Convolvulus cneorum

• Overview
• Interesting Facts
• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Overview

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Description

Family Convolvulaceae

Herbs or shrubs , usually with twining or climbing stems or erect , often with milky juice. Leaves alternate, simple , entire, dissected , or compound , absent in parasitic species. Flowers solitary, axillary or in cymes, racemes , panicles, umbels, or capitula, bisexual , actinomorphic , usually 5-merous, often showy. Sepals free , often persistent , sometimes enlarged in fruit. Corolla sympetalous , funnelform , campanulate , salverform , or urceolate ; limb subentire or deeply lobed . Stamens alternating with corolla lobes , adnate to corolla; filaments filiform , equal or unequal in length ; anthers introrse , laterally and longitudinally dehiscing; pollen smooth or finely spiny . Disc ringlike or cupular. Ovary superior, mostly 2-carpellate, 1- or 2-loculed, rarely 3- or 4-loculed; ovules basal, erect. Styles 1 or 2, terminal (gynobasic in Dichondra) or very short or absent; stigma entire or 2- (or 3) -lobed, rarely peltate. Fruit a capsule, dehiscing by valves , circumscissile, or irregularly shattering, less often a berry or nutlike. Seeds usually trigonous , smooth or pubescent .

About 58 genera and 1650 species: widely distributed in tropical , subtropical , and temperate regions ; 20 genera and 129 species in China.

Aniseia biflora (Linnaeus) Choisy and A. stenantha (Dunn) Ling, recognized in the Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin., are here treated as Ipomoea biflora and I. fimbriosepala, respectively, because both have pantoporate and spinulose pollen. Strictly speaking, Aniseia is a neotropical genus of about five species, of which A. martinicensis (Jacquin) Choisy is widely naturalized as a common weed in rice paddies in Thailand and other southeast Asian countries. It will probably be found in S China eventually.

The family is important in China for food plants (Ipomoea batatas (Linnaeus) Lamarck and I. aquatica Forsskål), several ornamentals (Ipomoea), several medicinal plants (Erycibe, Ipomoea, Cuscuta, Merremia, Dichondra, Evolvulus), and numerous noxious weeds (Cuscuta, Calystegia, Convolvulus) .

Pollen aperture type and surface ornamentation are important characters in the classification of Convolvulaceae at the generic level and above. The most critical feature of the pollen is whether the grain surface is spiny or not. This distinction separates the eight tribes recognized by Austin (Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 60: 306-412. 1973) into two rather cohesive groups. A low magnification (20 ) is adequate for discerning the presence or absence of minute spines on the surface.

For the successful identification of Convolvulaceae, both flowering and fruiting material should be collected. The first key to genera requires adequate fertile material with both flowers and fruit, and requires use of a pollen character. The second key may be used as an aid to identification where material is lacking flowers or fruit, but in some instances it is still partially dependent upon having both flowers and fruit.[1]

Genus Convolvulus

Plants annual or perennial , prostrate , erect , or strangling or twining herbs, or cushionlike or erect shrubs; axial parts usually pubescent , hairs simple or 2-armed. Leaves simple, petiolate or sessile, margin entire or ± lobed . Flowers axillary , peduncled, solitary or in various kinds of inflorescences. Sepals equal or unequal, middle sepal asymmetric (exposed 1/2 similar to outer 2 sepals, enclosed 1/2 similar to inner 2 sepals), persistent , not enlarged. Corolla funnelform or campanulate ; limb shallowly lobed or entire, with 5 ± distinct midpetaline bands . Stamens included , inserted at corolla base ; filaments dilated basally, filiform apically; pollen ellipsoid , 3- (or 4) -colpate, not spiny . Disc ringlike or cupular. Pistil included; ovary 2-loculed; ovules 2 per locule. Style 1, filiform; stigmas 2, linear , cylindric , or clavate . Capsule 2-loculed, 4-valved or irregularly dehiscent . Seeds 1-4, black or brown, often verruculose , pubescent, rarely glabrous .

Approximately 250 species: widely distributed; eight species in China.[2]

Physical Description

Biology

Growth

Culture: Space 24-36" apart.

Soil: Minimum pH: 6.1 • Maximum pH: 7.8

Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Full Sun .

Temperature: Cold Hardiness: 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b, 10a, 10b. (map)

Taxonomy

Notes

Publishing author : Spruner ex Nyman Publication : Consp. Fl. Eur. 3: 505 1881 [prob. Jul 1881]

Similar Species

Members of the genus Convolvulus

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 36 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus:

C. althaeoides (Convolvulus) · C. angustissimus (Bindweed) · C. arvensis (Bindweed) · C. assyricus (Convolvulus) · C. cairicus (Mile-A-Minute Vine) · C. cantabricus (Convolvulus) · C. chilensis (Convolvulus) · C. clementii (Bindweed) · C. cneorum (Bush Morning Glory) · C. coccineus (Mexican Morningglory) · C. compactus (Convolvulus) · C. equitans (Gray Bindweed) · C. eriocarpus (Morningglory) · C. erubescens (Australian Bindweed) · C. floridus (Rhodium Wood) · C. gortschakovii (Convolvulus) · C. hederifolius (Scarlet Creeper) · C. libanoticus (Convolvulus) · C. lineatus (Pygmy Bindweed) · C. mauritanicus (Ground Morning Glory) · C. nodiflorus (Aguinaldo Blanco) · C. patens (Coastal Plain Dawnflower) · C. pilosellifolius (Soft Bindweed) · C. pseudocantabrica (Convolvulus) · C. remotus (Bindweed) · C. scammonia (Scammony) · C. tamnifolius (Hairy Clustervine) · C. tricolor (Dwarf Morning Glory) · C. tricolor 'Blue Enchantment' (Dwarf Morning Glory) · C. tricolor 'Enchantment Mix' (Dwarf Morning Glory) · C. tricolor 'Ensign Blue' (Dwarf Morning Glory) · C. tricolor 'Ensign Mix' (Dwarf Morning Glory) · C. tricolor 'Ensign Pink' (Dwarf Morning Glory) · C. tricolor 'Ensign Red' (Dwarf Morning Glory) · C. tricolor 'Royal Ensign' (Dwarf Morning Glory) · C. wallichianus (Wallich's Bindweed)

More Info

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Further Reading

• A general history of the dichlamydeous plants, comprising complete descriptions of the different orders; together with the characters of the genera and species, and an enumeration of the cultivated varieties. .. the scientific names accentuated, t By George Don. London, J.G. and F. Rivington [etc.]1831-38. url p. 286.
• A general system of gardening and botany. Founded upon Miller's Gardener's dictionary, and arranged according to the natural system. By George Don. London, Printed for C. J. G. and F. Rivington, 1831-38. url p. 286.
• A supplement to the Pharmacopia, and treatise on pharmacology in general: including not only the drugs and preparations used by practitioners of medicine, but also most of those employed in the chemical arts: together with a collection of the most useful medical formulæ. . by Samuel Frederic Gray. London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green, and Longman, 1836. url p. 54.
• An Alpine A B C and list of easy rock plants, arranged by A. Methuen. New York, E. P. Dutton and company[1922] url p. 12.
• Bulletin of the Natural History Museum. London: The Natural History Museum, c1993-2002. url p. 138.
• Flower grouping in English, Scotch & Irish gardens; notes & 56 sketches in colour, by Margaret Waterfield. .. with contributions by E. V. B., S. Arnott [and others] London: E. P. Dutton & co., 1907. url p. 33.
• Inventory of seeds and plants imported / U.S. Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Plant Industry. Washington, D.C.: G.P.O., 1914-1924. url p. 48.
• Irish gardening. Dublin: Pub. Office, 1906-1922 url p. 140, p. 184.
• My shrubs / London; John Lane, 1915. url .
• My shrubs / by Eden Phillpotts, with fifty illustrations. London; John Lane, 1915. url .
• Physiological plant anatomy, tr. by Montagu Drummond. London, MacMillan, 1914. url p. 128.
• The Annals and magazine of natural history; zoology, botany, and geology being a continuation of the Annals combined with Loudon and Charlesworth's Magazine of Natural History. London, Taylor and Francis, Ltd. url p. 295.
• The Cottage gardener. [London: W.S. Orr, url p. 221.
• The English rock-garden, by Reginald Farrer. London, Jack, 1919. url p. 235.
• The Florists' exchange: a weekly medium of interchange for florists, nurserymen, seedsmen and the trade in general. New York, N.Y.: [A.T. De la Mare Ptg. and Pub. Co., url p. 227.
• The Garden: an illustrated weekly journal of gardening in all its branches. London: [s.n., url p. 120, p. 120, p. 334, p. 419, p. 518.
• The Gardeners' chronicle: a weekly illustrated journal of horticulture and allied subjects. London: [Gardeners Chronicle], 1874-1955. url , , p. 101, p. 106, p. 112, p. 192, p. 314, p. 4, p. 425, p. 519, p. 669, p. 742, p. 765.
• The Journal of horticulture, cottage gardener and country gentlemen. London: George W. Johnson and Robert Hogg, 1861-1877. url p. 160.
• The University of Kansas science bulletin. [Lawrence]: University of Kansas, 1902-1996. url p. 220, p. 220, p. 220.
• The book of hardy flowers; a simple and complete descriptive guide to the cultivation in gardens of the trees and shrubs, perennial and annual flowers, that are hardy, or are suitable for planting out-of-doors in summer in temp Ed. by H. H. Thomas. .. Beautifully illustrated with thirty-two direct color photographs by H. Essenhigh Corke and sixty-four half-tone plates. 1915 New York, Funk & Wagnalls company; [etc., etc.][1915] url plate 19, p. ix.
• The florist cultivator, or, Plain directions for the management of the principal florist flowers, shrubs, etc. etc.: adapted to the flower-garden, shrubbery, and greenhouse: with select lists of the finest roses, geraniums, carnations, pinks, auriculas, polyanthuses, tulips, dahlias, heartsease, &c &c.. .. / by Thomas Willats. London: J. Ridgeway, 1836. url p. 43.
• Trees & shrubs for English gardens. [London]"Country life", 1908. url p. 228.
• Trees and shrubs hardy in the British Isles / by W. J. Bean. London: J. Murray, 1916. url p. 380.
• Fang Rhui-cheng & Huang Shu-hua in Wu Cheng-yih, ed. 1979. Convolvulaceae. Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 64(1): 1-153.

Notes

Contributors

• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed March 1, 2012.
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed February 28, 2008. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from provider.
• The International Plant Names Index. Accessed Dec 27, 2011.

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal February 28, 2008:

• European Environment Agency: EUNIS
• Missouri Botanical Garden

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 5830837
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:266048-1
• International Plant Names Index (IPNI) ID: 266045-1
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 728659

Footnotes

1. Ruizheng Fang & George Staples "Convolvulaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 16 Page 271. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
2. "Convolvulus". in Flora of China Vol. 16 Page 289. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]

©2004-2012 David Stang. All rights reserved.