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Corchorus trilocularis

(Three Locule Corchorus (Swaziland))

Common Names

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Click on the language to view common names.

Common Names in Arabic:

Al Molukhiya

Common Names in Chinese:

San Shi Huang Ma

Common Names in English:

African Jute, Native Jute (Swaziland), Three Locule Corchorus (Swaziland), Threelocule Corchorus, Wild Jute (Swaziland)

Common Names in French:

Jute Sauvage

Common Names in Greek:

Agria Giuta

Common Names in Russian:

Dzhut Trekhgnezdnyi

Description

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Family Tiliaceae

Trees , shrubs , or herbs. Leaves simple , alternate or rarely opposite, basally veined, entire or serrate, sometimes lobed ; stipule, when present, caducous or persistent . Inflorescences cymose or cymose-paniculate. Flowers bisexual or unisexual (plants dioecious), actinomorphic . Bracts caducous or sometimes large and persistent. Sepals (4 or) 5, free or sometimes basally connate , valvate . Petals as many as sepals, sometimes absent, free, usually glandular on adaxial surface. Androgynophore present or absent. Stamens numerous , rarely 5, free or connate into fascicles at base ; anthers 2-loculed, dehiscence longitudinal or apical; petaloid staminodes alternating with petals or absent. Ovary superior, 2-6-loculed, sometimes more; ovules 1 to many per locule; placentation axile ; style simple, sometimes free; stigma acute or peltate, usually lobed. Fruit usually a drupe, capsule, or schizocarp, sometimes a berry or samara, 2-10-loculed. Seeds without aril; endosperm copious ; embryo erect ; cotyledons flat.

About 52 genera and ca. 500 species: primarily in tropical and subtropical areas; 11 genera and 70 species (32 endemic) in China.

Molecular data have shown that the members of the Tiliaceae as here defined fall clearly into four clades that can either be treated as subfamilies within an enlarged Malvaceae or as families in their own right . In this view the Tiliaceae/Tilioideae is restricted to Tilia and Craigia, along with the Central American Mortoniodendron Standley & Steyermark; Colona, Corchorus, Grewia, Microcos, and Triumfetta are placed in the Sparrmanniaceae/Grewioideae; Berrya and Diplodiscus are placed in the Brownlowiaceae/Brownlowioideae; and Burretiodendron and Excentrodendron form a basal group of uncertain placement, possibly most closely allied to the Pentapetaceae/Dombeyoideae which includes mostly genera here placed in the Sterculiaceae.

Plagiopteron Griffith, included in the Tiliaceae in FRPS (49(1) : 48-50. 1989), is now regarded as either a member of the Celastraceae or a separate family , Plagiopteraceae (see Fl. China 11) .[1]

Genus Corchorus

Herbs or subshrubs . Leaves petiolate ; stipules filiform ; leaf blade papery , basal veins usually 3, usually with linear appendages at or near base , margin serrate, serrulate , or crenate . Flowers solitary or several arranged in cymes, axillary or extra-axillary , bisexual , yellow. Sepals 4 or 5. Petals 4 or 5; glands absent. Stamens 15 to many, on androgynophore , free ; staminodes absent. Ovary 2-5-loculed; ovules many per locule; style short; stigma peltate or disk-shaped, entire or lobed . Fruit a capsule, cylindrical or globose , sometimes angled , 2-5-valved, loculicidally dehiscent . Seeds many.

Between 40 and 100 species: primarily in tropical regions .

Several species have been grown as a fiber crop . Corchorus capsularis and C. olitorius are the source of the important fiber jute.[2]

Physical Description

Species Corchorus trilocularis

Herbs annual or perennial , many branched, pilose . Stipule subulate ; petiole 0.5-1 cm, pilose; leaf blade elliptic or ovate-oblong, 1.5-3 × 1-2 cm, hairy only on veins abaxially, glabrous adaxially, lateral basal veins 1/3 as long as leaf blade, base broadly rounded , margin crenate , apex obtuse . Cymes opposite to leaves, 1-3-flowered; peduncle very short. Sepals ca. 5 mm. Petals nearly spatulate , 5-6 mm. Stamens 15-20; filaments 5-6 mm. Ovary 3-loculed. Capsule 1-3-fascicled, long cylindrical, 5-7 × ca. 0.3 cm, apex beaked . Seeds separated by septum. Fl. Aug, fr. Sep. [source]

Habitat

Moist shady places, weed of cultivated fields [3].

Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 2,441 meters (0 to 8,009 feet).[4]

Taxonomy

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Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name . Latest taxonomic scrutiny: 15-Mar-2000

Place of publication : Mant. pl. 1:77. 1767

Name verified on 06-Nov-1985 by ARS Systematic Botanists. Last updated: 17-Oct-2001

Similar Species

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Members of the genus Corchorus

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 188 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:

C. acutangulus · C. aesticans · C. aestuans (West African Mallow) · C. aestuans var. brevicaulis · C. africanus · C. alatus · C. allenii · C. americanus · C. angolensis · C. angustifolius · C. antichorus · C. aquaticus · C. aquatious · C. arenarius · C. arenicola · C. argutus · C. argutus Humb., Bonpl. & Kunth var. prismatica · C. argutus var. longicarpus · C. argutus var. prismatocarpa · C. argutus var. typica · C. asplenifolius · C. aulacocarpus · C. baldaccii · C. biflorus · C. bifurcatus · C. brachycarpos · C. brachycarpus · C. brevicaulis · C. brevicornutus · C. bricchettii · C. bullatus · C. burmanni · C. campestris · C. capsularis (Bangla White Jute (India)) · C. carnarvonensis · C. caryophylloides · C. catharticus · C. cavaleriei · C. chrozophorifolius · C. cinerascens · C. confusus · C. congener · C. cordifolius · C. coreta · C. crassifolius · C. crozophorifolius · C. cunninghami · C. cunninghamii · C. deccanensis · C. decemangularis · C. depressus · C. detersilis · C. discolor · C. echinatus · C. elachocarpus · C. elderi · C. erinoceus · C. erodiodes · C. erodioides · C. fascicularis (Tall Wild Jute) · C. flexuosus · C. foliosus · C. frutescens · C. fruticulosus · C. furcatus · C. fuscus · C. gillettii · C. gracilis · C. grandiflorus · C. greveanus · C. hamatus · C. hirsutus (Jack-Switch) · C. hirtus (Orinoco Jute) · C. hirtus f. hilariana · C. hirtus f. humilis · C. hirtus glabellus · C. hirtus orinocensis · C. hirtus var. argentinensis · C. hirtus var. brasiliensis · C. hirtus var. cuyabensis · C. hirtus var. hirtus (Orinoco Jute) · C. hirtus var. martii · C. hochstetteri · C. humilis · C. hygrophilus · C. incanus · C. incanus lithophilus · C. javanicus · C. junodi · C. junodii · C. kirkii · C. lanceolatus · C. laniflorus · C. lasiocarpus · C. lasiocarpus parvus · C. lasiolobus · C. leptocarpus · C. linearis · C. lobatus · C. longicarpus

More Info

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Further Reading

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Notes

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Contributors

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 12, 2007:

Identifiers

Footnotes

  1. Ya Tang, Michael G. Gilbert & Laurence J. Dorr "Tiliaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 12 Page 240,264, 281. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
  2. "Corchorus". in Flora of China Vol. 12 Page 240, 249. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
  3. "Corchorus trilocularis". in Flora of China Vol. 12 Page 249, 250. Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
  4. Mean = 658.680 meters (2,161.024 feet), Standard Deviation = 848.630 based on 53 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]
Last Revised: 7/1/2009