Cordia alliodora

• Overview
• Interesting Facts
• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Overview

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Click on the language to view common names.

Description

Family Boraginaceae

Herbs perennial , biennial, or annual , less often lianas, shrubs , or trees , usually bristly or scabrous-pubescent. Leaves simple , exstipulate , alternate, rarely opposite, entire or serrate at margin . Inflorescences often double scorpioid cymes, rarely solitary; bracts present or absent. Flowers bisexual , actinomorphic , rarely zygomorphic. Calyx usually 5-parted or lobed , mostly persistent . Corolla tubular , campanulate , rotate, funnelform , or salverform ; tube appendages 5, rarely more, mostly trapeziform, rarely absent, sometimes a ring of hairs present; limb usually 5-parted; lobes overlapping, rarely twisted in bud. Stamens 5, inserted on corolla tube or rarely at throat , included or rarely exserted; anthers introrse , 2-loculed, usually dorsifixed at base , less often medifixed , dehiscence longitudinal . Nectaries at base of corolla tube or on disc below ovary. Ovary superior, 2-carpellate; locules 2 and each with 2 ovules, or 4 and each with 1 ovule; ovules nearly atropous , semianatropous, or anatropous . Style terminal or gynobasic , branched or not. Gynobase flat, fastigiate , or subulate . Fruit 1-4-seeded drupes or nutlets (mericarps) ; nutlets mostly dry, often ornamented with wings , prickles and/or glochids (stiff bristles with barbed or anchorlike tips ) . Seeds vertical or oblique , coat membranous; embryo straight, less often curved ; cotyledons flat, fleshy .

About 156 genera and 2500 species: temperate and tropical regions , centered in the Mediterranean region; 47 genera and 294 species in China, of which four genera and 156 species are endemic.[1]

Genus Cordia

Trees or shrubs . Leaves alternate, rarely opposite, usually evidently petiolate , margin entire or serrate, rarely lobed . Cymes mostly corymbose , ebracteate . Flowers bisexual , frequently heterostylous or ± functionally unisexual . Calyx tubular or campanulate , enlarged after anthesis , persistent . Corolla white, yellow, or orange-red, campanulate to funnelform , usually (4- or) 5(-8) -lobed; lobes antrorse or recurved. Stamens usually well developed; filaments often pubescent at base . Ovary 4-loculed, glabrous ; ovule 1 per locule. Style twice 2-cleft, each branch with a spatulate or capitate stigma. Drupes ovoid , globose , or ellipsoid , frequently with watery or sticky fleshy mesocarp and bony endocarp, rarely with corky mesocarp or nutlike without fleshy mesocarp. Seeds 1-4, without endosperm; cotyledons plicate .

About 325 species: mostly in tropics of North and South America, poorly represented in Africa and Asia; five species in China.[2]

Physical Description

Habitat

Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 4,936 meters (0 to 16,194 feet).[3]

Biology

Reproduction

Duration: Perennial • Coppice Potential: Yes • Progagated by Bulbs: No • Propagated by Bare Root: Yes • Propagated by Container: Yes • Propagated by Corms: No • Propagated by Cuttings: No • Propagated by Seed: Yes • Propagated by Sod: No • Propagated by Sprigs: No • Propagated by Tubers: No • Fruit/Seed Period Begin: Spring • Fruit/Seed Period End: Spring • Fruit/Seed Persistence: No

Growth

Soil: Adapted to Medium Textured: Adapted to Medium Textured Soils • Adapted to Coarse Textured Soils: No • Anaerobic Tolerance: None • Salinity Tolerance: None • CaCO3 Tolerance: Low • Minimum pH: 4.5 • Maximum pH: 7.5 • Fertility Requirement: Low

Sunlight: Shade Tolerance: Intolerant

Moisture: Drought Tolerance: Low • Minimum Precipitation: 30 • Maximum Precipitation: 200 • Moisture Use: High

Temperature: Minimum Temperature (F): 57 • Minimum Frost Free Days: 365

Taxonomy

Synonyms

Cerdana alliodora Ruiz and Pav.

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name .

Last scrutiny: 15-Mar-2000

Similar Species

Members of the genus Cordia

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 34 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus:

C. alliodora (Cypre) · C. angustifolia (Basora) · C. bahamensis (Bahama Manjack) · C. bellonis (Serpentine Manjack) · C. boissieri (Anacahuita) · C. borinquensis (Muneco) · C. collococca (Clammy Cherry) · C. decandra (Carbonillo) · C. dichotoma (Fragrant Manjack) · C. dodecandra (Canalete) · C. gerascanthus (Yauco) · C. globosa (Bloodberry) · C. globosa var. globosa (Curaciao Bush) · C. globosa var. humilis (Curaciao Bush) · C. laevigata (Glossy Cordia) · C. lima (Lija) · C. lutea (Muyuyo) · C. millenii (Drum Tree) · C. myxa (Assyrian Plum) · C. obliqua (Clammy Cherry) · C. panamensis (Hairy Lay-Lay) · C. parvifolia (Little Leaf Cordia) · C. platythyrsa (West African Cordia) · C. podocephala (Texas Manjack) · C. polycephala (Black-Sage) · C. rickseckeri (San Bartolome) · C. rupicola (Puerto Rican Manjack) · C. salicifolia (Cha De Bugre) · C. sebestena (Aloe Wood) · C. subcordata (Kou) · C. sulcata (Mucilage Manjack) · C. verbenacea (Erva Baleera) · C. wagneriorum (Luquillo Mountain Manjack) · C. wagnerorum (Luquillo Mountain Manjack)

More Info

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Further Reading

• Botanical Museum leaflets, Harvard University. 11 1943 Cambridge, Mass.: Botanical Museum, Harvard University, 1932- url p. 47.
• Britton, N. L. (ed.). North American flora. 7 1922 [New York]New York Botanical Garden. url p. 493, p. 883.
• Bulletin - United States National Museum. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, [etc.];1877-1971. url p. 191, p. 452.
• Bulletin / Illinois Natural History Survey. Urbana, State of Illinois, Dept. of Registration and Education, Natural History Survey Division, 1918-1985. url p. 154.
• Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College. 90 1942 Cambridge, Mass.: The Museum, 1863- url descr. of plate 2 , descr. of plate 8 , descr. of plate 3 , descr. of plate 9 , descr. of plate 4 , descr. of plate 1 , descr. of plate 5 , descr. of plate 6 , descr. of plate 7 , p. 107, p. 113, p. 12, p. 14, p. 180, p. 184, p. 193, p. 194, p. 195, p. 197, p. 198, p. 205, p. 206, p. 210, p. 213, p. 219, p. 228, p. 231, p. 232, p. 233, p. 237, p. 245, p. 252, p. 253, p. 257, p. 258, p. 259, p. 26, p. 27, p. 30, p. 35, p. 38, p. 40, p. 55, p. 59, p. 63.
• Bulletin of the New York Botanical Garden. Lancaster, Pa.: Published for the Garden by the New Era Printing Co., url p. 318, p. 402.
• Bulletin of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. [Washington, D.C.?]: Supt. of Docs., G.P.O., 1913-1923. url p. 59, p. 94.
• Catalogue of the products of the Brazilian forests at the International exhibition in Philadelphia, by José de Saldanha da Gama. .. New York, "O Novo mundo" printing office, 1876. url p. 10.
• Common trees of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands / by Elbert L. Little, Jr., and Frank H. Wadsworth. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, 1964. url , p. 466, p. 468, p. 469, p. 535.
• Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 23 1920-1926 Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1890- url p. 1216, p. 1218, p. 1681, p. 19, p. 318.
• Contributions from the University of Michigan Herbarium. 1 1939 Ann Arbor: University Herbarium, University of Michigan, 1939- url p. 10, p. 107, p. 123, p. 13, p. 18, p. 19, p. 22, p. 27.
• Entomological news. [Philadelphia]American Entomological Society, 1925- url p. 139.
• Feasibility study for national forest resource accounting in Ecuador IIED, WCMC url p. 9.
• Flora Costaricensis / William Burger, editor. 13 1983 Chicago, Ill.: Field Museum of Natural History, 1983. url p. 250, p. 75.
• Flora Malesiana. general editor, C.G.G.J. van Steenis. Djakarta: Noordhoff-Kolff, 1950- url p. 58, p. 71.
• Flora Vitiensis nova: a new Flora of Fiji (spermatophytes only) / Albert C. Smith. Lawaii, Hawaii: Pacific Tropical Botanical Garden, 1979- url p. 154.
• Flora of Costa Rica. .. by Paul C. Standley. .. 18 1938 Chicago, 1937. url p. 980.
• Flora of Guatemala / Paul C. Standley and Louis O. Williams. 24 1973 Chicago, Ill.: Field Museum of Natural History, 1973. url , p. 118, fig. 23, page 119.
• Flora of Peru / by J. Francis Macbride. 13 1960 Chicago, U.S.A.: Field Museum of Natural History, [1936] url p. 574, p. 579.
• Flora of Yucatan, by Paul C. Standley. 3 1930 Chicago, Field Museum of Natural History, 1930. url p. 396.
• Flora of the Lancetilla Valley, Honduras, by Paul C. Standley. 10 1931 Chicago, Field Museum of Natural History, 1931. url p. 331.
• Forest of Port Rico; Washington, Govt. print. off., 1916. url p. 59, p. 94.
• Guide to the Economic Museum of the New York Botanical Garden. New York, 1921. url p. 318.
• IUCN Directory of Neotropical Protected Areas IUCN url p. 174, p. 197, p. 202, p. 269, p. 276, p. 340, p. 348, p. 397.
• Journal of Hymenoptera research. Washington, D.C.: International Society of Hymenopterists, [1992- url p. 131, p. 132, p. 136, p. 138, p. 139, p. 142, p. 144, p. 146, p. 156, p. 29, p. 48, p. 50, p. 62.
• Journal of ethnobiology. 17 1997 Flagstaff, Ariz.: Center for Western Studies, 1981- url p. 183, p. 202, p. 226, p. 293.
• Novon a journal of botanical nomenclature from the Missouri Botanical Garden. 13 2003 St. Louis, MO: Missouri Botanical Garden, url p. 435.
• Occasional papers of the California Academy of Sciences. San Francisco: California Academy of Sciences, url p. 15, p. 5.
• Phytologia memoirs. Plainfield, N.J.: H.N. Moldenke and A.L. Moldenke, 1980- url p. 239.
• Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. Washington, Biological Society of Washington url p. 231, p. 243.
• Proceedings of the United States National Museum. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, [etc.] url p. 205, p. 656.
• Productivity and herbivory in high and low diversity tropical successional ecosystems in Costa Rica / by Becky Jean Brown. 1982. url p. 19.
• Protected Landscapes: experience around the world. Prepared for the International Symposium on Protected Landscapes, Grange-over-Sands, England 5-10 October 1987 IUCN url p. 332.
• Publication / Institute of Social Anthropology. Washington: U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1944- url p. 152.
• The Asa Gray bulletin. 2 1953 Ann Arbor, Mich. url p. 49, p. xii.
• The Bradley bibliography; a guide to the literature of the woody plants of the world published before the beginning of the twentieth century; Cambridge, Riverside Press, 1911-18. url p. 748.
• The Conservation Atlas of Tropical Forests: the Americas IUCN url p. 161, p. 164, p. 171, p. 186.
• The Ecology of arboreal folivores: a symposium held at the Conservation and Research Center, National Zoological Park, Smithsonian Institution, May 29-31, 1975 / Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1978. url p. 110, p. 345, p. 346, p. 349, p. 539, p. 542, p. 565, p. 566, p. 569.
• The Journal of the Board of Commissioners of Agriculture. San Juan: [Board of Commissioners of Agriculture, 1917]. url p. 168, p. 231.
• The University of Kansas science bulletin. [Lawrence]: University of Kansas, 1902-1996. url p. 319, p. 378, p. 379, p. 483, p. 485, p. 488, p. 491.
• The conservation and sustainable use of the crop genetic resources of Central America. A Darwin initiative funded project. Report on phase 1 WCMC url p. 23, p. 30, p. 38.
• The flora of Barro Colorado Island, Panama, by Paul C. Standley. City of Washington, The Smithsonian Institution, 1927. url p. 27.
• The forests and flora of British Honduras / by Paul C. Standley and Samuel J. Record; in cooperation with the Conservator of Forests and the Agricultural Officer of the Colony. 12 1936 Chicago: [Field Museum of Natural History], 1936. url p. 25, p. 335, p. 44.
• The silva of North America a description of the tree which grow naturally in North America exclusive of Mexico / by Charles Sprague Sargent; illustrated with figures and analyses drawn from nature by Charles Edward Faxon. Boston;Houghton, Mifflin, 1902 url .
• The silva of North America: a description of the trees which grow naturally in North America exclusive of Mexico /by Charles Sprague Sargent. .. illustrated with figures and analyses drawn from nature by Charles Edward Faxon. .. 14 1902 Boston, New York: Houghton, Mifflin and company, 1891-1902. url p. 119, p. 122, p. 68.
• Trees and shrubs of Mexico / By Paul C. Standley. Washington, Govt. Print. Off., 1920-1926. url p. 1216, p. 1218, p. 1681.
• Woods of northeastern Peru, by Llewelyn Williams. 15 1936 Chicago, 1936. url p. 433, p. 514, p. 56.
• Wang Wen-tsai, Liu Yu-lan, Zhu Ge-ling, Lian Yong-shan, Wang Jing-quan & Wang Qing-rui in Kung Xian-wu & Wang Wen-tsai, eds. 1989. Boraginaceae. Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 64(2): 1-253.

Notes

Contributors

• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 9, 2012.

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal December 02, 2007:

• Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum, Bishop Museum Natural History Specimen Data
• Biologiezentrum der Oberoesterreichischen Landesmuseen, Biologiezentrum Linz
• Comisión nacional para el conocimiento y uso de la biodiversidad, Banco Nacional de Germoplasma Vegetal, México
• GBIF-Spain, Jardín Botánico de Córdoba: Herbarium COA
• Herbarium of the University of Aarhus, The AAU Herbarium Database
• Herbier de la Guyane, Herbier de la Guyane
• Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad
• , Biodiversidad de Costa Rica
• Missouri Botanical Garden, Missouri Botanical Garden
• SysTax, Botanische Staatssammlung Munchen
• SysTax, Herbarium Universitat Ulm
• SysTax, SysTax
• Utah State University, USU-UTC Specimen Database

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2654579
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-31751
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13745886
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:65180-2
• GRIN Nomen Number: 11470
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 31751
• International Plant Names Index (IPNI) ID: 113943-1
• U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: COAL
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 30266

Footnotes

1. Gelin Zhu, Harald Riedl & Rudolf V. Kamelin "Boraginaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 16 Page 329. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
2. "Cordia". in Flora of China Vol. 16 Page 331. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
3. Mean = 517.910 meters (1,699.180 feet), Standard Deviation = 800.210 based on 711 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]

©2004-2012 David Stang. All rights reserved.