Conostylis aculeata

• Interesting Facts
• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Description

Family Haemodoraceae

Herbs, perennial or rarely annual , rhizomatous , often stoloniferous ; sap often red or orange. Stems simple . Leaves mostly basal, distichous, irislike; blade linear , sheathing proximally, folded lengthwise distally, folded portions becoming fused. Inflorescences terminal , cymose or corymbose , many-branched, many-flowered, loose or condensed. Flowers: tepals persistent , 6 in 2 whorls of 3, distinct above level of insertion on ovary, ± equal, aestivation valvate ; stamens 3 or 6; filaments elongate ; anthers basifixed , 2-locular, often basally sagittate , dehiscence introrse by longitudinal slits; pistil 1, compound , 3-carpellate; ovary inferior or half-inferior to nearly superior, 3-locular with axile placentae, or 1-locular distally with parietal placentae and 3-locular proximally with axile placentae; ovules 1, 3-6, or numerous in each locule, arranged in vertical rows or around margin of peltate placenta, orthotropous or anatropous ; style 1, undivided, elongate; stigma 1, terminal, very small. Fruits capsular , dehiscence loculicidal. Seeds discoid and peltate, or elongate and variously curved ; endosperm present.

Genera ca. 14, species ca. 80 (2 genera, 2 species in the flora ) : e North America, Mexico, Central America, n South America, s Africa, New Guinea, Australia.

The two genera of Haemodoraceae found in North America are very different from each other. Lachnanthes belongs to tribe Haemodoreae and is morphologically similar to Dilatris P. J. Bergius of South Africa and Haemodorum Smith of Oceania. The relationships of Lophiola are more obscure and are discussed more fully in the references cited below and under that genus.[1]

Physical Description

Habitat

Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 329 meters (0 to 1,079 feet).[2]

Biology

Growth

Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Full Sun .

Taxonomy

Notes

Publishing author : R.Br. Publication : Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. 300. 1810 [27 Mar 1810]

Similar Species

Members of the genus Conostylis

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 5 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus:

C. aculeata (Prickly Conostylis) · C. canteriata (Cotton Tops) · C. robusta (Golden Conostylis) · C. setigera setigera (Bristly Conostylis) · C. setosa (White Cottonheads)

More Info

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Further Reading

• Curtis's botanical magazine. 57 1830 London; New York [etc.]: Academic Press [etc.] url , , p. 35, p. 48.
• Journal of botany, British and foreign. 47 1909 London: Robert Hardwicke, 1863-1942. url p. 145.
• Journal of botany: being a second series of the Botanical miscellany. 4 1842 London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green & Longman; Edinburgh: A. & C. Black, 1834-1842. url p. 271.
• Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales. Sydney, Linnean Society of New South Wales. url p. 203, p. 204, p. 205, p. 206, p. 335, p. 336, p. 338, p. 339, p. 343, p. 348, p. 349, p. 350, p. 352, p. 356, p. 368, p. 373.
• The Journal of the Linnean Society. Botany. 41 1912-13 London: the Society: Longman, Green, Longman, Roberts & Green: ||Williams and Norgate, 1865-1968. url p. 255, p. 256, p. 563.
• The gardener's magazine and register of rural & domestic improvement. London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown and Green, 1826-1844. url p. 277, p. 343.
• Geerinck, D. 1969. Genera des Haemodoraceae et des Hypoxidaceae. Bull. Jard. Bot. Natl. Belg. 39: 47-82.
• Hopper, S. D., M. F. Fay, M. Rossetto, and M. W. Chase. 1999. A molecular phylogenetic analysis of the bloodroot and kangaroo paw family, Haemodoraceae: Taxonomic, biogeographic and conservation implications. Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 131: 285-299.
• Maas, P. J. M. and H. Maas. 1993. Haemodoraceae. In: Organization for Flora Neotropica. 1968+. Flora Neotropica. 75+ nos. New York. No. 61.
• Robertson, K. R. 1976. The genera of Haemodoraceae in the southeastern United States. J. Arnold Arbor. 57: 205-216.
• Simpson, M. G. 1990. Phylogeny and classification of the Haemodoraceae. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 77: 722-784.
• Simpson, M. G. 1993. Septal nectary anatomy and phylogeny of the Haemodoraceae. Syst. Bot. 18: 593-613.
• Zomlefer, W. B. 1999. Advances in angiosperm systematics: Examples from the Liliales and Asparagales. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 126: 58-62.

Notes

Contributors

• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 22, 2012.

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal December 02, 2007:

• Australian National Herbarium
• , Australian National Herbarium
• National Herbarium of New South Wales, NSW herbarium collection

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 10674747
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: Kew-234316
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 15511884
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:92761-3
• International Plant Names Index (IPNI) ID: 429610-1
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 962723

Footnotes

1. Kenneth R. Robertson "Haemodoraceae". in Flora of North America Vol. 26 Page 16, 22, 23, 47, 48, 49, 51, 67. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
2. Mean = 132.280 meters (433.990 feet), Standard Deviation = 137.380 based on 82 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]

©2004-2012 David Stang. All rights reserved.