Cotoneaster multiflora

• Interesting Facts
• Common Names
• Description
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Click on the language to view common names.

Description

Family Rosaceae

Trees , shrubs , or herbs, deciduous or evergreen . Stems erect , scandent , arching , prostrate , or creeping , armed or unarmed . Buds usually with several exposed scales , sometimes with only 2. Leaves alternate, rarely opposite, simple or compound ; stipules paired , free or adnate to petiole , rarely absent, persistent or deciduous; petiole usually 2-glandular apically; leaf blade often serrate at margin , rarely entire. Inflorescences various, from single flowers to umbellate , corymbose , racemose or cymose-paniculate. Flowers usually actinomorphic , bisexual , rarely unisexual and then plants dioecious. Hypanthium (formed from basal parts of sepals, petals, and stamens) free from or adnate to ovary, short or elongate . Sepals usually 5, rarely fewer or more, imbricate; epicalyx segments sometimes also present. Petals as many as sepals, inserted below margin of disk, free, imbricate, sometimes absent. Disk lining hypanthium, usually entire, rarely lobed . Stamens usually numerous , rarely few, always in a complete ring at margin of or above disk; filaments usually free, very rarely connate ; anthers small, didymous , rarely elongate, 2-locular. Carpels 1 to many, free, or ± connate and then adnate to inner surface of cupular receptacle; ovary inferior, semi-inferior, or superior; ovules usually 2 in each carpel, rarely 1 or several, anatropous , superposed . Styles as many as carpels, terminal , lateral , or basal, free or sometimes connate. Fruit a follicle, pome, achene, or drupe, rarely a capsule, naked or enclosed in persistent hypanthium and sometimes also by sepals. Seeds erect or pendulous, sometimes winged , usually exalbuminous , very rarely with thin endosperm; cotyledons mostly fleshy and convex abaxially, rarely folded or convolute.

Between 95 and 125 genera and 2825-3500 species: cosmopolitan , mostly in N temperate zone; 55 genera (two endemic) and 950 species (546 endemic) in China.

Many plants of this family are of economic importance and contribute to people s livelihoods. The Rosaceae contain a great number of fruit trees of temperate regions . The fruits contain vitamins, acids, and sugars and can be used both raw and for making preserves, jam, jelly, candy, various drinks, wine, vinegar, etc. The dried fruits of the genera

Amygdalus and Armeniaca are of high commercial value. Some plants in the genus Rosa containing essential oils or with a high vitamin content are used in industry . Rosaceae wood is used for making various articles, stems and roots are used for making tannin extract, and young leaves are used as a substitute for tea. Numerous species are used for medical purposes or are cultivated as ornamentals .

The Rosaceae are very well represented in China, with great economic and scientific importance. The Co-chairs of the Editorial Committee (Wu and Raven) here note that the patterns of relationship are complex and the group is taxonomically difficult. [1]

Genus Cotoneaster

Shrubs , rarely small trees , erect , decumbent , or prostrate , deciduous, semievergreen, or evergreen . Branchlets mostly terete , rarely slightly angulate , unarmed . Winter buds small; scales several, imbricate, exposed. Leaves alternate, simple , shortly petiolate ; stipules caducous , usually subulate , small; margin of leaf blade entire, venation camptodromous . Inflorescences terminal or axillary , cymose or corymbose , sometimes flowers several fascicled or solitary. Hypanthium turbinate or campanulate , rarely cylindric , adnate to ovary. Sepals 5, persistent , short. Petals 5, erect or spreading , imbricate in bud, white, pink, or red. Stamens 10-20(-22), inserted in mouth of hypanthium. Ovary inferior or semi-inferior, 2-5-loculed; carpels 2-5, connate abaxially, free adaxially; ovules 2 per carpel, erect; styles 2-5, free; stigmas dilated . Fruit a drupe-like pome, red, brownish red, or orange to black, with persistent, incurved , fleshy sepals, containing pyrenes; pyrenes (1 or) 2-5, bony, 1-seeded; seeds compressed ; cotyledons plano-convex .

About 90 species in the broad sense: widespread in temperate N Africa, Asia (except Japan), Central America (Mexico), and Europe, most abundant in SW China; 59 species (37 endemic) in China.

The shrubs are widely planted as ornamentals for their attractive fruits and flowers, and as borders , hedges , and ground cover. Further studies are necessary to clarify a taxonomy complicated by hybridization and apomixis.[2]

Habitat

Biome: coastland, disturbed areas, water courses

Taxonomy

Similar Species

Members of the genus Cotoneaster

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 56 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus:

C. acutifolius (Peking Cotoneaster) · C. adpressus (Creeping Cotoneaster) · C. adpressus var. praecox (Creeping Cotoneaster) · C. adpressus 'Little Gem' (Little Gem Cotoneaster) · C. amoenus (Cotoneaster) · C. apiculatus (Cranberry Cotoneaster) · C. bullatus (Cotoneaster) · C. cochleatus (Cotoneaster) · C. congestus (Pyrenees Cotoneaster) · C. conspicuus (Necklace Cotoneaster) · C. dammeri (Bearberry Cotoneaster) · C. dammeri 'Eichholz' (Bearberry Cotoneaster) · C. dammeri 'Mooncreeper' (Bearberry Cotoneaster) · C. dammeri 'Skogholm' (Bearberry Cotoneaster) · C. dammeri 'Streibs Findling' (Bearberry Cotoneaster) · C. dielsianus (Cotoneaster) · C. discolor (Cotoneaster) · C. divaricatus (Spreading Cotoneaster) · C. franchetii (Franchet Cotoneaster) · C. frigidus (Himalayan Tree Cotoneaster) · C. glabratus (Cotoneaster) · C. glaucophyllus (Bright Bead Cotoneaster) · C. granatensis (Durillo) · C. harrysmithii (Harrysmith Cotoneaster) · C. henryanus (Henrys Cotoneaster) · C. horizontalis (Cotoneaster) · C. horizontalis var. perpusillus (Prostrate Rock Cotoneaster) · C. horizontalis 'Variegatus' (Cotoneaster) · C. hupehensis (Hupeh Cotoneaster) · C. hylmoei (Cotoneaster) · C. integerrimus (Cotoneaster) · C. integrifolius (Small-Leaf Cotoneaster) · C. lacteus (Milkflower Cotoneaster) · C. lucidus (Hedge Cotoneaster) · C. microphyllus (Chinese Rockspray) · C. microphyllus 'Cooperi' (Chinese Rockspray) · C. multiflora (Cotoneaster) · C. multiflorus (Many-Flowered Cotoneaster) · C. nanshan (Creeping Cotoneaster) · C. niger (Dark-Seed Cotoneaster) · C. pannosus (Cotoneaster) · C. radicans (Bearberry Cotoneaster) · C. salicifolius (Cotoneaster) · C. salicifolius 'Repens' (Spreading Willowleaf Cotoneaster) · C. salicifolius 'Scarlet Leader' (Willow-Leaf Cotoneaster) · C. salicifolus (Willowleaf Cotoneaster) · C. serotinus (Cotoneaster) · C. simonsii (Himalayan Cotoneaster) · C. splendens (Splendid Cotoneaster) · C. sternianus (Cotoneaster) · C. tomentosus (Hairy Cotoneaster) · C. wilsonii (Cotoneaster) · C. x waterei 'John Waterer' (Cotoneaster) · C. 'Cornubia' (Cotoneaster) · C. 'Hybridus Pendulus' (Weeping Cotoneaster) · C. 'Rothschildianus' (Cotoneaster)

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Further Reading

• A naturalist in Western China: with vasculum, camera, and gun, being some account of eleven year's travel, exploration, and observation in the more remote parts of the flowery kingdom; with an introduction by Charles Sprague Sargent. London, Methuen[1913] url p. 11.
• A naturalist in western China, with vasculum, camera, and gun; being some account of eleven years' travel, exploration, and observation in the more remote parts of the Flowery kingdom, by Ernest Henry Wilson...with an introduction by Charles Sprague Sargent...With one hundred and one full-page illustrations and a map. London, Methuen & co., ltd.[1913] url p. 11.
• A practical guide to garden plants, containing descriptions of the hardiest and most beautiful annuals and biennials, hardy herbaceous and bulbous perennials, hardy water and bog plants, flowering and ornamental trees and shrubs, conife London;Longmans, Green, 1901. url , p. 410.
• Acta Societatis pro Fauna et Flora Fennica. Helsinki: Societas, 1875-1980. url p. 59.
• Aristocrats of the garden, Garden City, N. Y., Doubleday, Page & company, 1917. url .
• Aristocrats of the garden, by Ernest H. Wilson. .. Garden City, N.Y., Doubleday, Page & company[c1917] url p. 303, p. 303, p. 91, p. 91.
• Biltmore Nursery, Biltmorse, N.C. [North Carolina?: The Nursery?], c1912 url p. 63.
• Biochemical systematics [by] Ralph E. Alston [and] B. L. Turner. Englewood Cliffs, N.J., Prentice-Hall[1963] url p. 101.
• Bulletin of miscellaneous information /Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 1915 London: H.M. Stationery Office, 1900-1941. url p. 63.
• Catalogue of the trees and shrubs in the arboretum and botanic garden at the Central Experimental Farm, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada by Wm. Saunders and W.T. Macoun. Ottawa: Govt. Print. Bureau, 1899. url .
• Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 28 1943 Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1890- url p. 628.
• Flora of the U.S.S.R. [Springfield, Va.: Israel Program for Scientific Translations; 1968- url , p. 248, p. 398.
• Hardy ornamental flowering trees and shrubs / by A. D. Webster. London: Smith, Elder, 1908. url p. 50.
• Horticulture. Boston, Mass.: Horticulture Pub. Co., c1904- url p. 315, p. 76.
• Inventory of seeds and plants imported / U.S. Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Plant Industry. Washington, D.C.: G.P.O., 1914-1924. url p. 80.
• Irish gardening. Dublin: Pub. Office, 1906-1922 url p. 94.
• Journal of the International Garden Club. New York, International garden club. url p. 84.
• Journal of the New York Botanical Garden. 19 1918 Lancaster, Pa.: Published for the Garden by the New Era Printing Co., 1900- url p. 193.
• Lists of plant types for landscape planting; the materials of planting for ornament listed according to their various uses, by Stephen F. Hamblin. Cambridge, Harvard University Press, 1923. url , , , p. 31, p. 45, p. 51.
• My garden in spring, by E. A. Bowles. New York: Dodge Pub. Co., [1914] url p. 267.
• Ornamental shrubs of the United States, hardy, cultivated. New YorkAmerican Book Co.[c1910] url p. 179.
• Plantae Wilsonianae; an enumeration of the woody plants collected in western China for the Arnold arboretum of Harvard university during the years 1907, 1908, and 1910, by E. H. Wilson, ed. by Charles Sprague Sargent. Cambridge, University Press, 1913-17. url p. 170, p. 476, p. 504, p. 505, p. 589, p. 600.
• Sargent, C. S. Plantae Wilsonianae: an enumeration of the woody plants collected in western China for the Arnold arboretum of Harvard university during the years 1907, 1908, and 1910 /by E. H. Wilson, ed. by Charles Sprague Sargent. 1 1913 Cambridge: The University press, 1913-17. url p. 170, p. 476, p. 504, p. 505, p. 589, p. 600.
• The Garden: an illustrated weekly journal of gardening in all its branches. London: [s.n., url p. 27, p. 42.
• The Gardeners' chronicle: a weekly illustrated journal of horticulture and allied subjects. London: [Gardeners Chronicle], 1874-1955. url p. 25, p. 408, p. 42.
• The Journal of the Linnean Society. Botany. 23 1886-88 London: the Society: Longman, Green, Longman, Roberts & Green: ||Williams and Norgate, 1865-1968. url p. 261.
• The complete garden, by Albert D. Taylor, assisted by Gordon D. Cooper. Illustrated with fifty full page cuts, four line charts, and nine coloured plates. Garden City, N.Y., Doubleday, Page, 1921. url p. 325, p. 325.
• The flora of British India /By J. D. Hooker assisted by various botanists. Published under the authority of the secretary of state for India in council. 2 1879 London: L. Reeve, 1875-97. url p. 386.
• The identification of trees & shrubs; how to recognize, without previous knowledge of botany, wild or garden trees and shrubs native to the north temperate zone, with 2, 500 diagrams made by the author. New York, Dutton[1937] url p. 199.
• The standard cyclopedia of horticulture; a discussion, for the amateur, and the professional and commercial grower, of the kinds, characteristics and methods of cultivation of the species of plants grown in the regions of the United States a Illustrated with colored plates, four thousand engravings in the text, and ninety-six full-page cuts. New York, Macmillan, 1919 [c1914] url p. 2696, p. 2697, p. 2699, p. 865.
• Trees and shrubs hardy in the British Isles / by W. J. Bean. London: J. Murray, 1916. url , p. 413, p. 64.
• Trees and shrubs, hardy in the British isles. LondonJ. Murray1914 url p. 64.
• Yü Te-tsun, Lu Ling-ti, Ku Tsue-chih, Li Chao-luan, Kuan Ke-chien & Chiang Wan-fu. 1974, 1985, 1986. Rosaceae. In: Yü Te-tsun, ed., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 36: 1443; 37: 1516; 38: 1133.
• Yü Te-tsun, Lu Ling-ti, Ku Tsue-chih, Li Chao-luan, Kuan Ke-chien & Chiang Wan-fu. 1974, 1985, 1986. Rosaceae. In: Yü Te-tsun, ed., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 36: 1443; 37: 1516; 38: 1133.

Notes

Contributors

• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 10, 2012.

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2671365
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-507505
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 16148466
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 507505
• U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: COMU10
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 32688

Footnotes

1. Cuizhi Gu, Chaoluan Li, Lingdi Lu, Shunyuan Jiang, Crinan Alexander, Bruce Bartholomew, Anthony R. Brach, David E. Boufford, Hiroshi Ikeda, Hideaki Ohba, Kenneth R. Robertson & Steven A. Spongberg "Rosaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 9 Page 46. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
2. Lu Ling-ti, Anthony R. Brach "Cotoneaster". in Flora of China Vol. 9 Page 85. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]

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