Cordia sebestena

• Overview
• Interesting Facts
• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Overview

Tree from Florida to the W. Indies, often a street planting in Hawaii. The leaves have a sandpaper texture and the flowers are deep red-orange.

Vulnerable

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Click on the language to view common names.

Description

Family Boraginaceae

Herbs perennial , biennial, or annual , less often lianas, shrubs , or trees , usually bristly or scabrous-pubescent. Leaves simple , exstipulate , alternate, rarely opposite, entire or serrate at margin . Inflorescences often double scorpioid cymes, rarely solitary; bracts present or absent. Flowers bisexual , actinomorphic , rarely zygomorphic. Calyx usually 5-parted or lobed , mostly persistent . Corolla tubular , campanulate , rotate, funnelform , or salverform ; tube appendages 5, rarely more, mostly trapeziform, rarely absent, sometimes a ring of hairs present; limb usually 5-parted; lobes overlapping, rarely twisted in bud. Stamens 5, inserted on corolla tube or rarely at throat , included or rarely exserted; anthers introrse , 2-loculed, usually dorsifixed at base , less often medifixed , dehiscence longitudinal . Nectaries at base of corolla tube or on disc below ovary. Ovary superior, 2-carpellate; locules 2 and each with 2 ovules, or 4 and each with 1 ovule; ovules nearly atropous , semianatropous, or anatropous . Style terminal or gynobasic , branched or not. Gynobase flat, fastigiate , or subulate . Fruit 1-4-seeded drupes or nutlets (mericarps) ; nutlets mostly dry, often ornamented with wings , prickles and/or glochids (stiff bristles with barbed or anchorlike tips ) . Seeds vertical or oblique , coat membranous; embryo straight, less often curved ; cotyledons flat, fleshy .

About 156 genera and 2500 species: temperate and tropical regions , centered in the Mediterranean region; 47 genera and 294 species in China, of which four genera and 156 species are endemic.[1]

Genus Cordia

Trees or shrubs . Leaves alternate, rarely opposite, usually evidently petiolate , margin entire or serrate, rarely lobed . Cymes mostly corymbose , ebracteate . Flowers bisexual , frequently heterostylous or ± functionally unisexual . Calyx tubular or campanulate , enlarged after anthesis , persistent . Corolla white, yellow, or orange-red, campanulate to funnelform , usually (4- or) 5(-8) -lobed; lobes antrorse or recurved. Stamens usually well developed; filaments often pubescent at base . Ovary 4-loculed, glabrous ; ovule 1 per locule. Style twice 2-cleft, each branch with a spatulate or capitate stigma. Drupes ovoid , globose , or ellipsoid , frequently with watery or sticky fleshy mesocarp and bony endocarp, rarely with corky mesocarp or nutlike without fleshy mesocarp. Seeds 1-4, without endosperm; cotyledons plicate .

About 325 species: mostly in tropics of North and South America, poorly represented in Africa and Asia; five species in China.[2]

Physical Description

Habitat

Typically found in the intertidal zone at the water's edge at a mean distance from sea level of -201 meters (-658 feet).[3]

Biome: Coastal.

Biology

Reproduction

Duration: Perennial

Growth

Culture: Space 12-15" apart.

Soil: Minimum pH: 5.6 • Maximum pH: 6.5

Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Sun to Partial Shade.

Temperature: Cold Hardiness: 10a, 10b, 11. (map)

Taxonomy

Synonyms

Sebesten sebestena (L.) Britt. Ex Small

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name .

Last scrutiny: 15-Mar-2000

Similar Species

Members of the genus Cordia

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 34 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus:

C. alliodora (Cypre) · C. angustifolia (Basora) · C. bahamensis (Bahama Manjack) · C. bellonis (Serpentine Manjack) · C. boissieri (Anacahuita) · C. borinquensis (Muneco) · C. collococca (Clammy Cherry) · C. decandra (Carbonillo) · C. dichotoma (Fragrant Manjack) · C. dodecandra (Canalete) · C. gerascanthus (Yauco) · C. globosa (Bloodberry) · C. globosa var. globosa (Curaciao Bush) · C. globosa var. humilis (Curaciao Bush) · C. laevigata (Glossy Cordia) · C. lima (Lija) · C. lutea (Muyuyo) · C. millenii (Drum Tree) · C. myxa (Assyrian Plum) · C. obliqua (Clammy Cherry) · C. panamensis (Hairy Lay-Lay) · C. parvifolia (Little Leaf Cordia) · C. platythyrsa (West African Cordia) · C. podocephala (Texas Manjack) · C. polycephala (Black-Sage) · C. rickseckeri (San Bartolome) · C. rupicola (Puerto Rican Manjack) · C. salicifolia (Cha De Bugre) · C. sebestena (Aloe Wood) · C. subcordata (Kou) · C. sulcata (Mucilage Manjack) · C. verbenacea (Erva Baleera) · C. wagneriorum (Luquillo Mountain Manjack) · C. wagnerorum (Luquillo Mountain Manjack)

More Info

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Further Reading

• A flora of Manila / Manila: Bureau of Printing, 1912, 1974 printing. url .
• A flora of Manila, by E. D. Merrill. Manila, Bureau of Printing, 1912. url p. 393.
• A review of the identifications of the species described in Blanco's Flora de Filipinas, Manila, Bureau of public printing, 1905. url p. 62.
• A voyage of discovery into the South Sea and Beering's [sic] Straits, for the purpose of exploring a north-east passage undertaken in the years 1815-1818, at the expense of His Highness the chancellor of the empire, Count Romanzoff, in the ship Rurick, under the command of the lieutenant in the Russian Imperial Navy, O London: Printed for Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown. .., 1821. url .
• A voyage of discovery, into the South Sea and Beering's straits, for the purpose of exploring a north-east passage, undertaken in the years 1815-1818, at the expense of His Highness. .. Count Romanzoff, in the ship Rurick, London, Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, 1821. url p. 146.
• An enumeration of Philippine flowering plants, Manila, Bureau of Printing, 1922-26. url p. 373.
• Bulletin of miscellaneous information /Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 1918 London: H.M. Stationery Office, 1900-1941. url p. 219.
• Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club. 44 1917 New York: Torrey Botanical Club, 1870-1996 url p. 189.
• Bulletin of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. [Washington, D.C.?]: Supt. of Docs., G.P.O., 1913-1923. url p. 59, p. 94.
• Check list of the forest trees of the United States: their names and ranges / by George B. Sudworth. Washington, D.C.: Dept. of Agriculture, Forestry Division, 1898. url p. 108, p. 116.
• Check-list of the species of fishes known from the Philippine Archipelago, Manila, Bureau of printing, 1910. url p. 327, p. 447.
• Contribution [I]-III to the coastal and plain flora of Yucatan, by Charles Frederick Millspaugh. 1 1898 Chicago, 1895-1898. url p. 386.
• Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 23 1920-1926 Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1890- url p. 1221, p. 127, p. 263.
• Contributions from the University of Michigan Herbarium. 14 1980 Ann Arbor: University Herbarium, University of Michigan, 1939- url p. 117.
• Cooperative economic insect report. Hyattsville, MD. [etc.]Plant Protection and Quarantine Programs Animal and Plant Health Service. url p. 1047, p. 1228, p. 554, p. 71.
• Coral Reefs of the World. url p. 46.
• Curtis's botanical magazine. 21 1805 London; New York [etc.]: Academic Press [etc.] url , p. 13.
• Department of the Interior, Bureau of Government Laboratories. Manila: Bureau of Public Print., 1902-1906. url p. 61.
• FWS/0BS. [Washington]Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Dept. of the Interior. url p. 181.
• Flora Vitiensis nova: a new Flora of Fiji (spermatophytes only) / Albert C. Smith. Lawaii, Hawaii: Pacific Tropical Botanical Garden, 1979- url p. 151, p. 153.
• Flora of Guatemala / Paul C. Standley and Louis O. Williams. 24 1970 Chicago, Ill.: Field Museum of Natural History, 1970. url p. 130.
• Flora of Peru / by J. Francis Macbride. 13 1960 Chicago, U.S.A.: Field Museum of Natural History, [1936] url p. 571.
• Flora of the sand keys of Florida, by Charles Frederick Millspaugh. 2 1907 Chicago, Ill.:Field Columbian Museum, 1907. url p. 203, p. 235, p. 237.
• Forest of Port Rico; Washington, Govt. print. off., 1916. url p. 59, p. 94.
• I, tab. CCL
• II, p. v.
• IUCN Directory of Neotropical Protected Areas IUCN url p. 39.
• Manual of the trees of North America (exclusive of Mexico) by Charles Sprague Sargent, with seven hundred and eighty-three illustrations from drawings by Charles Edward Faxon and Mary W. Gill. Boston and New York, Houghton Mifflin company, 1922. url p. 901, p. 901.
• Maryland geological survey. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins Press, 1901-1923. url p. 898.
• Memoirs of the Torrey Botanical Club. 12 1902-1907 Durham, N.C.: Published for the Club by the Seeman Printery, 1889- url p. 60.
• National list of scientific plant names. [Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service, 1982- url p. 377.
• Phytologia. Bronx Park, New York, H.A. Gleason and H.N. Moldenke, url p. 114, p. 115, p. 116, p. 119, p. 260, p. 261, p. 501.
• Plantae Utowanae. Plants collected in Bermuda, Porto Rico, St. Thomas, Culebras, Santo Domingo, Jamaica, Cuba, The Caymans, Cozumel, Yucatan and the Alacran shoals. Dec. 1898-Mar. 1899. The Antillean cruise of the yach 2 1900 Chicago, 1900. url p. 89.
• Preliminary report on the forest and other vegetation of Pegu. CalcuttaC.B. Lewis, Baptist Mission Press1875 url p. xcii.
• Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society. Honolulu: Hawaiian Entomological Society url , .
• Rafinesque, C. S. Sylva telluriana: Mantis. synopt.: new genera and species of trees and shrubs of North America, and other regions of the earth: omitted or mistaken by the botanical authors and compilers, or not properly classified, now reduced by their natural affinities to the proper natural orders and tribes /By C.S. Rafinesque; being a supplement to the Flora telluriana. 1838 Philadelphia: Printed for the author and publisher, 1838. url p. 38.
• Report on the scientific results of the voyage of H.M.S. Challenger during the years 1873-76: under the command of Captain George S. Nares, R.N., F.R.S. and Captain Frank Turle Thomson, R.N. / prepared under the superintendence of Sir C. Wyville Thomson. Edinburgh: Neill, 1880-1895. url p. 167.
• Standardized plant names; a catalogue of approved scientific and common names of plants in American commerce. Salem, Mass., 1923. url p. 159, p. 497.
• Sturtevant's notes on edible plants / Edited by U.P. Hedrick. Albany: J.B. Lyon, 1919. url p. 190.
• Sylva telluriana. Mantis synopt. New genera and species of trees and shrubs of North America, and other regions of the earth, omitted or mistaken by the botanical authors and compilers, or not properly classified, now By C. S. Rafinesque. Being a supplement to the Flora telluriana. Philadelphia, Printed for the author and publisher, 1838. url p. 38.
• The Bahama Islands / edited by George Burbank Shattuck. [Baltimore]: Johns Hopkins Press; 1905. url p. 262, p. 262.
• The Bahama Islands, London, The Macmillan company, 1905. url p. 262, p. 262.
• The Philippine journal of science. 4 1909 Manila. url p. 688.
• The silva of North America a description of the tree which grow naturally in North America exclusive of Mexico / by Charles Sprague Sargent; illustrated with figures and analyses drawn from nature by Charles Edward Faxon. Boston;Houghton, Mifflin, 1894 url , , .
• The silva of North America: a description of the trees which grow naturally in North America exclusive of Mexico /by Charles Sprague Sargent. .. illustrated with figures and analyses drawn from nature by Charles Edward Faxon. .. 6 1894 Boston, New York: Houghton, Mifflin and company, 1891-1902. url p. 69, p. 70, tab. CCL
• Trees and shrubs of Mexico / By Paul C. Standley. Washington, Govt. Print. Off., 1920-1926. url p. 1221.
• Vegetable substances: materials of manufactures / [published under the superintendence of the Society of the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge]. London: C. Knight, 1833. url p. 374.
• [Publications] - Bureau of Government Laboratories. Manila, Bureau of Public Printing, 1903-1906. url p. 61, p. 62.
• Wang Wen-tsai, Liu Yu-lan, Zhu Ge-ling, Lian Yong-shan, Wang Jing-quan & Wang Qing-rui in Kung Xian-wu & Wang Wen-tsai, eds. 1989. Boraginaceae. Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 64(2): 1-253.

Notes

Contributors

• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 9, 2012.

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 12, 2007:

• Australian National Herbarium
• , Australian National Herbarium
• Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum, Bishop Museum Natural History Specimen Data
• Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden, Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden Virtual Herbarium Darwin Core format
• GBIF-Spain, Jardín Botánico de Córdoba: Herbarium COA
• Missouri Botanical Garden, Missouri Botanical Garden
• USDA PLANTS, USDA PLANTS Database

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2654578
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-31748
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13745887
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:114535-1
• GRIN Nomen Number: 11494
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 31748
• International Plant Names Index (IPNI) ID: 114531-1
• Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: PDBOR090J0
• U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: SESE12
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 30125

Footnotes

1. Gelin Zhu, Harald Riedl & Rudolf V. Kamelin "Boraginaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 16 Page 329. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
2. "Cordia". in Flora of China Vol. 16 Page 331. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
3. Standard Deviation = 757.630 based on 65 observations. Terrestrial altitude and ocean depth information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]

©2004-2012 David Stang. All rights reserved.