nicaragua)
• Windler, D. R. 1974. A systematic treatment of the native unifoliolate crotalarias of North America (Leguminosae). Rhodora 76:186–194.
• Woodson, R. E. & R. W. Schery, eds. 1943–1980. Flora of Panama. (F Panama)

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Notes

Contributors:

• African Regional Workshop (Conservation and Sustainable Management of Trees, Zimbabwe) 1998. Pericopsis elata. In: IUCN 2006. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 20 October 2006.
• Barneby RC & Forero E, 1994/1995 (from ILDIS).
• BioSystematic Database of World Diptera, 7.0, 2005.
• Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-2005. Systema Naturae 2000. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. [http://sn2000.taxonomy.nl/Taxonomicon/]. Access date: Nov 23, 2005
• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-2006. Systema Naturae 2000. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Accessed April 21, 2007.
• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-2007. Systema Naturae 2000. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Accessed September 17, 2007.
• Carr, Gerald
• Fantz PR, 1999 (from ILDIS).
• Fautin, Daphne G. (from Hexacorallians of the World).
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed January 27, 2008. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 2 providers.
• Hexacorallians of the World 2001.
• Heyn CC & Heller D 1991/1993 (from ILDIS).
• Home of the Xylariaceae 2006.
• Hopkins HF, 2001-03 (from ILDIS).
• ILDIS World Database of Legumes, 10, Nov 2005
• ILDIS World Database of LegumesNov 10, 2005.
• LepIndex: The Global Lepidoptera Names Index
• Lewis GP, 1994/1995 (from ILDIS).
• Light, Kris. East Tennessee Wildflowers
• Marlin, Bruce. CirrusImage.com.
• Newell CA, 1997 (from ILDIS).
• Nghia, N.H. 1998. Dalbergia entadoides. In: IUCN 2006. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 20 October 2006.
• Nielsen IC & Rico ML, 1994 (from ILDIS).
• Nielsen IC and Rico ML, 1994 (from ILDIS World Database of Legumes).
• Ocean Biogeographic Information System. Accessed March 01, 2006. www.iobis.org
• Ohashi H & Tateishi Y, 1996 (from ILDIS).
• Opler, Paul A., Harry Pavulaan, Ray E. Stanford, Michael Pogue, coordinators. Butterflies and Moths of North America. Bozeman, MT: Mountain Prairie Information Node. March 26, 2007.
• Parhost World Database of FleasNov 2, 2005.
• Pasquet RS, 2001-06 (from ILDIS).
• Pippen, Jeffrey S. Jeff's Nature Page. Accessed December 8, 2007.
• Podlech D, 1996 (from ILDIS).
• Polhill RM, 1993 (from ILDIS).
• Rhytismatales database 2006.
• Schrire BD, 1994-10 (from ILDIS).
• Sokoloff DD, 2001-03 (from ILDIS).
• Species Fungorum 2006.
• Stirton CH, 2001-06 (from ILDIS).
• The Global Lepidoptera Names Index2, 12.2, 2005.
• The International Plant Names Index. Accessed Jan 19, 2007.
• The Virtual Field Herbarium.
• Thomson, Christian (from Diptera).
• USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. URL (April 27, 2008)
• USDA, NRCS. 2005. The PLANTS Database, Version 3.5 (http://plants.usda.gov). National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70874-4490 USA.
• Vaz AMSF, 2001-05 (from ILDIS).
• World Conservation Monitoring Centre 1998. Adenanthera intermedia. In: IUCN 2006. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 20 October 2006.
• Zarucchi JL, 1993 (from ILDIS).
• van der Maesen LJG, 1993 (from ILDIS).
• van der Maesen, LJG, 2001-03 (from ILDIS).

Data Sources:

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal January 28, 2008:

• Comisión nacional para el conocimiento y uso de la biodiversidad, Herbario del Instituto de Ecología, A.C., México
• Comisión nacional para el conocimiento y uso de la biodiversidad, Herbario del Instituto de Ecología, A.C., México
• Missouri Botanical Garden, Missouri Botanical Garden
• USDA PLANTS, USDA PLANTS Database
• University of Alabama Biodiversity and Systematics, Herbarium

Identifiers:

• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 26578
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13635848
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:488795-1
• Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: PDFAB160D0
• U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: CRMAL
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 33120

Footnotes:

1. "Crotalaria". in Flora of Pakistan Page 40.. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.