Cosmos sulphureus

• Overview
• Interesting Facts
• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Overview

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Click on the language to view common names.

Description

Family Compositae

The largest family of flowering plants , the Compositae (Asteraceae), comprising about 1,100 genera and more than 20,000 species and characterized by many small flowers arranged in a head looking like a single flower and subtended by an involucre of bracts. A head may consist of both ray flowers and disk flowers, as in the sunflower, of disk flowers only, as in the burdock, or of ray flowers only, as in the dandelion.

Tribe Heliantheae

The Heliantheae are a tribe of closely related genera of the sunflower family that can be readily recognized due to the association of a receptacular bract or chaff scale with each disk floret in the head . The heads usually include bisexual , actinomorphic disk florets with tubular corollas that have 4 or 5 distal lobes and also peripheral zygomorphic female or sometimes sterile florets with strap-shaped corollas that have 3 or fewer distal teeth. However, the ray flowers are sometimes absent and the heads are then discoid , containing only bisexual florets with tubular corollas. The pappus is absent or more commonly ranges from scales to stiff bristles . -- Gerald Carr.

Genus Cosmos

Annuals [perennials or subshrubs ], 30-250 cm. Stems usually 1, erect or ascending , branched distally or ± throughout. Leaves mostly cauline; opposite; petiolate or sessile; blades usually 1-3-pinnately lobed [undivided], ultimate margins usually entire, faces usually glabrous , sometimes glabrate , hispid , puberulent , or scabridulous . Heads radiate , borne singly or in corymbiform arrays. Calyculi of [5-]8 basally connate , ± linear to subulate , herbaceous (striate ) bractlets . Involucres hemispheric or subhemispheric [cylindric ], 3-15 mm diam. Phylla­ries persistent , [5-]8 in ± 2 series, distinct , lanceolate, lance-oblong, lance-ovate, or oblong , ± equal, membranous or herbaceous, margins ± scarious . Receptacles flat, paleate; paleae falling, linear, flat or slightly concave-convex, scarious (entire). Ray florets [0, 5] 8 (more in "double" cultivars), neuter ; corollas white to pink or purple, or yellow to red-orange. Disc florets 10-20[-80+], bisexual , fertile ; corollas yellow [orange] (at least distally), tubes shorter than funnelform throats , lobes 5, ± deltate (staminal filaments hairy near anthers ; style branches linear, flattened, thicker distally, hirtellous, appendages relatively slender). Cypselae (dark brown or black) relatively slender, quadrangular-cylindric or -fusiform [outer somewhat obcompressed ], sometimes slightly arcuate , attenuate-beaked, not winged [winged], faces glabrous or hispid to scabridulous or ± setose , sometimes papillate , usually with 1 groove ; pappi persistent [falling], of 2-4[-8] retrorsely [antrorsely] barbed awns , sometimes 0. x = 12.

Species ca. 26: tropical and subtropical America, especially Mexico, widely introduced elsewhere.[1]

Physical Description

Habitat

Disturbed sites; 0-1000 m [2].

Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 2,382 meters (0 to 7,815 feet).[3]

Biology

Reproduction

Duration: Annual

Growth

Culture: Space 9-12" apart.

Soil: Minimum pH: 7.9 • Maximum pH: 8.5

Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Full Sun .

Moisture: Drought Tolerance: High

Temperature: Cold Hardiness: Not Applicable (map)

Taxonomy

Synonyms

Bidens sulphurea (Cav.) Sch. Bip.

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name .

Comment: Data Providers: CONABIO, Caribbean Checklist , African Flowering Plants Database , SANBI, New Zealand Plant Name Database, Flora Malesiana, Govaerts World Compositae Checklist A-G, IPNI, Panama Checklist, MesoAmericana, Tropicos, Euro+Med, Vietnam Flora, Q. GCC LSID: urn :lsid:compositae.org:names:322624F0-7F5F-46EB-BC6A-DCDE7E3B4273

Last scrutiny: 18-Nov-09

Similar Species

Members of the genus Cosmos

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 48 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus:

C. atrosanguineus (Chocolate Cosmos) · C. bipinnatus (Common Cosmos) · C. bipinnatus 'Candy Stripe' (Common Cosmos) · C. bipinnatus 'Dancing Petticoats' (Common Cosmos) · C. bipinnatus 'Daydream' (Common Cosmos) · C. bipinnatus 'Dazzler' (Common Cosmos) · C. bipinnatus 'Double Click' (Common Cosmos) · C. bipinnatus 'Dwarf Sensation Mix' (Common Cosmos) · C. bipinnatus 'Early Sensation' (Common Cosmos) · C. bipinnatus 'Early Sensation Albatross' (Common Cosmos) · C. Bipinnatus 'Gazebo White' (Common Cosmos) · C. bipinnatus 'Gloria' (Common Cosmos) · C. bipinnatus 'Picotee' (Common Cosmos) · C. bipinnatus 'Pied Piper' (Common Cosmos) · C. bipinnatus 'Pinkie' (Common Cosmos) · C. bipinnatus 'Psyche Mixed' (Common Cosmos) · C. bipinnatus 'Psycho' (Common Cosmos) · C. bipinnatus 'Purity' (Common Cosmos) · C. bipinnatus 'Radiance' (Common Cosmos) · C. bipinnatus 'Seashells' (Common Cosmos) · C. bipinnatus 'Sensation Mix' (Common Cosmos) · C. bipinnatus 'Sonata Carmine' (Carmine Cosmos) · C. bipinnatus 'Sonata Pink' (Pink Cosmos) · C. bipinnatus 'Sonata Pink Blush' (Sonata Pink Blush Cosmos) · C. bipinnatus 'Sonata Series Mixed' (Common Cosmos) · C. bipinnatus 'Sonata White' (Common Cosmos) · C. bipinnatus 'Versailles Mix' (Common Cosmos) · C. bipinnatus 'Versailles Rose' (Common Cosmos) · C. bipinnatus 'Versailles Tetra' (Common Cosmos) · C. bipinnatus 'Versailles Tetra Pink' (Common Cosmos) · C. bipinnatus 'Yellow Garden' (Common Cosmos) · C. caudatus (Wild Cosmos) · C. parviflorus (Dwarf Wild Cosmos) · C. peucedanifolius (Perennial Cosmos) · C. sulphureus (Klondike Cosmos) · C. sulphureus 'Ladybird Scarlet' (Klondike Cosmos) · C. sulphureus 'Bright Lights' (Klondike Cosmos) · C. sulphureus 'Cosmic Mix' (Common Cosmos) · C. sulphureus 'Cosmic Orange' (Common Cosmos) · C. sulphureus 'Cosmic Red' (Common Cosmos) · C. sulphureus 'Cosmic Yellow' (Common Cosmos) · C. sulphureus 'Ladybird Dwarf' (Cosmos) · C. sulphureus 'Ladybird Dwarf Lemon' (Cosmos) · C. sulphureus 'Lemon Twist' (Cosmos) · C. sulphureus 'Polidor' (Klondike Cosmos) · C. sulphureus 'Red Crest' (Klondike Cosmos) · C. sulphureus 'Solar Flare' (Klondike Cosmos) · C. sulphureus 'Sunny Red' (Klondike Cosmos)

More Info

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Further Reading

• A little book of annuals, New York, The A. T. De La Mare company, inc., 1922. url p. 49.
• A systematic catalogue of the flowering plants and ferns indigenous to or growing wild in Ceylon. Colombo: G. J. A. Skeen, 1885. url .
• An enumeration of Philippine flowering plants, Manila, Bureau of Printing, 1922-26. url p. 614.
• Anales de la Sociedad Española de Historia Natural. Madrid: La Sociedad, url p. 275, p. 275.
• Annales du Jardin botanique de Buitenzorg. Suppl. 3 1910 Leiden [etc.]: E. J. Brill [etc.] url p. 400.
• Biologia centrali-americana; or, Contributions to the knowledge of the fauna and flora of Mexico and Central America. London, Pub. for the editors by R. H. Porter and Dulau & co., 1879-88. url .
• Britton, N. L. (ed.). North American flora. [New York]New York Botanical Garden. url p. 1036, p. 63, p. 76.
• Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club. 46 1919 New York: Torrey Botanical Club, 1870-1996 url p. 105, p. 521.
• Compositae newsletter. Columbus, Ohio: Dept. of Botany, Ohio State University, 1975- url p. 102, p. 33, p. 48, p. 6.
• Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 45 2003 Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1890- url p. 161, p. 275, p. 383, p. 440, p. 448, p. 513.
• Contributions from the University of Michigan Herbarium. 14 1980 Ann Arbor: University Herbarium, University of Michigan, 1939- url p. 128, p. 165, p. 238.
• Cyclopedia of American horticulture, comprising suggestions for cultivation of horticultural plants, descriptions of the species of fruits, vegetables, flowers and ornamental plants sold in the United by L. H. Bailey. .. assisted by William Miller. .. and many expert cultivators and botanists. London: The Macmillan company, 1909. url p. 385.
• Flora Vitiensis nova: a new Flora of Fiji (spermatophytes only) / Albert C. Smith. Lawaii, Hawaii: Pacific Tropical Botanical Garden, 1979- url p. 284.
• Flora of Bermuda. .. by Nathaniel Lord Britton. .. New York, C. Scribner's sons, 1918. url p. 408.
• Flora of Bermuda... by Nathaniel Lord Britton... New York, Scribner, 1918. url p. 408.
• Flora of Costa Rica. .. by Paul C. Standley. .. 18 1938 Chicago, 1937. url p. 1448.
• Flora of Guatemala / Dorothy L. Nash, Louis O. Williams; genera contributed by Kenneth M. Becker. .. [et al.]. 24 1976 Chicago, Ill.: Field Museum of Natural History, 1976. url p. 229, p. 233.
• Garden and forest; a journal of horticulture, landscape art and forestry. New York: The Garden and forest publishing co., 1888-97. url , , p. 396, p. 426, p. 481, p. 484.
• Gardening. Chicago, the Gardening Co., 1892-1925. url p. 82.
• Horticulture. Boston, Mass.: Horticulture Pub. Co., c1904- url p. 575.
• Illinois Natural History Survey bulletin. Champaign, Ill.: The Survey, 1987- url p. 295.
• Introduction to agriculture: practical studies in crop production. Boston: Heath, c1916. url p. 84.
• Inventory of seeds and plants imported / U.S. Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Plant Industry. Washington, D.C.: G.P.O., 1914-1924. url p. 168, p. 67, p. 90.
• Johnson's Gardeners' dictionary and cultural instructor. London, A. T. De La Mare printing and publishing co., ltd.[1916] url p. 238.
• Journal of Hymenoptera research. Washington, D.C.: International Society of Hymenopterists, [1992- url p. 372.
• Journal of mycology. Manhattan, Kan.: [s.n.], 1885-1908. url p. 213.
• Journal of the New York Botanical Garden. 24 1923 Lancaster, Pa.: Published for the Garden by the New Era Printing Co., 1900- url p. 35.
• Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences. Washington [etc., Washington Academy of Sciences] url p. 613, p. 616, p. 617, p. 618, p. 619, p. 620, p. 702, p. 707.
• Leaflets of Philippine botany. 1 1906 Manila: Oriental Printing Co., 1906-1939. url p. 172.
• Manual of the southeastern flora: being descriptions of the seed plants growing naturally in Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, eastern Louisiana, Tennessee, North Carolina, South Carolina and Georgia. 1933 New York: The author, 1933. url p. 1454.
• Manual of vascular plants of the lower Yangtze Valley, China. Corvallis, Oregon State College[1958] url p. 404.
• Nature. London, Macmillan. url p. 32.
• Observations on the gestation of some sharks and rays / Calcutta: Asiatic Society, 1891. url p. 321.
• Photoperiodism and related phenomena in plants and animals; proceedings, edited by Robert B. Withrow, with the cooperation of Arthur C. Giese [and others]. Washington, 1959. url p. 378, p. 880.
• Photosynthesis and related processes, by Eugene I. Rabinowitch. .. New York, N.Y., Interscience Publishers, inc., 1945- url p. 1437.
• Phytologia memoirs. Plainfield, N.J.: H.N. Moldenke and A.L. Moldenke, 1980- url p. 287.
• Phytologia. Bronx Park, New York, H.A. Gleason and H.N. Moldenke, url p. 201, p. 335, p. 436, p. 442.
• Plant culture; a working hand-book of every day practice for all who grow flowering and ornamental plants in the garden and greenhouse, by George W. Oliver. New York, A. T. De La Mare Printing and Publishing Co., c1912. url , p. 75, p. 75.
• Plant culture; a working handbook of every day practice for all who grow flowering and ornamental plants in the garden and greenhouse, New York, A. T. De La Mare Co., Inc.[c1921] url .
• Plants for California landscapes: a catalog of drought tolerant plants. [Sacramento, Calif.]: State of California, Resources Agency, Dept. of Water Resources, [1979] url p. 92.
• Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Boston: Metcalf and Co., 1846-1958 url p. 429.
• Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales. Sydney, Linnean Society of New South Wales. url p. 218.
• Revision of the genus Coreopsis, by Earl Edward Sherff. 11 1936 Chicago, 1936. url p. 452.
• Revision of the genus Cosmos, by Earl Edward Sherff... 8 1932 Chicago, Ill.:Field Museum of Natural History, 1932. url p. 404, p. 408.
• Seeds and plants imported / U.S. Department of Agriculture. Washington, D.C.: G.P.O., 1903-1913. url p. 71, p. 84.
• Some south Indian insects and other animals of importance considered especially from an economic point of view / by T. Bainbrigge Fletcher. Madras, Printed by the superintendent, government press, 1914. url p. 269.
• Standardized plant names; a catalogue of approved scientific and common names of plants in American commerce. Salem, Mass., 1923. url p. 99.
• The Florists' exchange: a weekly medium of interchange for florists, nurserymen, seedsmen and the trade in general. New York, N.Y.: [A.T. De la Mare Ptg. and Pub. Co., url p. 1220, p. 73.
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• The flora of British India. London, L. Reeve & Co., 1875-97. url .
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• The flowering process. New York, Macmillan, 1963. url p. 211, p. 212.
• The genus Bidens. .. by Earl Edward Sherff. 16 1937 Chicago, 1937. url p. 634, p. 635.
• The standard cyclopedia of horticulture; a discussion, for the amateur, and the professional and commercial grower, of the kinds, characteristics and methods of cultivation of the species of plants grown in the regions of the United States a Illustrated with colored plates, four thousand engravings in the text, and ninety-six full-page cuts. New York, Macmillan, 1919 [c1914] url p. 861, p. 863.
• The vegetation of the New Jersey Pine-Barrens: an ecologic investigation / by John W. Harshberger. Philadelphia: Christopher Sower Company, 1916. url p. 173.
• Vernalization and photoperiodism, a symposium by A. E. Murneek [and others] Foreword by Kenneth V. Thimann. Waltham, Mass., Chronica Botanica Co., 1948. url p. 113, p. 93, p. 96.
• Pandey, A. K., S. Chopra, and R. P. Singh. 1986. Development and structure of seeds and fruits in Compositae: Cosmos species. J. Indian Bot. Soc. 65: 362-368.
• Sherff, E. E. 1955. Cosmos. In: N. L. Britton et al., eds. 1905+. North American Flora. 47+ vols. New York. Ser. 2, part. 2, pp. 130-146.

Notes

Contributors

• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 10, 2012.

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 13, 2007:

• Australian National Herbarium
• , Australian National Herbarium
• Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum, Bishop Museum Natural History Specimen Data
• Comisión nacional para el conocimiento y uso de la biodiversidad, Herbario del Instituto de Ecología, A.C., México
• Herbarium of the University of Aarhus, The AAU Herbarium Database
• Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad
• , Biodiversidad de Costa Rica
• Missouri Botanical Garden, Missouri Botanical Garden
• School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Arizona State University Vascular Plant Herbarium
• The New York Botanical Garden, Vascular Plant Type Specimens
• USDA PLANTS, USDA PLANTS Database

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2658401
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: Ast-156
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13747803
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:198368-1
• GRIN Nomen Number: 11684
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 37165
• Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: PDAST2N040
• U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: COSU5
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 32680

Footnotes

1. Robert W. Kiger "Cosmos". in Flora of North America Vol. 21 Page 184, 203. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
2. "Cosmos sulphureus". in Flora of North America Vol. 21 Page 203, 205. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
3. Mean = 398.680 meters (1,308.005 feet), Standard Deviation = 464.160 based on 77 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]

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